遁耕分层施肥对夏玉米产量形成的调控效应

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(20326403D)资助

Regulating effect of deep tillage and delamination fertilization on the yield formation of summer maize

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3.
Shandong Chixiang Machinery Co. Ltd., Dezhou 253000, China
4.
Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School, Lingcheng District, Dezhou 253000, China
5.
Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station, Shijiazhuang 050011, China

Funds: The study was supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province (20326403D).

摘要: 针对黄淮海平原夏玉米硬茬播种导致耕层变浅和光温水肥资源利用效率下降的问题, 本试验设置遁耕分层施肥后播种(简称“遁耕”)和硬茬种肥同播(简称“硬茬”)两个处理, 测定比较了土壤容重、含水率和养分含量, 并在玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄期、吐丝期、灌浆后期和成熟期对玉米生长发育性状、干物质积累性状、产量构成性状进行了调查和差异比较; 最后比较分析了玉米水分利用效率和偏氮肥生产力。结果表明, 遁耕处理与硬茬处理相比, 可明显地降低土壤容重, 增加土壤含水率和20~40 cm土层氮磷钾养分含量。遁耕处理的玉米株高和单株叶面积在大喇叭口期到吐丝期明显高于硬茬处理, 叶干重从大喇叭口期到抽雄期、穗干重从吐丝期到灌浆后期都显著高于硬茬处理; 穗粗、行粒数、百粒重、穗轴重、单株粒重、单株秸秆重和产量也显著高于硬茬播种。与硬茬处理相比, 遁耕处理显著提高了水分利用效率和偏氮肥生产力, 并增产19.53%。因此, 遁耕分层施肥一体化技术明显优化了土壤容重和水分及养分分布, 调控了玉米生长发育节奏和产量构成要素, 增加了玉米干物质积累, 提高穗粒数和粒重, 从而实现增产。
- 玉米 /
- 遁耕 /
- 分层施肥 /
- 产量 /
- 调控效应
Abstract: In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the hard stubble