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麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻根际环境及根系形态的影响

张宇杰 马鹏 王志强 杨志远 孙永健 马均

张宇杰, 马鹏, 王志强, 杨志远, 孙永健, 马均. 麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻根际环境及根系形态的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 924−936 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210552
引用本文: 张宇杰, 马鹏, 王志强, 杨志远, 孙永健, 马均. 麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻根际环境及根系形态的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 924−936 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210552
ZHANG Y J, MA P, WANG Z Q, YANG Z Y, SUN Y J, MA J. Water-nitrogen coupling influence on rhizosphere environment and root morphology of rice under wheat straw return[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 924−936 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210552
Citation: ZHANG Y J, MA P, WANG Z Q, YANG Z Y, SUN Y J, MA J. Water-nitrogen coupling influence on rhizosphere environment and root morphology of rice under wheat straw return[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 924−936 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210552

麦秆还田下水氮耦合对水稻根际环境及根系形态的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210552
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0301701, 2017YFD0301706, 2018YFD0301202)、高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室科技发展基金项目(2018-重点-05-01)和四川省科技支撑计划项目(2016NYZ0051)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张宇杰, 研究方向为作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术。E-mail: 380991504@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    马均, 主要研究方向为作物高产优质高效栽培理论与技术。E-mail: majunp2002@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S511

Water-nitrogen coupling influence on rhizosphere environment and root morphology of rice under wheat straw return

Funds: The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0301701, 2017YFD0301706, 2018YFD0301202), the Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Sichuan Key Laboratory of Rainstorm, Drought and Flood Disasters in Plateau and Basin (2018-KEY-05-01) and the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan (2016NYZ0051).
More Information
  • 摘要: 通过大田试验, 研究不同水分管理、秸秆还田和氮素处理与水稻根系形态建成的关系, 为成都平原秸秆还田下适宜水稻生长的水氮耦合模式的建立提供理论和实践依据。以杂交稻‘F优498’为材料, 设置不同水分[干湿交替灌溉(W1)、淹水灌溉(W2)]、氮肥运筹[总氮150 kg(N)∙hm−2, 基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥分别为3∶3∶4 (N1)、7∶3∶0 (N2)、不施氮(N0)]和秸秆还田[秸秆全量翻埋还田(S1)、秸秆不还田(S0)]处理, 研究在秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合对麦茬杂交籼稻根际环境及根系发育的影响。结果表明, 与W2相比, W1促进了拔节期前的秸秆腐解, 提高了拔节期后的根际土壤有机酸总量(1.38%~8.49%)和成熟期前的根际土壤微生物量碳含量(0.25%~12.93%), 提高了整个生育期根系活力(1.77%~149.91%)和除移栽后10 d与成熟期的群体根系形态指标(群体根长18.53%~75.83%、群体根数10.57%~101.33%、群体根体积2.49%~88.24%、群体根表面积8.91%~68.08%); W2提高了拔节期的有机酸总量(3.34%)和成熟期的微生物碳含量(2.69%~6.23%), 并促进了拔节期后的秸秆腐解和单茎根系发育(单茎根长12.03%~27.21%、单茎根数9.05%~51.44%)。秸秆还田(S1)与秸秆不还田(S0)相对比,S1会抑制根系形态发育并降低根系活力(2.47%~45.83%), 但能显著提高根际土壤有机酸总量(8.02%~22.74%)和微生物量碳、氮含量(1.58%~31.22%), 且在W1处理下提升效果更显著。施用氮肥能促进秸秆腐解, 并进一步增加根际土壤有机酸总量与微生物量碳、氮含量, 促进根系发育并提高根系活力。优化施氮模式(N1)与传统施氮模式(N2)相对比,N1可以促进单茎根系发育(单茎根长8.27%~38.09%、单茎根数2.96%~36.66%)与生育中后期的根系活力(2.26%~156.35%), N2则提高了群体根系指标(群体根体积12.68%~44.32%、群体根表面积4.91%~55.82%)和生育前期的根系活力(22.01%~29.31%)。干湿交替灌溉耦合优化施氮模式促进了各时期秸秆腐解, 显著加快了根系的生长发育, 并提高了根际土壤有机酸总量、微生物量碳、氮含量和根系活力, 延缓了根系衰老。综合来看, 在秸秆还田条件下, 干湿交替灌溉耦合优化施氮模式为最适水氮耦合模式。
  • 图  1  2019—2020年水稻生长季平均气温和降雨量

    Figure  1.  Mean temperature and precipitation during the growth seasons of rice in 2019 and 2020

    图  2  不同水氮耦合处理下水稻季秸秆腐解率随还田天数的变化

    各处理具体描述见表1。

    Figure  2.  Changes of straw decomposition rate with returning days in rice season under different treatments of water management and nitrogen application

    The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1.

