Suitability evaluation of suitable-for-mechanization transformation of cultivated land based on topographic complexity in Chongqing, China
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摘要: “宜机化”改造是推进丘陵山地农业机械化发展的根本之路, 对其进行科学的适宜性评价能合理规划改造进程, 对提高丘陵山地“宜机化”改造的效率和准度具有重要意义。本文选取高程、坡度和地块破碎度等3个地形限制因素, 以重庆市各区县为评价单元, 结合GIS空间分析功能及数据包络法(DEA), 对耕地进行“宜机化”改造适宜性评价。结果表明: 1)重庆市耕地小而碎, 主要分布在中部和西部。2)耕地主要分布在坡度为6°~15°、海拔高度为200~500 m区域, 其中海拔在300~400 m范围内的耕地是“宜机化”改造最理想的区域, 占主要耕地的48.88%。3)通过自然间断点分级法(Jenks)将综合地形复杂度指数分段后得到6个适宜程度: 非常适宜、适宜、比较适宜、比较不适宜、不适宜和非常不适宜; 低于平均地形复杂度指数值的区县共25个, 包括处于非常适宜区的潼南区等9个区县、处于适宜区的璧山区等7个区县和处于比较适宜区的綦江区等9个区县。评价结果与重庆市地貌格局高度重合, 建议优先考虑在适宜性程度高的区县进行“宜机化”改造。因此, 在GIS空间分析功能的支撑下, 基于地形复杂度的适宜性评价方法能有效评价丘陵山地耕地“宜机化”改造的适宜性, 对耕地坡度<15°的区域进行“宜机化”改造将大大提升重庆市农业机械化程度, 重庆市耕地“宜机化”改造潜力大。Abstract: Suitable-for-mechanization transformation is the fundamental way to promote the development of agricultural mechanization in hilly areas. Scientific evaluation of its suitability can reasonably plan the transformation process, which is significant in improving the efficiency and accuracy of agriculture mechanized transformation in hilly areas. The study selected three topographic limiting factors: elevation, slope and fragmentation with different districts and counties in Chongqing as evaluation units, to evaluate the suitability of suitable-for-mechanization transformation of cultivated land by integrating GIS spatial analysis function and data envelopment method (DEA). The results showed that: 1) the cultivated land plots in Chongqing was small and fragmented, mainly distributed in the central and western regions. The area and density of cultivated land in the eastern part of Chongqing were obviously less than that in other regions, consistent with the topography of high in the east and low in the west. The spatial distribution characteristics of paddy field and cultivated land were similar, and the terrain requirement of dryland was lower than that of paddy field. 2) The cultivated land was mainly distributed in the slope of 6°−15° and the elevation of 200−500 m, among which the cultivated land with the elevation of 300−400 m was the most ideal area for mechanization transformation, accounting for 48.88% of the main cultivated land. 3) According to the classification method of natural disjunctions (Jenks), the comprehensive topographical complexity index was segmented into six sections of the suitability degree of mechanization reconstruction in Chongqing City including very suitable, suitable, relatively suitable, relatively unsuitable, unsuitable and very unsuitable. The average value of terrain complexity index of each district and county was 0.925, and a total of 25 districts and counties were below that index, including 9 districts and counties in the very suitable area such as Tongnan District, 7 districts and counties in the suitable area such as Bishan District, and 9 districts and counties in the relatively suitable area such as Qijiang District, which were relatively suitable. The evaluation results, which consider the limiting factors of developing the agricultural mechanization of hilly areas, were highly coincident with the actual geomorphic layout of Chongqing City, which was conducive to group integrated development. So it is suggested that the places with high suitability should be given priority for mechanization reconstruction for further landing. Therefore, the suitability evaluation method based on the terrain complexity can effectively evaluate the suitability of hilly mountain land in reconstructing appropriate machine for cultivated land, with the support of GIS spatial analysis function. Futrthermore, the appropriate machine renovation for the cultivated land located in a region of gradient less than 15° will greatly improve the degree of agricultural mechanization in Chongqing municipality; thus, the appropriate machine reconstruction for cultivated land is potential.
