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提高东北春玉米产量和资源利用效率降低碳足迹的优化综合管理措施

刘志铭 司雨 姚凡云 郑培峰 兰天娇 吕艳杰 王永军

刘志铭, 司雨, 姚凡云, 郑培峰, 兰天娇, 吕艳杰, 王永军. 提高东北春玉米产量和资源利用效率降低碳足迹的优化综合管理措施[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(3): 380−388 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210405
引用本文: 刘志铭, 司雨, 姚凡云, 郑培峰, 兰天娇, 吕艳杰, 王永军. 提高东北春玉米产量和资源利用效率降低碳足迹的优化综合管理措施[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(3): 380−388 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210405
LIU Z M, SI Y, YAO F Y, ZHENG P F, LAN T J, LYU Y J, WANG Y J. Integrated management improves spring maize yield and resources use efficiency, and reduces the carbon footprint in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(3): 380−388 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210405
Citation: LIU Z M, SI Y, YAO F Y, ZHENG P F, LAN T J, LYU Y J, WANG Y J. Integrated management improves spring maize yield and resources use efficiency, and reduces the carbon footprint in Northeast China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(3): 380−388 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210405

提高东北春玉米产量和资源利用效率降低碳足迹的优化综合管理措施

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210405
基金项目: 吉林省自然科学基金项目(20190201027JC)和吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021ZY001)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘志铭, 主要研究方向为玉米栽培生理, E-mail: liuzhiming5050@163.com

    司雨, 主要从事作物生理生态研究, E-mail: siyujilin@126.com

    通讯作者:

    吕艳杰, 主要研究方向为玉米栽培生理。E-mail: lvyanjie_1977@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S513

Integrated management improves spring maize yield and resources use efficiency, and reduces the carbon footprint in Northeast China

Funds: This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20190201027JC) and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jilin Province (CXGC2021ZY001).
More Information
  • 摘要: 东北是我国最大的玉米产区, 但生产中长期以高产为目标的管理方式, 导致其生产系统成为巨大的温室气体排放源, 在保证产量的基础上采取有效措施提高资源利用效率并降低环境代价已成为产业发展的迫切需求。本研究选择东北平原中部半湿润区和半干旱区, 采用宽窄行(宽行90 cm, 窄行40 cm)和高密度(90 000株∙hm−2)种植, 在玉米15叶期喷施化控剂, 氮肥减施(半湿润区和半干旱区分别减少28.0%和9.1%)的综合管理模式(IM), 其中半干旱区增加了膜下滴灌处理。从玉米产量、温光利用效率、经济效益和碳足迹等方面, 比较分析了东北不同生态类型区IM和农户模式(FM: 65 cm等行距, 种植密度60 000株·hm−2, 不化控)的差异。结果表明, 与FM相比, 半湿润区和半干旱区IM玉米产量分别提高24.2%和25.6%, 主要表现为种植密度增加50%使得收获穗数增加52.8%, 而穗粒数和千粒重仅分别降低8.5%和11.0%; 半湿润区积温生产效率提高21.1%, 光能利用效率提高21.0%, 半干旱区积温生产效率和光能利用效率分别提高20.7%和22.0%; 而且半湿润区和半干旱区IM年净收益分别较FM增加32.9%和24.4%。同时, 半湿润区IM碳排放总量为2860.1 kg(CO2-eq)·hm−2, 较FM降低18.7%; 而半干旱区IM的碳排放总量为 2729.6 kg(CO2-eq)·hm−2, 较FM增加8.9%。半湿润区和半干旱区IM单位玉米产量的碳足迹分别为0.20 kg(CO2-eq)·kg−1和0.22 kg(CO2-eq)·kg−1, 分别较FM降低39.4%和15.4%。综上, 在东北春玉米区采取综合管理措施, 能够实现玉米产量、温光资源利用效率和经济效益协同提升, 且显著降低其碳足迹, 其中半湿润区效果尤为明显, 而半干旱区碳排放虽有所增加, 但其增幅低于产量增幅, 最终显著降低碳足迹。所以, 该综合管理模式可在东北玉米生产中推荐应用。
  • 图  1  不同生态区不同种植模式春玉米积温生产效率和光能利用效率

    IM: 综合管理模式; FM: 农户模式; SH: 半湿润区; SA: 半干旱区。*和**分别表示种植模式间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著。IM: integrated management mode; FM: farmers’ mode; SH: semi-humid area; SA: semi-arid area. * and ** indicate significant differences between two planting modes at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.

    Figure  1.  Accumulated temperature production efficiency and light energy utilization efficiency of spring maize under different planting modes in different ecological areas

    图  2  不同生态区不同种植模式春玉米的单位产量碳足迹

    IM: 综合管理模式; FM: 农户模式; SH: 半湿润区; SA: 半干旱区。**表示种植模式间在P<0.01水平差异显著。IM: integrated management mode; FM: farmers’ mode; SH: semi-humid area; SA: semi-arid area. ** indicates significant difference between two planting modes at P<0.01 level.

