Identification of key areas of territorial ecological restoration in Taihang Mountains — A case study of Tang County
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摘要: 诊断与修复国土空间关键区域是推进生态文明建设的必由之路。但目前我国站在“整体视角、系统治理、全域修复”的角度识别关键区域, 并加以保护的研究较为欠缺。本文选择典型生态型贫困区域太行山区唐县为研究区, 综合生境质量和生态服务价值确定生态质量, 进而确定生态源地, 运用最小累计阻力模型构建生态阻力面, 基于电路理论构建生态廊道及识别待修复关键区域, 并提出生态夹点区域优先保护、生态障碍点区域优先修复、生态断裂点区域加强维护、低生态质量区域提高生境质量防止破坏程度持续加深的修复建议。研究表明: 1) 2000年、2010年和2018年唐县遥感生态指数分别为0.57、0.64和0.56, 生态质量均处于良等, 生态质量为先上升后下降。2)综合3期生境质量和生态服务价值评价结果, 确定稳定性较好的生态源地共10处, 面积91.22 km2, 占总面积的6.4%, 主要分布在研究区北部和西南部, 土地利用类型为林地和水域; 识别生态夹点区域15处, 生态障碍点区域42处, 生态断裂点区域28处, 低生态质量区域面积178 km2, 约占全域总面积1/10。本文从整体连通性角度, 系统识别太行山区唐县国土空间修复关键区域, 并提出保护与修复措施, 为太行山区生态修复提供现实参考。Abstract: Diagnosing and restoring key areas of territorial space is fundamental to promote the construction of ecological civilization. From the perspective of “holistic perspective, system governance and global restoration”, the identification of key areas and suggestions for restoration can make up for some deficiencies existing in current research. In this paper, Tang County, a typical eco-poverty area in Taihang Mountain, is selected as the research area. The ecological quality was determined by integrating habitat quality and ecological service value, and then determine the ecological patch with the best stability as the ecological source, the ecological resistance surface is constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model, the ecological corridor is constructed based on the circuit theory. In addition to the ecological pinch points, ecological obstacle points and ecological break points included in the existing studies, the low ecological key areas are supplemented to identify, which are obtained from the lowest grade patches extracted during ecological quality evaluation. Some suggestions were put forward, such as priority protection in ecological pinch area, priority restoration in ecological obstacle area, strengthening maintenance in ecological break area, and improving habitat quality in low ecological quality area to prevent further damage. Aiming at the ecological patches with high habitat quality and ecological service value, it is recommended that these patches should be ecologically protected by prohibiting the encroachment of non-ecological construction projects. For the key ecological areas where the land use types are woodland, grassland and farmland, it is recommended to plant plants adapted to the native environment to increase vegetation abundance, return farmland to forests, and return to grassland for ecological restoration. It is recommended to build culverts and tunnels for the smooth movement of organisms in the area of obstacles caused by the cutting effect of traffic roads. The distribution of low ecological quality areas is relatively scattered, so the degraded landscape during ecological restoration can be combined with the surrounding landscape to achieve the effect of improving ecological quality. In addition, attention should be paid to the environmental protection of rural residential areas and construction land. The restoration of construction land should actively respond to the rural revitalization strategy. It can develop sightseeing agriculture in some areas, control the development intensity of the southeast of the research area, and speed up the greening construction of villages. In this way, ecological restoration of low ecological quality areas will be carried out. The research showed that: The remote sensing ecological index of Tang County in 2000, 2010 and 2018 were 0.57, 0.64 and 0.56, respectively. The ecological quality was all in good grade, and the ecological quality increased firstly and then declined. We identified 10 of ecological sources with good stability, with an area of 91.22 km2, accounting for 6.4% of the total area, which mainly distributed in the north and southwest of the study area. The land use types were forest land and water area. We also identified 15 of ecological pinch points, 42 of ecological barrier points and 28 of ecological break points, and the area of low ecological quality was 178 km2, accounting for about 1/10 of the total area. From the perspective of overall connectivity, this study systematically identified the key areas of territorial space restoration in Tang County of Taihang Mountain, and put forward protection and restoration measures, which could provide a realistic reference for ecological restoration in Taihang Mountain.
