Effect of shading on saponin content and biochemical indexes of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara in northern Zhejiang
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摘要: 七叶一枝花[Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara]为药材重楼的药源植物, 具有较好的抗肿瘤、抗炎等作用; 野生七叶一枝花生于海拔1800~3200 m林下, 目前已资源匮乏, 人工栽培尚不成规模, 同时, 七叶一枝花生长受光强影响显著, 强度不适时植株易萎蔫死亡, 因此, 研究遮阴处理对人工培育优质七叶一枝花具有重要意义。本文以6年生的七叶一枝花为试验材料, 设置不同遮阴条件(70%、80%、90%), 对重楼皂苷含量、光合色素含量、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、可溶性物质含量等指标进行测定, 探究遮阴程度对七叶一枝花中皂苷成分的影响规律。结果显示, 重楼皂苷含量与SOD活性、POD活性、MDA含量存在显著负相关性(P<0.05), 与叶绿素a/b、CAT活性、可溶性蛋白质含量存在显著正相关(P<0.05); 在遮阴80%的处理下, 重楼皂苷含量最高(重楼皂苷Ⅰ为1.45 mg∙g−1, 重楼皂苷Ⅵ为2.52 mg∙g−1, 重楼皂苷Ⅶ为3.22 mg∙g−1, 总重楼皂苷为7.19 mg∙g−1); 同时该遮阴下各项光合色素指标和可溶性蛋白质含量(11.28 mg∙g−1)均为最高, POD (2.89 U∙g−1∙min−1)和SOD (105.01 U∙g−1∙min−1)活性最低, MDA (11.90 μmol∙g−1)和脯氨酸(FP, 8.88 mg∙g−1)含量最低。综上所述, 不同的遮阴程度对七叶一枝花中重楼皂苷含量和初生代谢影响较大; 其中80%遮阴处理有利于其重楼皂苷合成和积累, 有利于光合色素和可溶性蛋白质含量的提高; 较高或较低遮阴对七叶一枝花生长和重楼皂苷的含量均产生不利影响。本研究结果可为优化七叶一枝花人工栽培措施及获得优质药材提供理论参考。Abstract: Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara is a rare traditional herb, the rhizome of which (named Paridis Rhizoma) is commonly used for its antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. P. polyphylla mainly comprises saponins, the production of which is affected by the intensity of light. Therefore, the determination of the most suitable shading degree for this herb plant in northern Zhejiang can lay the foundation for the promotion of its’ artificial cultivation. In this study, the effects of different degrees of shading on the accumulation of saponins in P. polyphylla and on changes in their biochemical indices were explored. The plants were maintained at the arboretum test site of Zhejiang Agriculture and Foresty University, China (30°15ʹN, 119°43ʹE) from June to September 2019. Black shading nets were used to create different shading conditions (70%, 80%, and 90%). Six-year-old P. polyphylla plants were used as the test materials, and their contents of saponins, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), and osmotic adjustment substances as well as antioxidative enzymes activities were measured to determine their response to shading conditions.The results showed that the saponin content was negatively correlated with the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, and MDA content (P<0.01), but positively correlated with the chlorophyll a/b ratio, catalase (CAT) activity, and soluble protein content (P<0.05). The 80% shading condition was most beneficial to saponin accumulation, as evidenced by the highest total saponin content (7.19 mg·g−1) in the plant compared with that yielded by the 70% (3.79 mg·g−1) and 90% (1.85 mg·g−1) shading conditions. The contents of all types of saponins were the highest under the 80% shading condition (polyphyllin Ⅰ: 1.45 mg·g−1; polyphyllin Ⅵ: 2.52 mg·g−1; and polyphyllin Ⅶ: 3.22 mg·g−1). Additionally, the contents of photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll: 4.72 mg·g−1) and soluble proteins (11.28 mg·g−1) were higher in plants under 80% shading than in those under 70% (total chlorophyll: 2.94 mg·g−1; soluble protein: 9.23 mg·g−1) and 90% shading (total chlorophyll: 3.81 mg·g−1; soluble protein: 7.72 mg·g−1). However, the activities of POD (2.89 U·g−1·min−1) and SOD (105.01 U·g−1·min−1), contents of MDA (11.90 μmol·g−1) and proline (8.88 mg·g−1) in plants under 80% shading were lower than those in plants under 70% (POD: 3.20 U·g−1·min−1; SOD: 123.38 U·g−1·min−1; and MDA: 13.89 μmol∙g−1; proline: 11.48 mg·g−1) and 90% shading (POD: 4.90 U·g−1·min−1; SOD: 165.09 U·g−1·min−1; and MDA: 15.46 μmol∙g−1; proline: 12.68 mg·g−1). Moreover, compared with the plants treated with 80% shading, those treated with 70% and 90% shading showed significantly lower contents of total saponins. In summary, different degrees of shading significantly influenced the P. polyphylla saponin content and primary metabolism. The data from this study provide a theoretical reference for the artificial cultivation and quality improvement of P. polyphylla in northern Zhejiang.
