农户保护重要农业文化遗产主观意愿评价

苏炎芳; 王思远; 黎尔纳; 廖森泰

doi:10.12357/cjea.20210472

农户保护重要农业文化遗产主观意愿评价以广东佛山基塘农业系统为例

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210472

广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所/农业农村部功能食品重点实验室/ 广东省农产品加工重点实验室/广东省珠三角基塘农业工程技术研究中心　广州　510610

基金项目: 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系、广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金(2021KJ124)、亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室开放研究基金(20200732)和高水平广东省农业科技示范市建设资金市院合作项目资助

详细信息

作者简介:
苏炎芳, 主要研究方向为农业文化遗产活态保护。E-mail: 834645187@qq.com

通讯作者:
廖森泰, 主要研究方向为蚕桑资源综合利用、农业资源开发与规划。E-mail: liaost@163.com

中图分类号: F323.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-19
- 录用日期: 2021-11-12
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-07

Evaluation of farmers’ subjective willingness to protect important agricultural heritage systems: A case study of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System, Foshan, Guangdong

Sericultural and Agri-food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing / Pearl River Delta Dike-Pond Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510610, China

Funds: The study was supported by China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Special Fund for Building an Innovation Team for the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System in Guangdong Province (2021KJ124), the Open Research Fund of the Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science (20200732) and the Municipal Cooperation Project of High-level Guangdong Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration City Construction.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: liaost@163.com

摘要

摘要: 农户是重要农业文化遗产保护多方参与机制中的重要组成部分, 考察和评价农户保护重要农业文化遗产的主观意愿, 对指导重要农业文化遗产的保护和可持续发展具有深远意义。基于情境互动下农户参与遗产保护的分析框架, 本文以中国重要农业文化遗产——广东佛山基塘农业系统为例, 采用Q方法进行研究设计, 通过与调查对象进行深度访谈后邀请调查对象自愿对遗产保护Q陈述进行排序。结果显示: 1) PQ Method 2.35软件提取了F1、F2、F3和F4共4个具有代表性因子, 其特征根分别是10.334、4.028、2.741和1.891, 经因子旋转4个因子均被接受解释。根据各因子得分将农户保护意愿划分为潜在保护意愿导向型、回避保护意愿导向型、原生保护意愿导向型和开发保护意愿导向型共4种类型。2)受访对象保护遗产意愿与其年龄、学历和是否务农的关系较为密切。其中老年小农户主要持低保护意愿, 而大规模养殖农户主要是潜在保护意愿群体。3)不同保护意愿的农户在认知、态度和行为3个方面存在明显差异。持原生保护意愿和开发保护意愿的农户对遗产保护认知较高, 不同的是两者注重的保护方式不同。持回避保护意愿的农户不关注遗产保护, 强调政府作用, 其中弱认知和生计困境是导致其低保护意愿的主要原因。基于此, 为了提高遗产地农户保护遗产意愿, 发挥农户参与保护基塘农业系统的主体作用, 建议提高整体农户对重要农业文化遗产的认识、强化遗产地农户生计保障措施、激发潜在保护意愿农户的保护潜能和提升农户参与遗产保护的能力。
- 中国重要农业文化遗产 /
- 农户保护意愿 /
- Q方法 /
- 佛山基塘农业系统 /
- 广东
Abstract: Farmers play an essential role in multi-stakeholder collaborative mechanisms for the protection of important agricultural heritage systems. Investigating and evaluating the subjective willingness of farmers to protect agricultural heritage systems is of great significance for guiding the protection and sustainable development of important agricultural heritage systems. However, insufficient farmer participation has caused heritage protection to face various practical challenges, and it is necessary to study the subjective willingness of farmers. Using the analytical framework of farmers’ participation in heritage protection under situational interaction, this study employed the Dike-Pond Agricultural System in Foshan, Guangdong (one of China’s Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) as an example and adopted the Q methodology for research design. Farmers were invited to rank the Q statements of heritage protection voluntarily after in-depth interviews. The Q-Sorts data were analyzed using the PQ Method 2.35 software, and the cognition, emotion, attitude, and behavior of farmers with different protection intentions were further discussed and compared. The results showed the following: 1) The software extracted four representative factors. Their eigenvalues were 10.334, 4.028, 2.741, and 1.891, and four factors were accepted and interpreted after factor rotation. According to the scores of each statement, farmers’ protection willingness was divided into four types: potential protection willingness oriented, avoidance protection willingness oriented, native protection willingness oriented, and development protection willingness oriented. 2) The willingness of farmers to protect the heritage was closely related to their age, educational background, and work in agriculture. Among them, elderly small-scaled farmers mainly have low protection willingness, while large-scaled farmers were groups with potential protection willingness. 3) There were obvious differences in the three aspects of cognition, attitude, and behavior among farmers with different degrees of willingness to protect. Native protection willingness-oriented and development protection willingness-oriented farmers had a higher awareness of heritage protection than the other farmers, but the difference was that they focused on different protection methods. Avoidance protection willingness-oriented farmers did not pay attention to heritage protection and emphasized the role of the government. Among them, weak cognition and livelihood difficulties were the main reasons for farmers’ low willingness to protect. The innovative aspect of this study was to comprehensively use qualitative and quantitative methods of Q methodology to design research to explore farmers’ willingness to protect from their subjective vocabulary and summarize and analyze different protection willingness types. To increase the willingness of farmers to protect heritage sites and fulfill their role in protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System, it is necessary to improve farmers’ understanding of important agricultural heritage systems, strengthen the livelihood guarantees for farmers in heritage areas, stimulate the protection potential of farmers with potential protection willingness, and enhance their ability to participate in heritage protection.
- China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems /
- Farmers’ willingness to protect /
- Q methodology /
- Dike-Pond Agricultural System in Foshan /
- Guangdong

