品种和气象因子对马铃薯主要品质的影响

张佳莹; 李扬; 王靖; 胡琦; 黄明霞; 刘霞霞

doi:10.12357/cjea.20210561

品种和气象因子对马铃薯主要品质的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210561

中国农业大学资源与环境学院　北京　100193

基金项目: 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG016)和内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2020ZD0005)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张佳莹, 主要从事气候变化对作物的影响及适应等方面研究。E-mail: zhangjiayingcau@163.com

通讯作者:
王靖, 主要从事农业生产系统模拟与气候变化影响评估研究。E-mail: wangj@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S162.5+7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-22
- 录用日期: 2021-10-28
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-10
- 刊出日期: 2022-02-08

The impacts of cultivar maturity and meteorological factors on main quality of potato

College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: This research was supported by the S&T Program of Inner Mongolia, China (2019GG016) and the Key R&D Program of Inner Mongolia, China (2020ZD0005).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wangj@cau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 品种和气象因子是决定马铃薯块茎品质的主要因素, 分析不同播期下生育期气象因子对不同品种马铃薯主要品质的影响对保障我国食物安全、丰富人民饮食结构具有重要意义。本文基于2018—2020年内蒙古武川马铃薯播期-品种耦合试验, 探究马铃薯块茎主要品质指标(粗蛋白、可溶性糖、淀粉和维生素C)随品种和播期的变化规律, 并解析不同品种和播期下各生育阶段气象因子对马铃薯主要品质的影响。主要结果如下: 马铃薯块茎主要品质指标变异系数为可溶性糖>淀粉>维生素C>粗蛋白; 基于隶属函数值的结果表明早熟品种‘费乌瑞它’早播(4月27日)、中熟品种‘康尼贝克’晚播(6月2日)和晚熟品种‘克新一号’中播(5月15日)的综合品质高于其他处理。播期和品种调控对马铃薯品质存在显著影响。而生殖生长阶段尤其是开花−成熟阶段的气象因子决定了主要品质指标的形成, 限制当地马铃薯品质提升的主要气象因子为生育期平均温度和降水量。‘费乌瑞它’粗蛋白含量随开花−成熟期的有效积温、日均温增加表现出显著下降趋势(P<0.05), 品种‘克新一号’粗蛋白含量随全生育期降水量增加表现出极显著下降趋势(P<0.01), 品种‘康尼贝克’粗蛋白含量和生育期气象因子均无显著相关。本研究定量了品种和气象因子对马铃薯块茎主要品质的影响, 结果可为优质马铃薯的品种筛选和科学种植提供理论依据。
- 马铃薯 /
- 播期 /
- 品种 /
- 淀粉 /
- 维生素C /
- 可溶性糖 /
- 粗蛋白
Abstract: Meteorological factors and cultivar maturity are the two determining factors of potato tuber quality. Analyzing the relationship between meteorological factors during the potato growth period and potato quality is of great significance for ensuring food security and enriching people’s dietary structure. On the basis of 2 years × 3-planting dates × 3-cultivars field experiment conducted in Wuchuan, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the relationships between meteorological factors during different potato growth periods and the main indices of potato quality were quantified. On the basis of hydrothermal requirements during different potato growth stages, we divided the entire growth period into two periods, namely the vegetative growth period (planting-tuberization) and the reproductive growth period (tuberization-maturity), and then divided the reproductive growth period into tuberization to tuber bulking, tuber bulking to maturity. With the addition of the whole growth period and the water critical period (10 days before to 15 days after tuberization), six growth periods were set as the study phases. Five meteorological factors, namely effective accumulative temperature, mean temperature, daily temperature range, precipitation, and sunshine hours during the six growth periods were used to assess the relationships with potato quality, using correlation analysis, variance analysis, and membership function. The results showed that the average contents of crude protein, vitamin C, soluble sugar, and starch were 100.1 g∙kg⁻¹, 19.64 mg∙(100g)⁻¹, 18.58 g∙(100g)⁻¹ and 31.48 g∙(100g)⁻¹, respectively. The coefficients of variation for the main potato quality indices were in the order of soluble sugar > starch > vitamin C > crude protein. On the basis of membership function, the early maturing cultivar (‘Favorita’) with early planting (April 27), the middle maturing cultivar (‘Connibeck’) with late planting (June 2), and the late maturing cultivar (‘Kexin_1’) with middle planting (May 15) achieved the best potato quality when compared with other combinations of planting date and cultivar maturity. Ultimately, the coupling of planting date and cultivar had a significant effect on potato quality. Furthermore, meteorological factors had significant effects on potato quality during different potato growth periods. The results showed that potato tuber quality was mainly determined by meteorological factors during the potato reproductive growth period (tuberization-maturity), especially during tuber bulking to maturity.
- Potato /
- Planting date /
- Cultivar /
- Starch /
- Vitamin C /
- Soluble sugar /
- Crude protein

