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微塑料对农田生态系统的影响: 研究现状与展望

吕一涵 周杰 杨亚东 臧华栋 胡跃高 曾昭海

吕一涵, 周杰, 杨亚东, 臧华栋, 胡跃高, 曾昭海. 微塑料对农田生态系统的影响: 研究现状与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2022, 30(1): 1−14 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210442
引用本文: 吕一涵, 周杰, 杨亚东, 臧华栋, 胡跃高, 曾昭海. 微塑料对农田生态系统的影响: 研究现状与展望[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2022, 30(1): 1−14 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210442
LYU Y H, ZHOU J, YANG Y D, ZANG H D, HU Y G, ZENG Z H. Microplastics in agroecosystem: Research status and future challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(1): 1−14 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210442
Citation: LYU Y H, ZHOU J, YANG Y D, ZANG H D, HU Y G, ZENG Z H. Microplastics in agroecosystem: Research status and future challenges[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(1): 1−14 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210442

微塑料对农田生态系统的影响: 研究现状与展望

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210442
基金项目: 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-07-B-5)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    吕一涵, 主要研究方向为农田微塑料污染。E-mail: lvyihan98@163.com

    通讯作者:

    臧华栋, 主要研究方向为农田生态与多样化种植。E-mail: zanghuadong@cau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: X53

Microplastics in agroecosystem: Research status and future challenges

Funds: This work was supported by the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-07-B-5).
More Information
  • 摘要: 近年来, 微塑料污染成为全球关注的热点问题。在农田生态系统中地膜覆盖、灌溉用水、有机肥施用等措施在提升作物产量的同时, 都会导致塑料残留。因耕作和紫外线辐射, 残留塑料逐步破碎降解, 形成微塑料(直径<5 mm), 进入土壤、作物与食物链系统, 威胁生态系统健康。本文系统总结了农田微塑料的来源、丰度、迁移特点和检测方法, 重点关注了微塑料在农田生态系统中对作物生长发育、微生物活性、土壤养分循环及温室气体排放等方面的影响。微塑料对作物-土壤-微生物系统产生的主要影响为: 1)微塑料含有的毒性添加剂(即增塑剂)与携带的有害物质(如有机污染物、重金属和病原体)随塑料颗粒在土壤中迁移, 可改变土壤理化性质, 并为微生物提供新生态栖息地, 对作物生长、土壤酶和微生物活性造成影响; 2)微塑料含有大量碳(通常约为90%), 影响其他元素(如氮和磷)循环, 进而影响微生物活性。土壤性质改变也间接影响CO2、N2O和CH4形成。由于聚合物类型、大小、形状和浓度的高度可变性, 微塑料对作物生产和土壤生物地球化学过程的影响及其机制有待深入探究。本文还展望了未来农田生态系统微塑料的研究方向和重点。
  • 图  1  农田生态系统中微塑料的来源及其迁移过程