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图 1 情境互动下农户保护重要农业文化遗产分析框架

Figure 1. Analytical framework of farmers’ protection of important agriculture heritage systems under situational interaction

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图 2 Q分类11级强制频率分布表(N=36)

Figure 2. Eleven-level mandatory frequency distribution chart of Q sort (N=36)

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表 3 农户保护重要农业文化遗产基塘农业系统的主观意愿Q模型

Table 3. The Q model of farmers’ subjective willingness to protect important agricultural heritage system of the Dike-Pond Agricultrual System

序号 No.	Q陈述内容 Q statement	F1	F2	F3	F4
1	如果能够参与基塘农业系统的保护, 我会感到荣幸 I will feel honored if I can participate in the protection of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	0	1	1	0
2	我愿意直接参与农业文化遗产的保护工作 I am willing to directly participate in the protection of important agricultural heritage systems.	−4	2	0	3
3	保护基塘农业系统政府占主导地位 The government plays a leading role in protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−3	−1	−1	−2
4	保护好基塘农业系统不利于现代农业的发展 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is not conducive to the development of modern agriculture.	−3	−4	−3	−3
5	基塘农业系统的保护不利于我的就业生计 The protection of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is not conducive to my income.	−5	4	2	−2
6	我了解基塘农业系统保护与发展的目的和意义 I understand the purpose and significance of the protection and development of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	1	−1	0	0
7	多渠道的资金投入有利于遗产的保护和发展 Multi-channel funding is conducive to the protection and development of heritage.	2	3	1	3
8	基塘农业规模化经营有利于遗产的保护 The large-scale operation of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is conducive to the protection of heritage.	2	−3	−2	1
9	我会支持遗产地设立生态博物馆进行遗产保护 I will support the establishment of ecological museums in heritage sites for heritage protection.	2	−5	2	3
10	保护农业文化遗产是政府有关部门的责任 The protection of agricultural heritage system is the responsibility of relevant government departments.	0	4	−1	−1
11	我会关注基塘农业系统的新闻报道 I will pay attention to news reports on the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	1	1	2	−2
12	我阅读过有关基塘农业的文献书籍 I have read literature about the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−2	0	−3	−2
13	建设生态博物馆有利于保护农业文化遗产 The construction of an ecological museum is conducive to the protection of agricultural heritage systems.	−1	1	−2	2
14	我们参与遗产保护就可以了, 不需要外界干涉 It is enough for us to participate in heritage protection, without external interference.	0	0	−2	−4
15	我了解生态博物馆的章程和规定 I understand the rules and regulations of the eco-museum.	−1	0	−1	0
16	我会继承和发展传统基塘农业生产技术 I will inherit and develop the traditional production technolgy of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	3	1	4	−5
17	掌握绿色生产技术有利于保护基塘农业系统 Mastering the green production technology is conducive to protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	3	2	2	4
18	基塘农业系统影响着我们一代又一代人 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System affects us from generation to generation.	5	5	3	4
19	基塘农业系统是落后的传统农业系统 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System is a backward traditional agricultural system.	0	−2	−3	−3