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图 1 2018—2020年不同播期下不同马铃薯品种的主要品质指标

箱体中的实线和“●”分别代表中值和均值, 箱体的上、下边界线分别代表75%和25%点位, 箱体外的短横线分别代表最大值和最小值。The solid line and “●” in the box body represent the median and mean values, respectively; the upper and lower boundaries of the box body represent 75% and 25% points, respectively; the short lines outside the box body represent the maximum and minimum values, respectively.

Figure 1. Main quality indices of different potato cultivars planted in different dates during 2018—2020

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表 1 不同播期下不同马铃薯品种主要品质指标的平均隶属函数值

Table 1. Mean membership function values of different quality indices of different potato cultivars planted in different dates

品种 Cultivar	播期(月-日) Planting date (month-day)	粗蛋白 Crude protein	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	淀粉 Starch	维生素C Vitamin C	平均隶属函数值 Mean membership function value
费乌瑞它 Favorita	04-27	1.0	0.8	0.0	1.0	0.7
	05-15	0.0	1.0	0.7	0.3	0.5
	06-02	0.8	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.5
康尼贝克 Connibeck	04-27	0.9	0.7	0.0	1.0	0.7
	05-15	0.0	0.0	0.8	0.0	0.2
	06-02	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.3	0.8
克新一号 Kexin_1	04-27	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.0	0.3
	05-15	1.0	1.0	0.4	1.0	0.8
	06-02	0.4	0.9	0.0	0.9	0.5

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表 2 2018—2020年播期和品种对马铃薯主要品质指标的互作效应

Table 2. Interactive effects of planting date and cultivar on main quality indices of potato during 2018−2020

年份 Year	品质指标 Quality indice	播期(月-日) Planting date (month-day)			品种 Cultivar			显著性 Significance
年份 Year	品质指标 Quality indice	04-27	05-15	06-02	费乌瑞它 Favoritae	康尼贝克 Connibeck	克新一号 Kexin-1	播期 Planting date (P)	品种 Cultivar (C)	播期×品种 P×C
2018	粗蛋白 Crude protein (g∙kg⁻¹)	88.6±15.6a	90.3±4.9a	91.1±6.2a	88.9±6.4a	94.1±4.8a	87.0±14.0a	0.950	0.650	0.771
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	28.8±8.2a	30.0±9.6a	29.2±4.6a	32.2±6.5a	24.3±3.9a	31.4±6.6a	0.971	0.198	0.473
	淀粉 Starch [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	38.1±4.8a	38.0±4.5a	39.7±7.8a	39.4±5.3a	39.5±6.2a	36.9±5.1a	0.858	0.707	0.268
	维生素C Vitamin C [mg∙(100g)⁻¹]	24.7±3.6a	23.1±2.0a	23.3±2.6a	21.5±0.8a	24.4±3.8a	25.1±1.6a	0.757	0.235	0.607
2019	粗蛋白 Crude protein (g∙kg⁻¹)	101.8±18.9a	92.5±15.3a	102.0±24.9a	106.7±13.9a	102.0±24.8a	87.6±10.5b	0.356	0.019^*	0.001^**
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	11.8±3.3a	13.1±0.1a	12.9±1.1a	11.1±2.6b	13.4±0.2a	13.3±0.2a	0.196	0.002^**	0.001^**
	淀粉 Starch [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	24.1±5.8a	26.8±1.8a	27.1±4.0a	23.7±4.9b	26.1±3.3ab	28.3±2.2a	0.160	0.026^*	0.001^**
	维生素C Vitamin C [mg∙(100g)⁻¹]	18.0±1.2a	17.7±1.5a	18.0±1.2a	17.1±0.4b	19.2±0.0a	17.3±0.2b	0.830	0.001^**	0.001^**
2020	粗蛋白 Crude protein (g∙kg⁻¹)	115.4±6.4a	102.3±20.4a	117.0±14.7a	106.0±15.8a	108.7±18.5a	119.9±5.7a	0.144	0.203	0.040^*
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	14.0±0.9a	13.9±0.3a	13.4±0.4a	13.3±0.5a	13.9±0.5a	14.1±0.7a	0.495	0.269	0.700
	淀粉 Starch [g∙(100g)⁻¹]	30.6±3.7a	30.4±2.6a	28.5±1.4a	27.7±0.9b	29.4±0.8b	32.4±2.6a	0.207	0.001^**	0.001^**
	维生素C Vitamin C [mg∙(100g)⁻¹]	17.3±0.2a	17.4±0.2a	17.3±0.1a	17.5±0.1a	17.2±0.1b	17.2±0.1b	0.858	0.038^*	0.468
同行不同字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著, 表示显著影响(P<0.05), 表示极显著影响(P<0.01)。Different lowercase letters in the same line indicate significant difference at P<0.05 level. and ** indicate significant effects at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.