    Figure  1.  Source and migration process of microplastics in agroecosystems

    表  1  微塑料污染对作物生长的影响

    Table  1.   The impact of microplastics pollution on crop growth

    微塑料 Microplastics作物
    Crop
    指标
    Index
    效应
    Effect
    地点
    Location
    参考文献
    Reference
    种类
    Type
    形状
    Shape
    大小
    Size
    浓度
    Concentration
    PE/125 μm1%, 5%, 10%, 20% (w/w)小麦
    Wheat
    微塑料剂量依赖性
    Dose-dependent impact of microplastics
    英国威尔士格温内思郡
    Gwynedd, Wales, England
    [65]
    HDPE颗粒 Pellets<2 mm0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w)小麦
    Wheat
    种子萌发、生物量
    Seedling emergence, biomass
    =澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
    颗粒 Pellets102.6 μm0.1% (w/w)多年生黑麦草
    Perennial ryegrass
    地上部生物量(干重)、叶绿素a和
    叶绿素b含量
    Shoot biomass (dry weight),
    chlorophyll a and b contents
    =北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    颗粒 Pellets102.6 μm0.1% (w/w)多年生黑麦草
    Perennial ryegrass
    根系生物量、叶绿素a与叶绿素b
    含量的比值
    Dry biomass of roots, chlorophyll a/b
    +北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    PVC/125 μm1%, 5%, 10%, 20% (w/w)小麦
    Wheat
    微塑料剂量依赖性
    Dose-dependent impact of microplastics
    英国威尔士格温内思郡
    Gwynedd, Wales, England
    [65]
    颗粒 Pellets<2 mm0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w)小麦
    Wheat
    种子萌发、生物量
    Seedling emergence, biomass
    =澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
    薄膜 FilmsL: 0.5 mm;
    W: 0.5 mm;
    T: 0.008 mm
    /水稻
    Rice
    生物量、分蘖数
    Biomass, tillers number
    中国海南省海口市
    Haikou City, Hainan, China
    [67]
    PS颗粒 Pellets
    87 nm10 mg∙L−1小麦
    Wheat
    叶片Cd和丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性
    Cd and malondialdehyde contents, and superoxide dismutase activity in leaves
    /[68]
    颗粒 Pellets87 nm10 mg∙L−1小麦
    Wheat
    过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性
    Catalase and peroxidase activies
    =/[68]
    颗粒 Pellets87 nm10 mg∙L−1小麦
    Wheat
    Cd胁迫下叶片中长寿自由基的形
    成、碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢、种
    子萌发
    Formation of long-lived radicals in leaves after exposure to Cd, carbohydrate and amino acid
    metabolisms, seedling emergence
    +/[68]
    PLA颗粒 Pellets65.6 μm0.1% (w/w)多年生黑麦草
    Perennial ryegrass
    发芽率、株高
    Germination percentage, plant height
    北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    颗粒 Pellets65.6 μm0.1% (w/w)多年生黑麦草
    Perennial ryegrass
    地上部生物量(干重)、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量
    Shoot biomass (dry weight), contents of chlorophyll a and b
    =北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    颗粒 Pellets65.6 μm0.1% (w/w)多年生黑麦草
    Perennial ryegrass
    叶绿素a与叶绿素b含量的比值
    Chlorophyll a/b
    +北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    颗粒 Pellets100~154 μm0, 0.1%, 1%, 10% (w/w)玉米
    Maize
    生物量、叶片叶绿素含量
    Biomass, chlorophyll content of leaves
    中国青岛即墨区
    Jimo District, Qingdao, China
    [69]
    PET颗粒 Pellets<2 mm0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w)小麦
    Wheat
    种子萌发、生物量
    Seedling emergence, biomass
    =澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
      “+”表示添加微塑料具有正效应; “−”表示添加微塑料具有负效应; “=”表示添加微塑料无效应; “/”表示文献中无该栏信息。“L”表示长度; “W”表示宽度; “T”表示厚度; 未标字母为粒径。PE: 聚乙烯; HDPE: 高密度聚乙烯; PVC: 聚氯乙烯; PS: 聚苯乙烯; PLA: 聚乳酸; PET: 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。“+” “−” and “=” mean microplastics addition has a positive, negative, and no effect, respectively. “/” means no information in the literature. “L”: length; “W”: width; “T”: thickness; unmarked letters mean particle size. PE: polyethylene; HDPE: high-density polyethylene; PVC: polyvinyl chloride; PS: polystyrene; PLA: polylactic acid; PET: polyethylene terephthalate.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  微塑料污染对土壤微生物的影响