    图  3  2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期根际土壤有机酸总量

    各处理具体描述见表1。不同小写字母表示同一生育期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

    Figure  3.  Changes of total organic acids contetns in rice rhizosphere soil at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2020

    The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. T-10 d: 10 days after transplanting; AS: active tillering stage; JS: jointing stage; JS-10 d: 10 days after jointing; HS: heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments at the same growth stage.

    图  4  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期群体根系伤流强度

    各处理具体描述见表1。不同小写字母表示同一生育期不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

    Figure  4.  Changes of root bleeding intensities of rice population at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. T-10 d: 10 days after transplanting; AS: active tillering stage; JS: jointing stage; JS-10 d: 10 days after jointing; HS: heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among treatments at the same growth stage.

    表  1  不同处理的水氮耦合模式及其秸秆还田方式

    Table  1.   Coupling modes of water-nitrogen and straw returning modes of different treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    水分管理模式
    Water management
    氮肥施用模式
    Nitrogen fertilizer (N)
    秸秆还田方式
    Straw returning (S)
    W1N1S1干湿交替灌溉
    Alternative dry-wet irrigation (W1)
    优化施氮模式
    Optimal nitrogen application (N1)
    全量翻埋还田
    Full-burying and returning (S1)
    W1N0S1干湿交替灌溉
    Alternative dry-wet irrigation (W1)
    不施氮
    No nitrogen fertilizer (N0)
    全量翻埋还田
    Full-burying and returning (S1)
    W1N0S0干湿交替灌溉
    Alternative dry-wet irrigation (W1)
    不施氮
    No nitrogen fertilizer (N0)
    不还田
    No returning (S0)
    W2N2S1淹水灌溉
    Submerged irrigation (W2)
    传统施氮模式
    Conventional nitrogen application (N2)
    全量翻埋还田
    Full-burying and returning (S1)
    W2N0S1淹水灌溉
    Submerged irrigation (W2)
    不施氮
    No nitrogen fertilizer (N0)
    全量翻埋还田
    Full-burying and returning (S1)
    W2N0S0淹水灌溉
    Submerged irrigation (W2)
    不施氮
    No nitrogen fertilizer (N0)
    不还田
    No returning (S0)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同水氮耦合处理下水稻季秸秆腐解率(y)随还田天数(x)变化的米氏方程拟合

    Table  2.   Michaelis-Menten equation fitting of straw decomposition rate (y) with returning days (x) in rice season under different treatments of water management and nitrogen application

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    米氏方程
    Michaelis-Menten equation
    R2Km (d)
    2019W1N1S1y=76.899x/(36.214+x)0.98936.214
    W1N0S1y=77.063x/(44.812+x)0.97844.812
    W2N2S1y=79.589x/(41.701+x)0.99641.701
    W2N0S1y=81.574x/(48.302+x)0.97948.302
    2020W1N1S1y=63.063x/(23.005+x)0.98923.005
    W1N0S1y=62.018x/(26.769+x)0.99226.769
    W2N2S1y=63.888x/(25.399+x)0.97925.399
    W2N0S1y=67.834x/(33.355+x)0.99233.355
      各处理具体描述见表1。Km: 达到最大秸秆腐解率一半时所需天数。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Km: days when half of the maximum straw decomposition rate is reached.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期根际土壤微生物量碳、氮含量

