秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响

李涛; 何春娥; 葛晓颖; 欧阳竹

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357

秸秆还田施氮调节碳氮比对土壤无机氮、酶活性及作物产量的影响

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.160357

1.
1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京 100101 2. 中国科学院大学北京 100049
2.
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京 100101

基金项目: 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102903)资助

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-04-17
- 修回日期: 2016-10-28
- 刊出日期: 2016-12-01

Responses of soil mineral N contents, enzyme activities and crop yield to different C/N ratio mediated by straw retention and N fertilization

1.
1. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

摘要

摘要: 秸秆的质量, 特别是C/N是影响秸秆分解速率和养分释放的重要因素。在秸秆还田条件下, 如何科学合理地施用氮肥是秸秆利用和优化施肥研究的关键问题。本研究以秸秆还田施入碳氮的C/N为切入点, 于2012—2013年通过田间试验(设秸秆不还田不施肥、秸秆还田不施氮、秸秆还田施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1、16∶1和25∶1以及秸秆还田施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1处理), 研究秸秆还田不同氮输入对小麦玉米轮作田土壤无机氮、土壤微生物量氮、酶活性以及作物产量的影响。结果表明: 1)在C/N为25∶1下, 施用有机氮肥和无机氮肥对土壤无机氮含量无显著影响; 在施用无机氮肥的情况下, C/N越低土壤无机氮含量越高。2)秸秆还田施氮提高了土壤微生物量氮含量, 但是各秸秆还田施氮处理之间差异不显著; 秸秆还田不同施氮处理对脲酶活性无显著影响; 秸秆还田施氮提高了FDA水解酶活性, 并随C/N降低呈升高趋势, 施用无机氮肥的效果强于施用有机氮肥的。3)秸秆还田施用无机氮肥显著提高了小麦和玉米地上部生物量, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为10∶1和16∶1相比于C/N为25∶1提高了小麦和玉米的苗期和成熟期地上部生物量; 施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1相比秸秆还田不施氮对地上部生物量无显著影响。秸秆还田施用无机氮肥提高了作物产量, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1产量最高, 而施用有机氮肥调节C/N为25∶1有降低作物产量的趋势。综合以上结果来看, 施用无机氮肥调节C/N为16∶1较为合理。
- 秸秆还田 /
- 有机氮肥 /
- 无机氮肥 /
- C/N /
- 土壤酶 /
- 土壤微生物量氮 /
- 作物产量
Abstract: The quality of straw affects N release after straw retention. As straw with high C/N ratio could result in N immobilization, additional N is needed to compensate N demand of crop. More and more N fertilizer is applied to soil for high crop yields in China. Therefore, how to scientifically apply N fertilizer is a key problem after straw retention. Based on C/N ratio, we carried out a field experiment to study the effects of different C/N ratios on soil mineral N content, microbial parameters and crop yields during the period of 20122013 in a winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system. The field experiment consisted of six treatments: 1) straw removal without fertilizer; 2) straw retention without N fertilizer; 3) straw retention with conventional N fertilizer (C/N ratio 10︰1); 4)straw retention with mineral N fertilizer (adjusted C/N ratio of 16︰1); 5) straw retention with mineral N fertilizer (adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1); 6) straw retention with an adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1 using organic N fertilizer (cattle manure). The results showed that: 1) there was no difference between the addition of mineral N fertilizer and organic N fertilizer on soil mineral N content under the same C/N ratio (25︰1) input. In the case of straw retention amended with mineral N fertilizer, C/N ratio of straw retention had significant influence on soil mineral N content, and C/N ratio was negatively related to soil mineral N content. 2) Straw retention amendment with N fertilizer increased soil microbial biomass N content, while no difference in soil microbial biomass N content among different N fertilizer inputs treatments. Straw retention amended with N fertilizer with sitting in integrated judgment, the urease activity had no remarkably different. Straw retention amended with N fertilizer increased FDA hydrolyase activity, and there was an increasing tendency with the decreasing of C/N ratio. 3) Straw retention amended with miner N fertilizer significantly increased crop above-ground biomass. Compared to straw retention and with an adjusted C/N ratio of 25︰1, straw retention with an adjusted C/N ratio of 10︰1 and 16︰1 increased above-ground biomass in both seedling and maturing stage. Compared to straw retention, straw retention amendment with organic N fertilizer had no influence on crop above-ground biomass. Straw retention amendment with miner N fertilizer increased crop yield, especially under the C/N ratio 16︰1 input; however, there was a decreased tendency at straw retention amendment with organic N fertilizer under the C/N ratio 25︰1. We concluded that applying mineral N fertilizer and adjusting C/N ration to 16︰1 may be more suitable N fertilizer practices after straw retention.
- Straw retention /
- Organic N fertilizer /
- inorganic N fertilizer /
- C/N ratio /
- Soil enzyme /
- Soil microbial biomass N /
- Crop yield

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