    Table  2.   The impact of microplastics pollution on soil microorganisms

    微塑料 Microplastics微生物
    Microorganisms
    指标
    Index
    效应
    Effect
    地点
    Location
    参考文献
    Reference
    种类
    Type
    形状
    Shape
    大小
    Size
    浓度
    Concentration
    PE / 125 μm 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    生物量、碳利用效率
    Biomass, carbon utilization efficiency
    + 英国威尔士格温内思郡
    Gwynedd, Wales, England
    [65]
    颗粒 Pellets 678 μm 1%, 5% (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    丰富度、多样性
    Richness, diversity
    中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    颗粒 Pellets 0.15~0.20 mm 2.12 g∙kg−1 (2000分子量)
    2.12 g∙kg−1(2000 molecular weight)
    细菌、真菌
    Bacteria, fungi
    丰富度
    Richness
    / [78]
    颗粒 Pellets 0.15~0.20 mm 2.12 g∙kg−1 (>100 000分子量) 2.12 g∙kg−1 (> 100 000 molecular weight) 细菌、真菌
    Bacteria, fungi
    丰富度
    Richness
    + / [78]
    LDPE 薄膜 Films L: 2 mm
    W: 2 mm
    T: 0.01 mm
    0.076 g∙kg−1 细菌
    Bacteria
    群落α多样性
    Community alpha diversity
    = 中国北京大学
    Peking University, China
    [76]
    薄膜 Films L: 2 mm
    W: 2 mm
    T: 0.01 mm
    0.076 g∙kg−1 细菌
    Bacteria
    相似性
    Similarity
    中国北京大学
    Peking University, China
    [81]
    薄膜 Films L: 2 mm
    W: 2 mm
    T: 0.01 mm
    0.076 g∙kg−1 细菌
    Bacteria
    群落周转率(群落演替)
    Turnover rate of bacterial community (community succession)
    + 中国北京大学
    Peking University, China
    [81]
    颗粒 Pellets 200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    活性、群落组成、微生物量氮
    Activity, community
    composition, microbial biomass nitrogen
    = 德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒 Pellets 200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    微生物量碳
    Microbial biomass carbon
    德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒 Pellets 678 μm 1%, 5% ( (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    固氮
    Nitrogen fixation
    + 中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    HDPE 颗粒 Pellets <2 mm 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    群落多样性
    Community diversity
    = 澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
    PVC 颗粒 Pellets 18 μm 5% (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    丰富度、多样性
    Richness, diversity
    中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    颗粒 Pellets 18 μm 1% (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    丰富度、多样性
    Richness, diversity
    = 中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    颗粒 Pellets <2 mm 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    群落多样性
    Community diversity
    = 澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
    / 125 μm 1%, 5%, 10%, 20% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    生物量、碳利用效率
    Biomass, carbon utilization efficiency
    + 英国威尔士格温内思郡
    Gwynedd, Wales, England
    [65]
    颗粒 Pellets 18 μm 1%, 5% (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    固氮
    Nitrogen fixation
    + 中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    PP 颗粒 Pellets 200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    活性、群落组成
    Activity, community
    composition
    = 德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒 Pellets 200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    生物量、微生物量碳、微生物量氮
    Biomass, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen
    德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒 Pellets <250 μm 28% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    呼吸
    Respiration
    + 中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [82]
    PLA 颗粒 Pellets 20~50 μm 2% (w/w) 细菌
    Bacteria
    群落多样性和组成以及相关生态系统功能和过程
    Community diversity and composition, and related ecosystem functions and processes
    = 中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
    颗粒 Pellets 20~50 μm 2% (w/w) 厚壁菌
    Firmicutes
    生物量
    Biomass
    中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
    PET 颗粒 Pellets <2 mm 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1% (w/w) 微生物
    Microbial
    群落多样性
    Community diversity
    = 澳大利亚新南威尔士州
    New South Wales, Australia
    [50]
      “+”表示添加微塑料具有正效应; “−”表示添加微塑料具有负效应; “=”表示添加微塑料无效应; “/”表示文献中无该栏信息。“L”表示长度; “W”表示宽度; “T”表示厚度; 未标字母为粒径。PE: 聚乙烯; LDPE: 低密度聚乙烯; HDPE: 高密度聚乙烯; PVC: 聚氯乙烯; PP: 聚丙烯; PLA: 聚乳酸; PET: 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。“+” “−” and “=” means microplastics addition has a positive, negative, and no effect, respectively. “/” means there is no information in the literature. “L”: length; “W”: width; “T”: thickness; unmarked letters mean particle size. PE: polyethylene; LDPE: low-density polyethylene; HDPE: high-density polyethylene; PVC: polyvinyl chloride; PP: polypropylene; PLA: polylactic acid; PET: polyethylene terephthalate.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  微塑料污染对土壤酶活性的影响