20	政府牵头建设生态博物馆, 我会尽力支持 The government takes the lead in building an eco-museum, and I will try my best to support it.	4	0	1	0
21	在保护过程中政府有必要给予适当补贴 In the protection process, it is necessary for the government to provide appropriate subsidies.	3	3	−1	1
22	我会主动学习生态博物馆的运作和管理知识 I will actively learn about the operation and management of the eco-museum.	−1	−1	3	−1
23	我会关注基塘农业系统保护和发展的最新近况 I will pay attention to the latest status of the protection and development of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−2	−2	−1	−1
24	我会继承和发扬农业文化遗产的民俗文化 I will inherit and carry forward the folk culture of important agricultural heritage system.	0	0	0	0
25	我会更注重基塘农业生物多样性保护 I will pay more attention to the protection of agricultural biodiversity in the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−1	−1	0	0
26	我会更注重基塘农业系统景观保护 I will pay more attention to the landscape protection of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−2	−2	0	2
27	我不会向身边人分享保护农业文化遗产的内容 I will not share the content of protecting agricultural cultural heritage with people around me.	−1	−2	−2	−1
28	基塘农业传统生产技术已不适应时代的发展 The traditional technology of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System has not adapted to the development of the times.	−2	−3	−4	2
29	基塘农业的保护就是传统农业技术的复原 The protection of the dike-pond agriculture is the restoration of traditional agricultural technology.	−3	−3	0	−3
30	我会主动向有关部门提出设立生态博物馆的申请 I will take the initiative to submit an application for the establishment of an ecological museum to the relevant departments.	1	0	3	−1
31	遇到破坏基塘农业系统的行为, 我不会举报 I will not report any behavior that damages the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−4	−1	−5	−4
32	我从小就接触基塘农业的耕作劳动 I have been exposed to the farming labor of the dike-pond agriculture since I was a child.	0	2	1	1
33	保护好基塘农业系统需要我们积极参与 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System requires our active participation.	4	−4	5	5
34	我熟悉基塘农业系统的传统文化及节日 I am familiar with the traditional culture and festivals of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	1	2	4	1
35	对外来游客我会乐意讲解和分析传统技术 For tourists, I will be happy to explain and analyze traditional techniques.	2	1	4	1
36	生态农业的开发是保护和发展的重要途径 The development of ecological agriculture is an important way of protection and development.	1	3	−4	2

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表 1 Q分类中P样本的特征根及其解释比例

Table 1. The P sample eigenvalues and its explanatory percentages in Q-sorts

因子序号 Factor No.	特征根 Eigenvalue	解释样本的比例 Explanatory percentage (%)	累计解释样本的比例 Cumulative percentage (%)
1	10.334	41.337	41.337
2	4.028	16.112	57.449
3	2.741	10.962	68.411
4	1.891	7.564	75.975
5	0.894	3.575	79.550
6	0.751	3.000	82.554
7	0.726	2.904	85.460
8	0.630	2.520	87.978

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表 2 各有效因子样本落点数量及其解释比例

Table 2. The numbers and its explanatory percentages of each effective factors

项目 Item	F1	F2	F3	F4
样本记录落在因子上的个数 Number of sample records falling on the factor	7	5	8	4
解释样本的比例 Explanatory percentage of the sample (%)	24	18	21	13

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表 4 潜在保护意愿农户的两端陈述及其得分

Table 4. The statement of both ends and its score of potential protection willingness-oriented farmers