    Figure  2.  Carbon footprint per unit yield of of spring maize under different planting modes in different ecological areas

    表  1  春玉米生产过程中生产资料的碳排放参数[33]

    Table  1.   Carbon emission parameters of agricultural materials in spring maize production[33]

    项目
    Item
    碳排放参数
    Carbon emission parameter [kg(CO2)∙kg−1]
    氮肥 Nitrogen fertilizer (N)4.96
    磷肥 Phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5)1.41
    钾肥 Potassium fertilizer (K2O)0.66
    种子 Seed1.22
    柴油 Diesel oil3.32
    农药 Pesticide6.58
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同生态区不同种植模式的春玉米产量及其构成因素

    Table  2.   Yield and its components of spring maize under different planting modes in different ecological areas

    年份
    Year
    地区
    Area
    耕作模式
    Farming mode
    收获穗数
    Ear number
    穗粒数
    Ear grain number
    千粒重
    1000-kernel weight (g)
    产量
    Yield (kg∙hm−2)
    2019半湿润区
    Semi-humid area
    FM58 140±914b597.3±12.7a306.3±7.6a12 337±430b
    IM87 623±1718a531.7±13.6b270.3±4.2b14 178±369a
    半干旱区
    Semi-arid area
    FM56 847±591b555.3±11.0a328.7±9.6a11 614±589b
    IM85 356±2105a517.3±2.1b285.7±4.0b14 590±566a
    2020半湿润区
    Semi-humid area
    FM56 622±2603b604.7±17.4a293.3±1.7a10 570±332b
    IM82 916±1397a557.0±10.1b267.1±2.1b14 097±146a
    半干旱区
    Semi-arid area
    FM51 500±928b630.7±5.8a280.9±1.6a9829±64.7b
    IM84 374±2252a573.2±7.9b253.1±5.1b12 334±1946a
      IM: 综合管理模式; FM: 农户模式。不同小写字母表示种植模式间差异显著(P<0.05)。IM: integrated management mode; FM: farmers’ mode. Different lowercase letters following data indicate significant differences between two planting modes (P<0.05).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同生态区不同种植模式春玉米生产过程中要素投入与产出

    Table  3.   Economic costs and revenue in spring maize under different planting modes in different ecological areas

    年份
    Year
    地区
    Area
    种植
    模式
    Planting mode
    种子
    Seed
    (¥∙hm−2)
    化肥
    Fertilizer
    (¥∙hm−2)
    农药
    Pesticide
    (¥∙hm−2)
    机械作业Mechanical operation
    (¥∙hm−2)
    农膜Agricultural film
    (¥∙hm−2)
    总投入
    Total cost
    (¥∙hm−2)
    总收入
    Gross revenue (¥∙hm−2)
    产投比
    Ratio of income
    to cost
    2019半湿润区
    Semi-humid area
    FM666189033524000529123 4414.4
    IM750175038020000488026 9385.5
    半干旱区
    Semi-arid area
    FM625173034514500415022 0675.3
    IM71016704201600850525027 7215.3
    2020半湿润区
    Semi-humid area
    FM800196735524400556226 4254.8
    IM900182040520300515535 2436.8
    半干旱区
    Semi-arid area
    FM750180035013000420024 5735.9
    IM85017604251500900543530 5855.6
      IM: 综合管理模式; FM: 农户模式。IM: integrated management mode; FM: farmers’ mode.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同生态区不同种植模式春玉米的碳排放量及其构成因素

    Table  4.   Carbon emissions and components of spring maize under different planting modes in different ecological areas kg∙hm−2

    地区
    Area
    种植
    模式
    Planting mode
    氮肥
    Nitrogen fertilizer
    磷肥
    Phosphorus fertilizer
    钾肥
    Potassium fertilizer
    农药
    Pesticide
    种子
    Seed
    柴油
    Diesel

    Electricity
    间接碳排放
    Indirect carbon emission
    直接碳排放
    Direct carbon emission
    碳排放总量
    Total carbon emission
    SHFM1240.0114.066.036.224.4332.001812.61706.33518.94
    IM892.8114.066.038.228.1332.001471.11389.02860.1
    SAFM1091.293.569.332.125.6398.401710.1796.62506.7
    IM992.093.569.333.430.5398.482.81699.91029.82729.6
      IM: 综合管理模式; FM: 农户模式; SH: 半湿润区; SA: 半干旱区。IM: integrated management mode; FM: farmers’ mode; SH: semi-humid area; SA: semi-arid area.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-06-27
  • 录用日期:  2021-10-27
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-30
  • 刊出日期:  2022-03-07

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