    Table  3.   The impact of microplastics pollution on soil enzyme activities

    微塑料 Microplastics土壤
    Soil
    指标
    Index
    效应
    Effect
    地点
    Location
    参考文献
    Reference
    种类
    Type
    形状
    Shape
    大小
    Size
    浓度
    Concentration
    PE颗粒 Pellets678 μm1%, 5% (w/w)壤土
    Loamy soil
    URE, ACP+中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    颗粒 Pellets678 μm1%, 5% (w/w)壤土
    Loamy soil
    FDAse中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    LDPE薄膜 FilmsL: 2 mm
    W: 2 mm
    T: 0.01 mm
    0.076 g∙kg−1褐土
    Cinnamon soil
    URE, CAT+中国北京大学
    Peking University, China
    [76]
    薄膜 FilmsL: 2 mm
    W: 2 mm
    T: 0.01 mm
    0.076 g∙kg−1褐土
    Cinnamon soil
    Invertase=中国北京大学
    Peking University, China
    [76]
    PVC颗粒 Pellets678 μm1%, 5% (w/w)壤土
    Loamy soil
    URE, ACP+中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    颗粒 Pellets678 μm1%, 5% (w/w)壤土
    Loamy soil
    FDAse中国浙江省临安市
    Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
    [74]
    PP颗粒 Pellets<250 μm28% (w/w)黄土
    Loess
    URE=中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [82]
    颗粒 Pellets<250 μm7%, 28% (w/w)黄土
    Loess
    AP+中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [82]
    颗粒 Pellets<250 μm28% (w/w)黄土
    Loess
    GLU+中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [82]
    颗粒 Pellets<180 μm7%, 28% (w/w)黄土
    Loess
    PO中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [86]
    颗粒 Pellets<180 μm7%, 28% (w/w)黄土
    Loess
    FDAse+中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [86]
    PLA颗粒 Pellets20~50 μm2% (w/w)/URE, CAT, GLU=中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
      “+”表示添加微塑料具有正效应; “−”表示添加微塑料具有负效应; “=”表示添加微塑料无效应; “/”表示文献中无该栏信息。“L”表示长度; “W”表示宽度; “T”表示厚度; 未标字母为粒径。PE: 聚乙烯; LDPE: 低密度聚乙烯; PVC: 聚氯乙烯; PP: 聚丙烯; PLA: 聚乳酸。URE: 脲酶; ACP: 酸性磷酸酶; FDAse: 荧光素二乙酸酯水解酶; CAT: 过氧化氢酶; Invertase: 转化酶(蔗糖酶); AP: 磷酸酶; GLU: β-葡萄糖苷酶; PO: 酚氧化酶。“+” “−” and “=” mean microplastics addition has a positive, negative, and no effect, respectively. “/” means there is no information in the literature. “L”: length; “W”: width; “T”: thickness; unmarked letters mean particle size. PE: polyethylene; LDPE: low-density polyethylene; PVC: polyvinyl chloride; PP: polypropylene; PLA: polylactic acid. URE: urease; ACP: acid phosphatase; FDAse: fluorescein diacetate hydrolase; CAT: catalase; Invertase: invertase (sucrase); AP: phosphatase; GLU: β-glucosidase; PO: phenol oxidase.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  微塑料污染对土壤养分循环的影响