序号 No.	陈述内容 Statement	Z得分 Z-score
18	基塘农业系统影响着我们一代又一代人 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System affects us from generation to generation.	1.997
20	政府牵头建设生态博物馆, 我会尽力支持 The government takes the lead in building an eco-museum, and I will try my best to support it.	1.851
33	保护好基塘农业系统需要我们积极参与 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System requires our active participation.	1.583
17	掌握绿色生产技术有利于保护基塘农业系统 Mastering the green production technology is conducive to protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	1.103
29	基塘农业的保护就是传统农业技术的复原 The protection of the dike-pond agriculture is the restoration of traditional agricultural technology.	−1.292
31	遇到破坏基塘农业系统的行为, 我不会举报 I will not report any behavior that damages the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−1.420
2	我愿意直接参与农业文化遗产的保护工作 I am willing to directly participate in the protection of agricultural cultural heritage.	−1.774
5	基塘农业系统的保护不利于我的就业生计 The protection of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is not conducive to my employment and livelihood.	−2.285

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表 5 回避保护意愿农户两端陈述及其得分

Table 5. The statement of both ends and its score of avoidance protection willingness-oriented farmers

序号 No.	陈述内容 Statement	Z得分 Z-score
18	基塘农业系统影响着我们一代又一代人 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System affects us from generation to generation.	2.087
5	基塘农业系统的保护不利于我的就业生计 The protection of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is not conducive to my employment and livelihood.	2.033
10	保护农业文化遗产是政府有关部门的责任 The protection of agricultural cultural heritage is the responsibility of relevant government departments.	1.659
21	在保护过程中政府有必要给予适当补贴 In the protection process, it is necessary for the government to provide appropriate subsidies.	1.174
29	基塘农业的保护就是传统农业技术的复原 The protection of the dike-pond agriculture is the restoration of traditional agricultural technology.	−1.299
4	保护好基塘农业系统不利于现代农业的发展 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System is not conducive to the development of modern agriculture.	−1.647
33	保护好基塘农业系统需要我们积极参与 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System requires our active participation.	−1.943
9	我会支持遗产地设立生态博物馆进行遗产保护 I will support the establishment of ecological museums in heritage sites for heritage protection.	−2.102

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表 6 原生保护意愿农户两端陈述及其得分

Table 6. The statement of both ends and its score of native protection willingness-oriented farmers

序号 No.	陈述内容 Statement	Z得分 Z-score
33	保护好基塘农业系统需要我们积极参与 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System requires our active participation.	1.864
35	对外来游客我会乐意讲解和分析传统技术 For tourists, I will be happy to explain and analyze traditional techniques.	1.757
16	我会继承和发展传统基塘农业生产技术 I will inherit and develop traditional dike-pond agricultural production technology.	1.750
18	基塘农业系统影响着我们一代又一代人 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System affects us from generation to generation.	1.747
19	基塘农业系统是落后的传统农业系统 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System is a backward traditional agricultural system.	−1.427
36	生态农业的开发是保护和发展的重要途径 The development of ecological agriculture is an important way of protection and development.	−1.444
28	基塘农业传统生产技术已不适应时代的发展 The traditional technology of the Dike-Pond Agricultural System has not adapted to the development of the times.	−1.590
31	遇到破坏基塘农业系统的行为, 我不会举报 I will not report any behavior that damages the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−1.849

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表 7 开发保护意愿农户两端陈述及其得分

Table 7. The statement of both ends and its score of development protection willingness-oriented farmers

序号 No.	陈述内容 Statement	Z得分 Z-score
33	保护好基塘农业系统需要我们积极参与 Protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System requires our active participation.	1.969
17	掌握绿色生产技术有利于保护基塘农业系统 Mastering the green production technology is conducive to protecting the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	1.624
18	基塘农业系统影响着我们一代又一代人 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System affects us from generation to generation.	1.541
7	多渠道的资金投入有利于遗产的保护和发展 Multi-channel funding is conducive to the protection and development of heritage.	1.470
19	基塘农业系统是落后的传统农业系统 The Dike-Pond Agricultural System is a backward traditional agricultural system.	−1.035
14	我们参与遗产保护就可以了, 不需要外界干涉 It is enough for us to participate in heritage protection, without external interference.	−1.906
31	遇到破坏基塘农业系统的行为, 我不会举报 I will not report any behavior that damages the Dike-Pond Agricultural System.	−1.912
16	我会继承和发展传统基塘农业生产技术 I will inherit and develop traditional dike-pond agricultural production technology.	−2.094

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