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Key words:
- Chongqing City /
- Terrain complexity /
- Suitable for mechanization /
- Suitability evaluation
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图 2 重庆市不同级别海拔、坡度地形分布图
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of cultivated land at different elevations and slopes in Chongqing
图 3 重庆市耕地“宜机化”整治适宜性分级
Figure 3. Classification of suitability of “mechanicalization” of cultivated land in Chongqing
表 1 2018年重庆市各区县耕地面积统计表
Table 1. Statistics of cultivated land areas in various districts (counties) of Chongqing in 2018
km² 地域范围
Territorial scope行政区
Administrative district耕地
Cultivated land耕地 Cultivated land 水田 Paddy field 旱地 Dry land 中心城区
Central urban area渝中区 Yuzhong District 0 0 0 大渡口 Dadukou District 35.86 11.73 24.13 江北区 Jiangbei District 77.96 31.36 46.60 南岸区 Nan’an District 118.95 55.76 63.19 沙坪坝区 Shapingba District 172.16 90.09 82.07 九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District 195.86 72.78 123.08 巴南区 Banan District 1351.01 503.28 847.73 北碚区 Beibei District 436.04 132.47 303.57 渝北区 Yubei District 863.37 279.59 583.78 主城新区
New developed area of city万盛经济技术开发区
Wansheng Economic and Technological Development Zone251.63 52.47 199.16 璧山区 Bishan District 634.25 333.00 301.25 长寿区 Changshou District 995.95 555.54 440.42 荣昌区 Rongchang District 890.18 266.92 623.25 永川区 Yongchuan District 1042.19 259.41 782.78 铜梁区 Tongliang District 1072.06 583.54 488.52 綦江区 Qijiang District 1156.51 407.01 749.51 潼南区 Tongnan District 1428.10 484.61 943.49 涪陵区 Fuling District 1586.12 678.09 908.03 江津区 Jiangjin District 1532.61 412.57 1120.04 南川区 Nanchuan District 965.47 300.79 664.69 合川区 Hechuan District 1911.50 689.59 1221.91 大足区 Dazu District 1206.91 429.93 776.98 渝东北地区
Northeast Chongqing area城口县 Chengkou County 797.43 41.14 756.29 巫山县 Wushan County 750.52 24.26 726.25 巫溪县 Wuxi County 1063.99 24.98 1039.01 奉节县 Fengjie County 1162.17 144.50 1017.67 丰都县 Fengdu County 1318.78 367.20 951.57 垫江县 Dianjiang County 1257.55 714.77 542.78 云阳县 Yunyang County 1443.52 166.62 1276.90 开州县 Kaizhou County 2019.41 506.85 1512.56 万州区 Wanzhou District 1721.26 464.43 1256.83 梁平区 Liangping District 1239.73 636.00 603.73 忠县 Zhong County 1274.83 336.16 938.66 渝东南地区
Southeast Chongqing area石柱土家族自治县
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County915.84 284.57 631.28 黔江区 Qianjiang District 711.10 250.14 460.96 武隆区 Wulong District 821.41 121.97 699.45 秀山土家族苗族自治县
Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County594.62 114.18 480.44 彭水苗族土家族自治县
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County1195.97 210.71 985.25 酉阳土家族苗族自治县
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County1334.46 181.19 1153.27 总计 Sum 37 547.29 11 220.21 26 327.09 
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表 2 重庆市海拔高程与坡度分级组合下耕地面积统计
Table 2. Statistics of cultivated land area under the combination of altitude and slope in Chongqing
海拔高程