    Table  4.   The impact of microplastics pollution on soil nutrient cycling

    微塑料 Microplastics土壤
    Soil
    指标
    Index
    效应
    Effect
    地点
    Location
    参考文献
    Reference
    种类
    Type
    形状
    Shape
    大小
    Size
    浓度
    Concentration
    PE 地膜
    Mulching film
    <13 μm, <150 μm 5% (w/w) 黏土
    Clay
    DOC = 中国天津市北辰区
    Beichen District, Tianjin, China
    [73]
    地膜
    Mulching film
    <13 μm, <150 μm 5% (w/w) 黏土
    Clay
    有机化合物
    Organic compound
    + 中国天津市北辰区
    Beichen District, Tianjin, China
    [73]
    地膜
    Mulching film
    <150 μm 5% (w/w) 黏土
    Clay
    CO2日通量
    Daily flux of CO2
    + 中国天津市北辰区
    Beichen District, Tianjin, China
    [73]
    地膜
    Mulching film
    <150 μm 5% (w/w) 黏土
    Clay
    CH4累积吸收
    Cumulative uptake of CH4
    中国天津市北辰区
    Beichen District, Tianjin, China
    [73]
    地膜
    Mulching film
    <13 μm, <150 μm 5% (w/w) 黏土
    Clay
    GHGs, N2O 中国天津市北辰区
    Beichen District, Tianjin, China
    [73]
    LDPE 颗粒
    Pellets
    200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 砂质黏壤土
    Sandy clay loam
    DOC, DON, Nmin = 德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    25.3±8.4 μm 3% (w/w) 人工土壤(石英砂75%、
    高岭石黏土20%、泥炭藓5%)
    Artificial soil (quartz sand 75%,
    kaolinite clay 20%, sphagnum peat 5%)
    CO2日通量
    Daily flux of CO2
    + / [99]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    25.3±8.4 μm 0.2%, 3% (w/w) 人工土壤(石英砂75%、
    高岭石黏土20%、泥炭藓5%)
    Artificial soil (quartz sand 75%,
    kaolinite clay 20%, sphagnum peat 5%)
    CH4,N2O = / [99]
    HDPE 颗粒
    Pellets
    102.6 μm 0.1% (w/w) 砂质黏壤土
    Sandy clay loam
    SOM = 北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    PVC 薄膜
    Films
    L: 0.5 mm; W: 0.5 mm; T: 0.008 mm / 红壤土
    Laterite soil
    SOC, TOC, SOM 中国海南省海口市
    Haikou, Hainan, China
    [67]
    PP 颗粒
    Pellets
    <180 μm 7%, 28% (w/w) 黄土
    Loess
    DOM, TDN, DON, TDP, DOP + 中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [95]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    200~630 μm 1% (w/w) 砂质黏壤土
    Sandy clay loam
    DOC, DON, Nmin = 德国克莱夫
    Kleve, Germany
    [80]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    <180 μm 28% (w/w) 黄土 Loess DOC + 中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [95]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    <180 μm 7% (w/w) 黄土 Loess DOC = 中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [95]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    <180 μm 7%, 28% (w/w) 黄土
    Loess
    NH4+, NO3, PO43− = 中国陕西省安塞县
    Ansai, Shaanxi, China
    [95]
    PLA 颗粒
    Pellets
    65.6 μm 0.1% (w/w) 砂质黏壤土
    Sandy clay loam
    SOM = 北爱尔兰韦斯特兰
    Westland, Northern Ireland
    [66]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    20~50 μm 2% (w/w) / DOC, TDN, NH4+, NO3, NO2, IP = 中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    20~50 μm 2% (w/w)+水稻秸秆 Rice straw (2%) / DOC 中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
    颗粒
    Pellets
    2~50 μm 2% (w/w)+水稻秸秆 Rice straw (2%)
    / TDN, NH4+, NO3, NO2, IP = 中国江苏省南京市
    Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
    [79]
    PET 颗粒
    Pellets
    56.3±12.8 μm 0.2%, 0.4% (w/w) 人工土壤(石英砂75%、
    高岭石黏土20%、泥炭藓5%)
    Artificial soil (quartz sand 75%,
    kaolinite clay 20%, sphagnum peat 5%)
    CH4, N2O = / [99]
      “+”表示添加微塑料具有正效应; “−”表示添加微塑料具有负效应; “=”表示添加微塑料无效应; “/”表示文献中无该栏信息。“L”表示长度; “W”表示宽度; “T”表示厚度; 未标字母为粒径。PE: 聚乙烯; LDPE: 低密度聚乙烯; HDPE: 高密度聚乙烯; PVC: 聚氯乙烯; PP: 聚丙烯; PLA: 聚乳酸; PET: 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。DOC: 可溶性有机碳; GHGs: 温室气体; DON: 可溶性有机氮; Nmin: 无机氮; SOM: 土壤有机质; SOC: 土壤有机碳; TOC: 总有机碳; DOM: 可溶性有机质; TDN: 总可溶性氮; TDP: 总可溶性磷; DOP: 可溶性有机磷; IP: 无机磷。“+” “−” and “=” mean microplastics addition has a positive, negative, and no effect, respectively. “/” means no information in the literature. “L”: length; “W”: width; “T”: thickness; unmarked letters mean particle size. PE: polyethylene; LDPE: low-density polyethylene; HDPE: high-density polyethylene; PVC: polyvinyl chloride; PP: polypropylene; PLA: polylactic acid; PET: polyethylene terephthalate. DOC: dissolved organic carbon; GHGs: greenhouse gases; DON: dissolved organic nitrogen; Nmin: inorganic nitrogen; SOM: soil organic matter; SOC: soil organic carbon; TOC: total organic carbon; DOM: dissolved organic matter; TDN: total dissolved nitrogen; TDP: total dissolved phosphorus; DOP: dissolved organic phosphorus; IP: inorganic phosphorus.
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-07-10
  • 录用日期:  2021-09-24
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-10
  • 刊出日期:  2022-01-08

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