Effect of chicken manure addition on humification of vegetable waste in composting process
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摘要: 蔬菜废弃物是富含有机质和氮磷养分的潜在有机肥资源, 然而高木质纤维素含量制约了堆肥进程, 添加鸡粪可加快木质纤维素的降解, 而目前关于鸡粪添加量对蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中腐殖化的影响尚不清楚。本文以黄化干枯后的甜瓜秧为原料(对照, CK), 添加不同比例鸡粪(25%、50%)进行高温好氧堆肥, 通过分析堆肥过程中的温度、碳氮变化、木质纤维素、腐殖质及种子发芽指数等指标, 解析鸡粪活性物质添加对蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中木质纤维素降解及腐殖化过程的影响。结果表明, 鸡粪添加提高了初始物料活性碳氮(可溶性有机碳和可溶性氮)含量, 加速堆肥升温并延长了堆肥高温期时间。50%鸡粪添加(CM50)显著促进了有机质和木质纤维素降解, 较CK有机质和木质纤维素降解率分别提高18.5%和16.9%, 但腐殖酸含量并无明显提高; 适量鸡粪添加(25%)可有效促进腐殖酸的生成, 其含量较CK和CM50处理分别提高56.7%和48.6%。多种腐熟指标表明, 添加25%鸡粪处理腐熟程度最高, 其腐殖化指数、聚合度、发芽指数分别为14%、3.5和83%。冗余分析(RDA)表明, 可溶性有机碳、木质纤维素、富里酸的降解及腐殖酸的形成是促进堆肥腐熟的关键因素。因此, 鸡粪添加可显著促进蔬菜废弃物中木制纤维素的降解, 然而过量鸡粪添加会导致木质纤维素被完全矿化而损失, 不利于腐殖酸的形成。适量添加鸡粪是加快蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中木质纤维素降解并促成腐殖酸形成的关键。研究结果可为蔬菜废弃物堆肥工业化生产提供理论依据。Abstract: In the process of vegetable production and processing, a lot of wastes are produced. Vegetable waste is a potential organic fertilizer source, rich in organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus nutrients, and composting is an important way to realize vegetable wastes utilization. However, the high lignocellulose content restricts the composting process, and the addition of chicken manure can accelerate lignocellulose degradation. However, the effect of the chicken manure on the humification of vegetable wastes in the composting process is still unclear. It is necessary to investigate the effects of chicken manure on lignocellulose degradation and humification during vegetable waste composting. The yellowed and dried melon vines were used as raw material (CK), and different proportions of chicken manure (25%, 50%) were added for aerobic composting. By analyzing the temperature, carbon and nitrogen changes, lignocellulose, humus, and seed germination index in the composting process, the effects of active substances added from chicken manure on lignocellulosic degradation and humification in the composting process of vegetable wastes were discussed. The results showed that the addition of chicken manure increased the content of active carbon and nitrogen (dissolved organic carbon and soluble nitrogen) of the initial materials, accelerated the temperature rise of the compost, and prolonged the high-temperature period of composting. The addition of 25% (CM25) and 50% (CM50) chicken manure promoted the degradation of lignocellulose and organic matter, with the highest degradation rates of lignocellulose reaching 61% and 69%, and those of total organic matter reaching 53% and 64%, respectively. The ideal addition of chicken manure (25%) effectively promoted the generation of humic acid, and the content of humic acid in CM25 treatment increased by 56.7% and 48.6% compared with CK and CM50 treatment, respectively. Interestingly, the CM50 treatment significantly promoted the degradation of organic matter and lignocellulose, and the degradation rates of organic matter and lignocellulose increased by 18.5% and 16.9%, respectively, compared with CK. However, the humic acid content was not significantly increased when the addition dosage of chicken manure increased to 50% since the lignocellulose tended to be completely degraded to CO2. The results showed that treatment with 25% chicken manure had achieved the best performance on maturity parameters, the humification index, degree of polymerization, and germination index reached 14%, 3.5, and 83%, respectively. RDA analysis showed that the degradation of soluble organic carbon, lignocellulose, fulvic acid, and the formation of humic acid were the key factors to promote compost maturity. Therefore, the addition of chicken manure could significantly promote the degradation of lignocellulose in vegetable wastes. However, adding excessive amount of chicken manure lead to the complete degradation of lignocellulose and mineralization and CO2 emissions, which is not conducive to humic acid formation. Appropriate addition of chicken manure is the key to accelerating the lignocellulosic degradation and promoting the formation of humic acid in the composting process of melon straw. The results can provide a theoretical basis for industrial production.