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图 2 2000年、2010年和2018年唐县生境质量(a)、生态服务价值(b)各等级空间分布情况
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of each level of habitat quality (a), ecological service value (b) in the study area in 2000, 2010 and 2018
图 3 2000年、2010年和2018年唐县生态源地的分布(a−c)和选取的研究区生态源地分布(d)
Figure 3. Distribution of ecological sources in 2000, 2010 and 2018 (a−c), and the selected ecological sources in the study area (d)
图 4 研究区综合阻力值(a)和最小累计阻力值(b)
Figure 4. Comprehensive resistance value (a) and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) value (b) of the study area
图 5 研究区生态廊道的空间分布
Figure 5. Spatial distribution of ecological corridors in the study area
图 6 生态夹点(a)、生态障碍点(b)、生态断裂点(c)和低生态质量区域(d)分布
Figure 6. Distribution of ecological pinch (a), ecological barrier points (b), ecological break points (c) and low ecological quality area (d)
表 1 唐县不同土地利用类型的生态服务价值系数表
Table 1. Coefficients of ecological service value of different land use types
生态系统一级服务功能
Ecosystem first level service function生态系统二级服务功能
Ecosystem secondary service function林地
Woodland草地
Grassland耕地
Farmland水域
Water area未利用地
Unused land建设用地
Built-up land供给服务
Supply service食物生产
Food production2250.86 1560.00 4925.14 1782.86 0 0 原料生产
Raw material production5170.28 2295.43 1092.00 512.57 0 0 水资源供给
Water supply2674.28 1270.28 −5816.57 18 474.85 0 0 调节服务
Regulation service气体调节
Gas regulation17 003.99 8067.42 3966.85 1716.00 44.57 0 气候调节
Climate regulation50 878.25 21 327.41 2072.57 5103.43 0 0 净化环境
Environment purification14 909.13 7042.28 601.71 12 368.56 222.86 0 水文调节
Hydrological regulation33 294.84 15 622.28 6663.42 227 849.00 66.86 0 支持服务
Support service土壤保持
Soil conservation20 703.42 9828.00 2317.71 2072.57 44.57 0 维持养分循环
Nutrient circulation maintaning1582.28 757.71 690.86 156.00 0 0 维持生物多样性
Biodiversity maintaning18 853.70 8936.57 757.71 5682.85 44.57 0 文化服务
Cultural service美学景观
Aesthetic landscape8267.99 3944.57 334.29 4212.00 222.86 0 
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表 2 唐县生态阻力面因子权重与阻力系数
Table 2. Factor weights and resistance coefficients of ecological resistance surface of Tangxian County
阻力系数
Resistance coefficient阻力因子 Resistance factor 土地利用类型
Land use type生境质量
Habitat quality高程
Altitude (m)坡度
Slope (°)1 林地和水域 Woodland and water area 0.8~1.0 40~191 0~5 2 草地 Grassland 0.6~0.8 191~368 5~15 3 耕地 Farmland 0.4~0.6 368~565 15~25 4 未利用地 Unused land 0.2~0.4 565~830 25~35 5 建设用地 Built-up land 0~0.2 830~1810 >35 权重 Weight 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.1
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表 3 2000—2018年唐县综合生境质量各等级面积占比
Table 3. Area proportion of each grade of comprehensive habitat quality in the study area from 2000 to 2018
等级
Grade2000 2010 2018 面积 Area (km2) 占比 Proportion (%) 面积 Area (km2) 占比 Proportion (%) 面积 Area (km2) 占比 Proportion (%) 低 Low 149.12 9.5 52.49 3.6 108.14 7.6 较低 Relatively low 298.29 20.0 211.73 15.0 242.00 17.1 中等 Medium 366.26 25.9 374.97 26.4 395.22 27.8 较高 Relatively high 322.03 23.7 455.18 32.2 417.61 29.5 高 High 281.17 20.9 322.50 22.8 253.90 18.0
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