    Table  3.   Changes of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in rice rhizosphere at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    项目
    Index
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    mg∙kg−1 
    2019微生物量碳Microbial biomass
    carbon content
    W1N1S1507.75±16.70a458.17±26.19a590.21±79.78a664.49±51.96a671.14±55.37a569.03±22.84a
    W1N0S1502.48±6.80a443.38±6.20a492.78±43.23ab625.79±81.12ab639.20±44.16a562.55±10.86a
    W1N0S0423.37±5.11b429.75±25.87a468.47±36.36ab582.57±37.43ab614.88±55.92a553.78±16.54a
    W2N2S1463.01±16.84ab466.77±15.72a552.83±30.07a611.15±8.33ab642.50±20.32a561.14±67.74a
    W2N0S1428.20±12.33b439.49±57.04a422.58±37.53b605.44±12.18ab590.46±43.95a586.76±67.10a
    W2N0S0422.30±46.97b408.44±49.45a418.73±27.44b515.88±72.32b544.53±62.99a568.65±38.08a
    微生物量氮Microbial biomass
    nitrogen content
    W1N1S119.70±2.30a19.61±0.31ab19.52±2.26ab27.00±2.97a24.67±0.29a18.11±0.73a
    W1N0S115.74±1.69a18.53±1.06ab16.20±2.94b17.86±1.67b18.82±1.35b17.15±0.03a
    W1N0S015.13±2.47a15.16±2.40b16.35±1.19b15.67±2.96b15.71±3.52b16.32±0.88a
    W2N2S122.34±4.33a22.76±2.09a19.99±1.34ab19.82±3.29ab17.97±1.57b16.71±1.20a
    W2N0S118.66±2.70a20.83±3.15ab19.08±1.77a16.98±3.88b15.78±0.28b16.92±1.08a
    W2N0S016.18±2.83a16.63±4.34ab14.54±1.28b12.80±2.03b15.96±2.33b13.78±0.07b
    2020微生物量碳Microbial biomass
    carbon content
    W1N1S11022.64±25.37a1068.60±13.84a1055.08±14.68a919.01±35.99a1017.27±43.20a939.25±38.24a
    W1N0S1879.67±28.21bc987.08±40.90ab914.29±38.26b838.02±18.93abc865.70±7.90b730.86±8.04c
    W1N0S0833.21±18.90c877.55±29.96c871.88±38.52bc814.13±20.87bc795.96±33.23bc711.89±22.95c
    W2N2S1937.14±25.33b1013.50±19.45a932.65±23.91b879.28±42.33ab856.33±25.53b848.63±26.41b
    W2N0S1820.45±35.56c900.96±52.63bc909.63±31.94bc836.46±48.24abc790.79±30.56bc830.50±25.80b
    W2N0S0742.78±24.24d903.35±25.26bc832.10±20.51c772.39±21.87c742.20±20.12c756.27±29.23c
    微生物量氮Microbial biomass
    nitrogen content
    W1N1S119.93±1.37a22.37±1.18a19.23±0.37a20.78±0.59bc21.65±0.84a18.48±0.57a
    W1N0S119.36±1.04a16.61±1.21b17.78±0.62ab22.56±0.78ab17.72±0.34b15.76±0.96b
    W1N0S019.73±0.38a14.28±0.46c16.52±0.36b22.97±1.14a18.14±0.43b11.76±0.43c
    W2N2S119.05±0.48a18.21±0.54b18.77±0.08a24.17±0.78a21.30±0.36a19.22±0.86a
    W2N0S115.61±0.51b18.31±0.55b14.27±0.83c19.68±0.33c18.01±0.73b17.67±0.57a
    W2N0S014.50±0.45b17.44±0.49b14.72±0.92c17.42±0.32d15.71±0.80c13.53±0.53c
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期单茎根长

