Effects of organic nitrogen and indigenous AMF on growth and competitiveness of pepper-common bean intercropping
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摘要: 丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF)能促进植物的养分吸收及生长发育。为探明AMF在不同施氮水平下对辣椒||菜豆间作体系植株生长与种间互补和养分竞争的关系, 采用盆栽试验, 设置3种种植模式(辣椒||菜豆间作、辣椒单作、菜豆单作)、2种土著AMF处理[不接种土著AMF(NM)、接种土著AMF(AMF)]和2种氮处理[不施氮(N0)、施有机氮120 mg(N)∙kg−1 (N120)], 探讨设施条件下接种土著AMF、施有机氮与间作对辣椒和菜豆植株生长及种间竞争能力的影响。结果表明, 接种土著AMF均能侵染上述两种蔬菜, 施氮可促进间作植株的AMF侵染; 接种土著AMF也能促进两种寄主植物菜豆和辣椒的生长, 与NM相比, 接种土著AMF使辣椒、菜豆植株地上生物量和株高均明显增加, 并能提高两种蔬菜氮素吸收效率。NM条件下辣椒对资源的竞争能力强于菜豆, 辣椒相对菜豆的种间竞争能力为0.60, 辣椒处于优势地位; 在AMF条件下辣椒对资源的竞争能力低于菜豆, 辣椒相对菜豆的种间竞争能力为−0.37, 辣椒处于劣势地位; 且两者在N120处理下更明显, 分别较N0显著增加125%和降低19%。可见, 不同氮处理下辣椒和菜豆种间竞争能力有所不同。所有复合处理中, 接种土著AMF和施一定量的有机氮处理能显著促进辣椒和菜豆的生长, 也能显著改变辣椒相对菜豆的种间竞争能力。Abstract: In recent years, continuous pepper cropping and unreasonable application of high nitrogen (N) fertilizer have been the main factors inhibting pepper cultivation with high yield and quality. At present, many theories attempt to explain the interspecific competition in intercropping systems. Moreover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil has attracted increasing attention from scientists to improve interspecific competitive interactions. AMF can promote plant nutrient absorption, growth, and development. However, there are few systematic reports on the relationship between AMF on plant interspecific competition and its response to N fertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of AMF on plant growth, interspecific complementarity, and nutrient competition in an intercropping system of pepper and common bean under different organic N application levels. This can lay down the foundation for diversified planting of protected vegetables and efficient utilization of nutrient resources. Pot experiments were conducted for three different planting modes: pepper-common bean intercropping, pepper monoculture, and common bean monoculture; and two native AMF treatments: without indigenous AMF (NM) and indigenous AMF inoculation (AMF); and two N treatments: no N (N0), organic N (glutamine, 120 mg·kg−1, N120). The effects of inoculation of indigenous AMF, application of organic N and intercropping on plant growth, and interspecific competitiveness of pepper and common bean were studied. The results showed that the inoculation of indigenous AMF infected both common bean and pepper, and organic N application showed the promoting effects. Compared with NM, AMF inoculation significantly increased the aboveground biomasses, plant height of pepper and common bean. The N absorption efficiencies were also increased by 108% under N0 treatment and 98% under N120 treatment for intercropping common bean, and by 40% under N0 treatment and 22% under N120 treatment for intercropping pepper. The results showed that the response of N absorption efficiency to the planting mode was in the order of common bean > pepper, and the N absorption competition of common bean was stronger than that of pepper. Under NM conditions, the competitiveness of pepper to resources was stronger than that of common bean, the interspecific competitiveness of pepper relative to the common bean was 0.60, and pepper was in a dominant position. Under AMF conditions, the competitiveness of pepper to resources was lower than that of common bean, the interspecific competitiveness of pepper relative to the common bean was −0.37, and pepper was at a disadvantage position. Both were more obvious under the N120 condition and significantly increased by 125% and decreased by 19% compared with N0, respectively. It can be seen that the interspecific competitiveness of pepper and common bean was different under different treatments. In all composite treatments, inoculation of indigenous AMF and application of a certain amount of organic N can significantly promote the growth of pepper and common bean, and can also significantly change the interspecific competitiveness of pepper relative to common bean.
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Key words:
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi /
- Organic nitrogen /
- Intercropping /
- Interspecific competition /
- Pepper /
- Common bean
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图 1 不同施氮量对辣椒||菜豆间作系统土著AMF菌根侵染率的影响
N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg (N)·kg−1处理。不同小写字母表示不同施氮量下不同种植模式间在P<0.05水平差异显著。N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg (N)·kg−1, respectively. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different planting patterns under different N application rates.
Figure 1. Effects of N application rates on infection rate of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AFM) in pepper-common bean intercropping system
图 2 土著AMF与施氮量对辣椒||菜豆间作系统土壤pH的影响
N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg (N)·kg−1处理。NM和AMF指不接种和接种土著AMF。不同小写字母表示不同种植模式在不同施氮量和接种与不接种AFM下在P<0.05水平差异显著。N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg(N)·kg−1, respectively. NM and AMF refer to no-inoculation and inoculation of AMF. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different planting patterns under different N application rates with and without AMF inoculation.