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表 1 重楼皂苷标准品溶液线性回归方程
Table 1. HPLC regression equation of reference solution of four authentic saponins
皂苷类型 Saponins type 回归方程 Regression equation r 线性范围 Linear range (μg) 重楼皂苷Ⅰ Polyphyllin Ⅰ y=418 655x−26 726 0.9991 0.0398~3.9844 重楼皂苷Ⅱ Polyphyllin Ⅱ y=345 133x−14 445 0.9994 0.0398~3.9884 重楼皂苷Ⅵ Polyphyllin Ⅵ y=487 983x−22 655 0.9995 0.0399~3.994 重楼皂苷Ⅶ Polyphyllin Ⅶ y=318 393x−13 975 0.9991 0.0399~3.9956 表 2 不同程度遮阴对七叶一枝花根茎中重楼皂苷含量的影响
Table 2. Saponins contents of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara under different shading treatments
mg∙g−1 遮阴度
Shading degree (%)重楼皂苷Ⅰ
Polyphyllin Ⅰ重楼皂苷Ⅱ
Polyphyllin Ⅱ重楼皂苷Ⅵ
Polyphyllin Ⅵ重楼皂苷Ⅶ
PolyphyllinⅦ重楼皂苷含量
Saponins content70 1.06±0.21a — 1.25±0.40b 1.48±0.24b 3.79±0.54b 80 1.45±0.28a — 2.52±0.09a 3.22±0.11a 7.19±0.42a 90 1.11±0.01a — 0.23±0.06c 0.53±0.07c 1.87±0.13c 同列不同小写字母表示不同遮阴度间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among treatments. 表 3 不同遮阴处理下七叶一枝花的抗氧化酶活性变化
Table 3. Antioxidative enzymes activities of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara under different shading treatments
U·g−1·min−1 遮阴度
Shading degree (%)SOD活性
SOD activityPOD活性
POD activityCAT活性
CAT activity70 123.38±4.99b 3.20±0.06b 21.43±1.01a 80 105.00±3.67c 2.89±0.15c 19.78±1.85a 90 165.09±10.94a 4.90±0.09a 5.74±0.97b 同列不同小写字母表示不同遮阴度间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments. 表 4 不同遮阴条件下七叶一枝花的光合色素含量变化
Table 4. Photosynthetic pigment contents of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara under different shading
遮阴度
Shading degree (%)叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a
(mg∙g−1)叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b
(mg∙g−1)类胡萝卜素
Carotinoid
(mg∙g−1)叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b叶绿素总量
Total chlorophyll
(mg∙g−1)70 2.16±0.09c 0.79±0.03b 8.48±0.34b 2.72±0.02b 2.94±0.11c 80 3.69±0.25a 1.03±0.04a 15.76±1.31a 3.61±0.42a 4.72±0.21a 90 2.86±0.06b 0.95±0.01a 10.15±0.16b 3.00±0.04b 3.81±0.07b 同列不同小写字母表示不同遮阴度间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments. 表 5 不同遮阴处理下七叶一株花的可溶性物质含量变化
Table 5. Soluble substances contents of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.) Hara under different shading treatments
mg∙g−1 遮阴度 Shading degree (%) 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar 可溶性蛋白质 Soluble protein 游离氨基酸 Free amino acid 脯氨酸 Proline 70 0.97±0.01a 9.23±0.01b 4.83±0.02c 11.48±0.22a 80 0.86±0.01b 11.28±0.05a 5.53±0.23b 8.88±0.47b 90 0.28±0.01c 7.72±0.04c 7.54±0.61a 12.68±0.26a 同列不同小写字母表示不同遮阴度间在P<0.05水平差异显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among different treatments. 表 6 七叶一枝花重楼皂苷含量及各生化指标的相关性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of polyphyllin content with biochemical indexes of Paris polyphylla Smith var. chinensis (Franch.)