    Table  4.   Changes of rice roots length per stem at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    m 
    2019W1N1S10.62±0.04b1.10±0.09c2.85±0.17b3.58±0.25ab7.51±0.35ab6.29±0.21b
    W1N0S10.68±0.03ab1.56±0.03b2.76±0.19bc2.85±0.11c6.78±0.25bc5.76±0.41b
    W1N0S00.61±0.05b1.77±0.06a3.02±0.20b3.05±0.31bc7.10±0.55ab6.57±0.45b
    W2N2S10.45±0.02c1.10±0.04c3.00±0.11b3.60±0.33ab5.81±0.39c5.74±0.20b
    W2N0S10.67±0.03b1.63±0.08ab2.42±0.06c3.01±0.02bc7.06±0.31ab6.54±0.50b
    W2N0S00.80±0.08a1.79±0.09a3.64±0.04a3.88±0.19a8.02±0.40a7.82±0.40a
    2020W1N1S10.58±0.04cd1.32±0.07c4.06±0.17ab6.13±0.26a7.20±0.20b6.26±0.37ab
    W1N0S10.68±0.03bc1.52±0.05bc3.61±0.13c4.20±0.13cd7.18±0.11b6.24±0.35ab
    W1N0S00.57±0.04d1.88±0.06a4.18±0.10a5.63±0.33ab7.49±0.41b6.32±0.09ab
    W2N2S10.42±0.01e0.96±0.07d2.35±0.09d5.28±0.07b6.65±0.34b5.66±0.51b
    W2N0S10.72±0.05b1.54±0.13b2.33±0.12d3.78±0.28d7.11±0.21b6.36±0.40ab
    W2N0S00.86±0.05a1.61±0.07b3.77±0.17bc4.40±0.19c8.63±0.71a7.08±0.42a
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期单茎根数

    Table  5.   Changes of rice roots number per stem at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    2019W1N1S110.12±0.32b15.40±1.02b20.16±1.14ab29.19±1.67a55.08±2.38a40.63±1.61a
    W1N0S110.61±0.32b21.78±1.27a17.01±0.82c24.42±1.07c50.36±1.83a36.17±2.02ab
    W1N0S010.80±0.50b24.23±1.85a23.02±2.00a22.62±1.62c48.95±1.34a37.48±1.60ab
    W2N2S18.59±0.21c14.44±0.87b18.29±1.13bc28.35±2.03ab50.82±1.79a34.53±2.34b
    W2N0S114.03±0.58a23.94±0.94a18.58±0.67bc25.08±1.03bc53.71±2.68a37.19±1.76ab
    W2N0S014.65±0.81a24.77±2.43a21.18±0.37ab30.81±0.65a53.38±3.65a41.19±2.78a
    2020W1N1S19.75±0.42bc19.82±1.08bc25.91±0.59a43.81±2.18a60.87±2.55a42.84±0.28a
    W1N0S111.17±0.45b23.03±1.91ab25.16±1.31a25.05±1.27c48.51±3.16b39.40±2.18abc
    W1N0S011.19±0.53b25.48±1.01a25.17±1.37a27.04±1.09c51.56±3.33b35.35±1.63c
    W2N2S18.58±0.08c17.02±1.03c18.96±1.11c34.82±1.96b51.48±2.09b39.10±1.42abc
    W2N0S113.87±1.58a26.72±1.62a21.97±0.53b28.50±1.52c46.46±4.41b36.38±2.40bc
    W2N0S013.72±0.65a25.61±2.64a24.42±0.91ab40.95±2.93a49.35±2.7b41.19±3.39ab
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期群体根长

    Table  6.   Changes of roots length of population of rice at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    ×106 m∙hm−2 
    2019W1N1S10.46±0.02a1.85±0.21a5.94±0.35b6.65±0.61b12.14±0.89a11.04±0.89a
    W1N0S10.36±0.01c1.27±0.04b3.57±0.26c3.31±0.21d7.93±0.42c7.22±0.23cd
    W1N0S00.21±0.01d2.11±0.12a5.34±0.38b4.66±0.24c9.64±0.56b8.07±0.51bc
    W2N2S10.40±0.01b2.09±0.04a6.99±0.37a7.94±0.38a11.85±0.38a9.72±0.65ab
    W2N0S10.19±0.02d1.33±0.06b2.47±0.16d4.15±0.11cd8.76±0.28bc8.11±0.49bc
    W2N0S00.22±0.01d1.20±0.02b3.50±0.22c4.45±0.33c8.11±0.26c6.28±0.64d
    2020W1N1S10.41±0.02a3.01±0.10a7.13±0.30b11.86±0.28b14.17±1.46a10.97±1.05a
    W1N0S10.27±0.02b2.23±0.12b5.57±0.22c6.58±0.71cd10.36±0.47c8.44±0.89b
    W1N0S00.28±0.01b2.45±0.13b6.59±0.42b7.67±0.55c11.92±0.64bc8.93±0.66b
    W2N2S10.27±0.02b2.38±0.12b11.76±0.38a15.46±0.47a12.83±0.48ab11.75±0.67a
    W2N0S10.31±0.02b2.16±0.12bc4.81±0.25c6.06±0.39d10.52±0.32c9.96±0.72ab
    W2N0S00.30±0.03b1.86±0.16c5.56±0.05c6.23±0.19d12.08±0.58bc10.08±0.15ab
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育时期群体根数