Altitude (m)地形坡度 Slope 总计
Sum (km²)占比
Proportion (%)<4° 4°~6° 6°~10° 10°~15° 15°~25° 33~200 0.04 5.40 25.58 44.82 8.10 83.93 0.27 200~300 4.99 339.07 2274.45 1896.25 130.80 4645.55 14.83 300~400 4.90 395.82 4006.79 5109.17 389.93 9906.61 31.63 400~500 0.79 48.38 2339.56 3022.82 771.73 6183.28 19.74 500~1000 0.12 9.31 543.39 4662.58 3226.08 8441.48 26.95 1000~1500 0.00 0.16 42.52 747.00 981.00 1770.68 5.65 1500~2743 0.00 0.54 17.31 104.51 167.94 290.30 0.93 总计 Sum (km²) 10.84 798.67 9249.60 15 587.16 5675.57 31 321.84 100.00 占比 Proportion (%) 0.03 2.55 29.53 49.76 18.12 100.00
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表 3 重庆市各区县耕地地形因子复杂度及综合地形复杂度结果
Table 3. Complexities of topographic factors and the comprehensive topographic complexity of cultivated land in various districts (counties) of Chongqing
行政区
Administrative district海拔复杂度
Altitude complexity (CE1)坡度复杂度
Slope complexity (CE2)地块破碎度
Land fragmentation (CE3)综合地形复杂度
Comprehensive topographic
complexity (CE)潼南区 Tongnan District 0.229 0.373 0.733 0.452 永川区 Yongchuan District 0.249 0.291 0.900 0.486 大足区 Dazu District 0.238 0.336 0.870 0.488 荣昌区 Rongchang District 0.263 0.369 0.902 0.518 合川区 Hechuan District 0.196 0.367 0.963 0.519 开州县 Kaizhou County 0.180 0.482 0.954 0.552 万州区 Wanzhou District 0.293 0.438 0.980 0.579 长寿区 Changshou District 0.318 0.370 1.036 0.581 涪陵区 Fuling District 0.218 0.334 1.212 0.598 璧山区 Bishan District 0.252 0.305 1.328 0.637 江津区 Jiangjin District 0.136 0.306 1.440 0.641 铜梁区 Tongliang District 0.178 0.349 1.359 0.641 丰都县 Fengdu County 0.210 0.436 1.243 0.642 垫江县 Dianjiang County 0.164 0.371 1.48 0.686 北碚区 Beibei District 0.175 0.408 1.434 0.687 梁平区 Liangping District 0.290 0.299 1.455 0.689 綦江区 Qijiang District 0.358 0.489 1.232 0.702 渝北区 Yubei District 0.175 0.398 1.592 0.737 巴南区 Banan District 0.419 0.320 1.585 0.780 万盛经济技术开发区
Wansheng Economic and Technological
Development Zone0.323 0.519 1.568 0.817 石柱土家族自治县
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County0.438 0.370 1.635 0.820 云阳县 Yunyang County 1.894 0.502 1.793 1.359 忠县 Zhong County 1.438 0.448 0.832 0.876 沙坪坝区 Shapingba District 0.331 0.320 1.966 0.883 九龙坡区 Jiulongpo District 0.270 0.220 2.201 0.909 南岸区 Nan’an District 0.335 0.452 2.467 1.102 黔江区 Qianjiang District 0.327 0.392 2.952 1.243 南川区 Nanchuan District 0.302 0.419 2.96 1.248 江北区 Jiangbei District 0.243 0.452 3.059 1.276 大渡口区 Dadukou District 0.220 0.445 3.125 1.289 武隆区 Wulong District 0.251 0.400 3.195 1.306 彭水苗族土家族自治县
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County0.465 0.290 3.222 1.339 巫溪县 Wuxi County 0.445 0.345 3.426 1.422 酉阳土家族苗族自治县
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County0.250 0.433 3.506 1.422 奉节县 Fengjie County 1.099 0.413 2.989 1.494 秀山土家族苗族自治县
Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County0.247 0.383 3.336 1.286 巫山县 Wushan County 1.438 0.493 3.267 1.720 城口县 Chengkou County 0.402 0.628 4.375 1.834
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