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Key words:
- Composting /
- Vegetable waste /
- Chicken manure /
- Lignocellulose /
- Humification /
- Maturity
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图 2 添加不同比例鸡粪下堆肥过程中有机质含量及木质纤维素含量的变化
CK: 对照; CM25: 添加25%鸡粪处理; CM50: 添加50%鸡粪处理。CK: control; CM25: treatment of adding 25% chicken manure; CM50: treatment of adding 50% chicken manure.
Figure 2. Variation of organic matter content and lignocellulose content during composting under different addition rates of chicken manure
图 4 添加不同比例鸡粪下堆肥过程中腐熟程度的变化
CK: 对照; CM25: 添加25%鸡粪处理; CM50: 添加50%鸡粪处理。HA/FA: 聚合度, 为腐殖酸与富里酸的比例。CK: control; CM25: treatment of adding 25% chicken manure; CM50: treatment of adding 50% chicken manure. HA/FA: degree of polymerization, ratio of fulvic acid to hmmic acid.
Figure 4. Variation of maturity degrees during composting under different addition rates of chicken manure
图 5 堆肥腐熟程度与各理化参数之间的关系 (a: 理化性质与腐熟程度之间冗余分析; b: 理化因子对腐熟程度解释方差百分比)
DOC: 可溶性有机碳; Lce: 木质纤维素; HA: 腐殖酸; FA: 富里酸; SN: 可溶性氮; OM: 有机质; HI: 腐殖化指数; Tem: 温度; TN: 总氮; GI: 发芽指数。DOC: dissolved organic carbon; Lce: lignocellulose; HA: humic acid; FA: fulvic acid; SN: soluble nitrogen; OM: organic matter; HI: humus index; Tem: temperature; TN: total nitrogen; GI: germination index.
Figure 5. Relationship between maturity degree of decomposition and physical and chemical parameters (a: redundancy analysis between physicochemical properties and maturity degre; b: percentage of variance explained by physicochemical properties to maturity degree)
表 1 堆肥材料的理化性状
Table 1. Characters of composting materials
试验材料
Material含水率
Moisture content (%)总碳1)
Total carbon1) (%)总氮1)
Total nitrogen1) (%)碳氮比1)
C/N1)pH 电导率
Electrical conductivity
(mS∙cm−1)瓜秧 Melon vine 13.38±0.43 44.10±0.52 2.68±0.014 16.45±0.11 6.05±0.08 18.72±0.11 鸡粪 Chicken manure 69.31±0.44 25.66±0.16 2.96±0.02 8.67±0.03 7.48±0.02 5.99±0.12 1) : 基于物料干重。1): based on dry weight of material. 表 2 试验处理及初始理化性质
Table 2. Experimental treatments and initial physicochemical properties
处理
Treatment瓜秧比例1)
Melon vine
proportion1) (%)鸡粪比例1)
Chicken manure
proportion1) (%)有机质2)
Organic matter
content2) (%)初始含水率
Initial moisture
content (%)初始碳氮比2)
Initial C/N2)初始pH
Initial pHCK 100 0 76.03±0.14 60.88±0.86 16.47±0.02 6.49±0.20 CM25 75 25 72.99±0.39 60.95±0.65 15.76±0.07 6.51±0.02 CM50 50 50 71.80±0.05 60.72±1.76 15.27±0.01 7.02±0.01 1): 基于物料鲜重; 2)基于物料干重。CK: 对照; CM25: 添加25%鸡粪处理; CM50: 添加50%鸡粪处理。1): based on wet weight of material; 2): based on dry weight of material. CK: control; CM25: treatment of adding 25% chicken manure; CM50: treatment of adding 50% chicken manure. -
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