重楼皂苷
PolyphyllinSOD CAT POD MDA 叶绿素a
Chlorophyll
a叶绿素b
Chlorophyll
b叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll
a/b叶绿素总量
Total
chlorophyll类胡萝卜素
Carotinoid可溶性糖
Soluble sugar可溶性蛋白质
Soluble protein游离氨基酸
Free amino acid脯氨酸
Proline重楼皂苷
Polyphyllin1.00 −0.90** 0.79* −0.89** −0.95** 0.46 −0.15 0.70* −0.02 −0.25 0.50 0.99** 0.03 −0.29 SOD −0.90** 1.00 −0.90** 0.95** 0.90** −0.33 0.33 −0.45 0.18 0.50 −0.69* −0.91** 0.22 0.59 CAT 0.79* −0.90** 1.00 −0.95** −0.74* 0.20 −0.59 0.50 −0.42 −0.54 0.89** 0.79* −0.54 −0.65 POD −0.89** 0.95** −0.95** 1.00 0.88** −0.28 0.37 −0.59 0.18 0.41 −0.81** −0.89** 0.38 0.66 MDA −0.95** 0.90** −0.74* 0.88** 1.00 −0.48 −0.03 −0.63 −0.16 0.13 −0.44 −0.97** −0.09 0.31 叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a0.46 −0.33 0.20 −0.28 −0.48 1.00 0.32 0.64 0.39 0.02 −0.08 0.50 0.40 0.21 叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b−0.15 0.33 −0.59 0.37 −0.03 0.32 1.00 0.09 0.96** 0.74* −0.72* −0.12 0.79* 0.53 叶绿素a/b
Chlorophyll a/b0.70* −0.45 0.50 −0.59 −0.63 0.64 0.09 1.00 0.25 0.16 0.33 0.67* 0.03 −0.02 叶绿素总量
Total chlorophyll−0.02 0.18 −0.42 0.18 −0.16 0.39 0.96** 0.25 1.00 0.66 −0.53 0.01 0.66 0.37 类胡萝卜素
Carotinoid−0.25 0.50 −0.54 0.41 0.13 0.02 0.74* 0.16 0.66 1.00 −0.52 −0.28 0.46 0.46 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar0.50 −0.69* 0.89** −0.81** −0.44 −0.08 −0.72* 0.33 −0.53 −0.52 1.00 0.47 −0.85** −0.87** 可溶性蛋白质
Soluble protein0.99** −0.91** 0.79* −0.89** −0.97** 0.50 −0.12 0.67* 0.01 −0.28 0.47 1.00 0.06 −0.27 游离氨基酸
Free amino acid0.03 0.22 −0.54 0.38 −0.09 0.40 0.79* 0.03 0.66 0.46 −0.85** 0.06 1.00 0.78* 脯氨酸 Proline −0.29 0.59 −0.65 0.66 0.31 0.21 0.53 −0.02 0.37 0.46 −0.87** −0.27 0.78* 1.00 **: P<0.01; *: P<0.05. -
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