Figure 2. Effects of inoculation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AFM) and N application rate on soil pH of pepper||common bean intercropping system
图 3 土著AMF与施氮量对辣椒||菜豆间作系统氮素吸收效率的影响
N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg (N)·kg−1处理。NM和AMF指不接种和接种土著AMF。不同小写字母表示不同种植模式在不同施氮量和接种与不接种AFM下在P<0.05水平差异显著。N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg (N)·kg−1, respectively. NM and AMF refer to no-inoculation and inoculation of AMF. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different planting patterns under different N application rates with and without AMF inoculation.
Figure 3. Effects of inoculation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AFM) and N application rate on N absorption efficiency of pepper||common bean intercropping system
图 4 土著AMF与施氮量对辣椒相对菜豆的种间竞争能力的影响
N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg(N)·kg−1处理。NM和AMF 指不接种和接种土著 AMF。不同小写字母表示不同施氮量在接种和不接种AFM下在P<0.05水平差异显著。N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg(N)·kg−1, respectively. NM and AMF refer to no-inoculation and inoculation of AMF. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different N application rate and no-inoculation and inoculation of AMF.
Figure 4. Effects of inoculation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AFM) and N application rate on interspecific competitiveness of pepper relative to common bean
图 5 种植模式与施氮量对辣椒||菜豆间作系统菌根依赖性的影响
N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg(N)·kg−1处理。不同小写字母表示不同种植模式在不同施氮量下在P<0.05水平差异显著。N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg(N)·kg−1, respectively. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different planting patterns under different N application rates.
Figure 5. Effects of planting pattern and N application rate on mycorrhizal dependence of pepper||common bean intercropping system
表 1 接种土著AMF、施氮量和种植模式对辣椒和菜豆株高、根长、生物量及根冠比的影响
Table 1. Effects of inoculation of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AFM), N application rates and planting patterns on plant height, root length, biomass and root/shoot ratio of intercropped pepper and kidney bean
菌根处理
AMF treatment施氮处理
N
treatment种植方式
Planting pattern株高
Plant height
(cm)根长
Root length
(cm)地上生物量
Aboveground biomass (g∙plant−1)根系生物量
Root biomass
(g∙plant−1)根冠比
Root/shoot
ratioNM N0 单作辣椒 Pepper monocropping 29.71±2.10c 8.29±8.91ab 0.35±0.10g 0.11±0.02ef 0.31±0.03a 单作菜豆 Common bean monocropping 34.50±5.07bcd 5.47±0.82ab 1.21±0.13def 0.23±0.14bc 0.19±0.12bcd 间作辣椒 Intercropping pepper 34.97±3.16bcd 12.45±11.81a 0.50±0.01g 0.11±0.04ef 0.22±0.08abc 间作菜豆 Intercropping common bean 28.83±1.04d 3.69±6.40b 1.32±0.44de 0.17±0.02d 0.14±0.05cd N120 单作辣椒 Pepper monocropping 31.37±3.79cd 4.59±0.25ab 0.38±0.11g 0.10±0.04f 0.26±0.04ab 单作菜豆 Common bean monocropping 46.38±5.24a 9.14±3.25ab 1.90±0.27bc 0.36±0.08a 0.19±0.06bcd 间作辣椒 Intercropping pepper 33.19±8.79bcd 13.86±11.34a 0.60±0.35g 0.12±0.06ef 0.22±0.06abc 间作菜豆 Intercropping common bean 32.22±1.54cd 6.83±0.13ab 1.48±0.61cd 0.17±0.10d 0.14±0.11cd AMF N0 单作辣椒 Pepper monocropping 38.16±32.87abc 12.44±2.16a 0.69±0.05fg 0.11±0.01ef 0.17±0.02bcd 单作菜豆 Common bean monocropping 40.22±6.18abc 6.89±5.25ab 2.12±0.25b 0.21±0.03c 0.10±0.01d 间作辣椒 Intercropping pepper 34.08±5.51bcd 12.32±2.98a 0.73±0.10fg 0.14±0.05de 0.19±0.06bcd 间作菜豆 Intercropping common bean 38.89±3.15abc 8.07±1.11ab 2.68±0.33a 0.24±0.03bc 0.09±0.02d N120 单作辣椒 Pepper monocropping 39.33±0.68ab 11.31±1.78a 0.81±0.07efg 0.13±0.01ef 0.17±0.03bcd 单作菜豆 Common bean monocropping 36.50±1.48bcd 5.80±2.92ab 2.17±0.11b 0.23±0.03bc 0.11±0.02d 间作辣椒 Intercropping pepper 31.75±10.64cd 13.16±2.65a 0.87±0.40efg 0.10±0.03f 0.13±0.05cd 间作菜豆 Intercropping common bean 36.33±1.45bcd 12.43±3.42a 2.72±0.45a 0.26±0.07b 0.10±0.02d NM和AMF指不接种和接种土著AMF。N0和N120分别指不添加有机氮和添加有机氮120 mg (N)·kg−1处理。不同小写字母表示不同施氮量下不同种植模式间在P<0.05水平差异显著。NM and AMF refer to no-inoculation and inoculation of AMF. N0 and N120 refer to the application rates of organic N of 0 and 120 mg (N)·kg−1, respectively. Different lowercase letters show significant differences at P<0.05 level among different planting patterns under different N application rates. -
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