    Table  7.   Changes of roots number of population of rice at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    ×106 roots∙hm−2 
    2019W1N1S17.51±0.36a25.82±3.12a41.83±2.28a54.31±2.91b88.92±7.21b71.08±5.69a
    W1N0S15.63±0.09b17.71±0.64b21.95±1.68b28.25±1.96d59.12±3.11d45.41±1.47c
    W1N0S03.74±0.09d28.86±1.64a40.81±2.67a34.43±1.81c66.76±3.77c45.89±2.88c
    W2N2S17.61±0.21a27.33±0.65a42.64±2.39a62.47±2.03a103.93±2.97a58.69±3.87b
    W2N0S13.98±0.28c19.58±0.90b18.96±1.20b34.49±0.84c66.48±1.99c46.08±2.84c
    W2N0S04.04±0.20c16.54±0.31c20.27±1.27b35.38±2.48c53.91±1.69d32.99±3.75d
    2020W1N1S16.89±0.27a45.41±1.46a45.65±1.92b84.85±1.91b100.75±2.22a75.15±7.06a
    W1N0S14.45±0.37c33.82±1.95c38.89±1.55c39.37±4.70d70.17±3.67c53.12±5.88b
    W1N0S05.49±0.19bc33.33±1.94c39.87±3.55c36.97±4.25d81.94±4.57b50.02±3.59b
    W2N2S15.53±0.34bc42.27±2.14ab74.61±2.52a102.09±1.9a105.41±3.85a81.18±4.45a
    W2N0S15.95±0.49ab37.44±2.19b45.36±2.49b45.55±3.13d68.72±2.09c56.85±3.95b
    W2N0S04.78±0.54c29.63±2.55c36.06±0.38c58.23±1.92c69.24±3.55c58.36±0.84b
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育时期群体根体积

    Table  8.   Changes of roots volume of population of rice at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    m3∙hm−2 
    2019W1N1S10.10±0a0.81±0.09a5.97±0.36b8.58±0.45b7.56±0.24b7.57±0.61a
    W1N0S10.04±0c0.40±0.01c3.61±0.26c5.92±0.15d7.35±0.28b5.99±0.19b
    W1N0S00.03±0d0.64±0.04b5.38±0.39b6.02±0.21cd7.43±0.43b5.85±0.37b
    W2N2S10.08±0b0.60±0.01b7.95±0.42a10.22±0.3a9.17±0.68a8.53±0.57a
    W2N0S10.03±0d0.38±0.02c3.82±0.25c6.30±0.08cd7.28±0.23b6.16±0.37b
    W2N0S00.03±0d0.34±0.01c4.12±0.25c6.73±0.28c7.10±0.23b5.06±0.52b
    2020W1N1S10.09±0a0.78±0.03a6.95±0.29b10.06±0.24b9.43±0.39ab7.53±0.72bc
    W1N0S10.04±0cd0.60±0.03b4.90±0.19c6.24±0.68d7.28±0.33c7.00±0.74bc
    W1N0S00.03±0d0.59±0.03b5.39±0.34c6.75±0.48d8.21±0.44bc6.48±0.48c
    W2N2S10.06±0b0.54±0.03bc10.03±0.32a12.02±0.36a10.69±1.11a10.31±0.59a
    W2N0S10.05±0bc0.50±0.03cd3.32±0.17d7.13±0.45cd8.30±0.25bc7.57±0.55bc
    W2N0S00.04±0cd0.44±0.04d4.96±0.05c8.08±0.24c8.01±0.38bc8.12±0.12b
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达 P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻各生育期群体根表面积

    Table  9.   Changes of roots surface area of population of rice at different growth stages under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    生长时期 Growth stage
    移栽后10 d 10 days after
    transplanting
    分蘖盛期
    Active tillering
    拔节期
    Jointing
    拔节后10 d 10 days after
    jointing
    抽穗期
    Heading
    成熟期
    Maturity
    m2∙hm−2 
    2019W1N1S16.64±0.31a41.64±4.79a144.55±8.60b190.05±17.35b311.32±10.00ab293.35±23.54a
    W1N0S12.15±0.07d23.84±0.80b78.91±5.77e94.27±6.04d214.52±11.35d215.00±6.87b
    W1N0S02.28±0.06d38.91±2.26a109.34±7.86c145.37±7.54c278.77±16.21bc221.91±14.06b
    W2N2S15.14±0.15b41.85±0.89a215.06±11.27a233.91±11.23a347.36±25.59a292.58±19.63a
    W2N0S12.27±0.19d22.70±1.03b86.62±5.70de124.87±3.20c265.82±8.45c227.55±13.74b
    W2N0S02.86±0.14c23.15±0.41b100.40±6.17cd136.93±10.11c251.09±8.19cd181.75±18.62b
    2020W1N1S16.34±0.25a51.97±1.69a233.86±9.87b376.14±9.00b386.35±15.80a291.67±27.83b
    W1N0S13.58±0.28bc38.53±2.15c174.51±6.74d213.95±15.31de281.59±12.75b251.37±26.55b
    W1N0S03.35±0.12c40.67±2.20c200.29±12.74c218.89±23.67cd303.90±16.33b245.64±18.03b
    W2N2S14.11±0.25bc46.99±1.91b364.40±11.78a452.74±13.66a405.29±41.89a353.82±20.19a
    W2N0S14.20±0.34b30.68±2.70c133.66±7.02e174.01±5.25e292.35±8.81b279.40±20.14b
    W2N0S03.63±0.40bc36.53±2.09bc177.39±1.73cd257.25±16.40c274.41±13.06b291.84±4.38b
      各处理具体描述见表1。数值后不同小写字母代表同一年份同一项目不同处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. Different lowercase letters after values in the same column for the same index in the same year mean significant differences among treatments at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  10  2019年和2020年秸秆还田下不同水氮耦合处理的水稻群体根系伤流强度(y)随生长天数(x)变化的函数拟合

    Table  10.   Function fitting of root bleeding intensity of rice population (y) with growth days (x) under different treatments of water-nitrogen coupling and straw returning in 2019 and 2020

    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    函数拟合
    Function fitting
    决定系数
    R2
    对称轴
    AOS
    顶点值
    V
    2019W1N1S1y=−0.2767x2+35.530x−304.410.954x=64.2y=836.16
    W1N0S1y=−0.1725x2+22.290x−222.120.937x=64.6y=497.94
    W1N0S0y=−0.1595x2+20.039x−135.510.959x=62.8y=493.90
    W2N2S1y=−0.2818x2+34.078x−226.760.976x=60.5y=803.50
    W2N0S1y=−0.1585x2+20.703x−216.180.893x=65.3y=459.87
    W2N0S0y=−0.1260x2+16.588x−166.750.931x=65.8y=379.21
    2020W1N1S1y=−0.2762x2+33.177x−179.610.961x=60.1y=816.69
    W1N0S1y=−0.1585x2+19.148x−131.150.995x=60.4y=447.16
    W1N0S0y=−0.1599x2+19.335x−114.240.994x=60.5y=470.25
    W2N2S1y=−0.2366x2+27.266x−34.410.898x=57.6y=751.13
    W2N0S1y=−0.1544x2+18.197x−75.300.904x=58.9y=460.86
    W2N0S0y=−0.1572x2+19.159x−138.550.999x=60.9y=445.21
      各处理具体描述见表1。AOS: 函数图像对称轴对应的x值; V: 函数图像顶点对应的y值。The detail information of each treatment is shown in Table 1. AOS: axis of symmetry; V: vertex.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-08-19
  • 录用日期:  2022-01-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-01-20
  • 刊出日期:  2022-06-09

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