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表 3 马铃薯品种‘费乌瑞它’品质指标与各生长阶段气象因子线性关系的决定系数(R²)

Table 3. Coefficients of determination (R²) of linear relationships between tuber quality indices and meteorological factors at different growth stages for potato cultivar ‘Favorita’

气象因子 Meteorological factor	品质指标 Quality indice	全生育期 Whole growth period	营养生长期 Vegetative growth period	生殖生长期 Reproductive growth period	现蕾—开花期 Tuberization to tuber bulking	开花—成熟期 Tuber bulking to maturity	水分关键期 Water critical period
有效积温 Effective accumulative temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.26	0.35	−0.36	−0.03	−0.43^*	−0.12
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.23	−0.31	0.76^**	0.47^*	0.59^*	0.55^*
	淀粉 Starch	−0.42^*	−0.49^*	0.58^*	0.33	0.47^*	0.66^**
	维生素 C Vitamin C	−0.27	−0.40	0.85^**	0.52^*	0.66^**	0.55^*
日均温 Daily average temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.28	−0.03	−0.29	0.02	−0.44^*	−0.12
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.54^*	0.03	0.29	0.26	0.81^**	0.55^*
	淀粉 Starch	0.71^**	0.21	0.57^*	0.26	0.60^**	0.66^**
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.55^*	0.04	0.33	0.18	0.84^**	0.55^*
温度日较差 Daily temperature range	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.23	−0.14	0.32	−0.03	0.34	0.002
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.16	0.26	−0.54^*	0.01	−0.49^*	0.23
	淀粉 Starch	−0.35	0.16	−0.71^**	−0.04	−0.36	0.01
	维生素C Vitamin C	−0.19	0.25	−0.50^*	0.02	−0.50^*	0.16
降水量 Precipitation	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.14	0.11	−0.31	−0.10	−0.31	−0.39
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.30	−0.23	0.64^**	0.35	0.60^**	0.10
	淀粉 Starch	0.15	−0.29	0.44^*	0.54^*	0.35	0.19
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.33	0.26	0.72^**	0.41	0.68^**	0.11
日照时数 Sunshine hours	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.001	0.02	−0.24	−0.001	−0.18	−0.001
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.09	0.01	0.47^*	0.08	0.21	0.36
	淀粉 Starch	−0.002	−0.05	0.27	0.01	0.18	0.16
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.08	0.003	0.54^*	0.12	0.22	0.25
和分别表示相关性达显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)水平, “−”表示品质指标与气象因子间呈负相关。 and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. “−” indicates potato quality indice negatively correlated with meteorological factor.

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表 4 马铃薯品种‘康尼贝克’品质指标与各生长阶段气象因子线性关系的决定系数(R²)

Table 4. Coefficients of determination (R²) of linear relationships between tuber quality indices and meteorological factors at different growth stages for potato cultivar ‘Connibeck’

气象因子 Meteorological factor	品质指标 Quality indice	全生育期 Whole growth period	营养生长期 Vegetative growth period	生殖生长期 Reproductive growth period	现蕾—开花期 Tuberization to tuber bulking	开花—成熟期 Tuber bulking to maturity	水分关键期 Water critical period
有效积温 Effective accumulative temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.01	−0.01	−0.001	0.004	−0.03	−0.14
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.27	−0.21	0.78^**	0.44^*	0.52^*	0.30
	淀粉 Starch	−0.46^*	−0.36	0.53^*	0.39	0.23	0.56^*
	维生素C Vitamin C	−0.07	−0.05	0.64^**	0.23	0.70^**	0.14
日均温 Daily average temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.13	−0.01	−0.20	−0.11	−0.13	−0.14
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.63^**	0.18	0.71^**	0.03	0.56^*	0.30
	淀粉 Starch	0.81^**	0.40	0.73^**	0.15	0.39	0.56^*
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.37	0.02	0.39	0.03	0.68^**	0.14
温度日较差 Daily temperature range	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.02	0.01	0.09	0.18	0.01	0.04
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.36	0.02	−0.84^**	−0.15	−0.36	−0.19
	淀粉 Starch	−0.43^*	−0.001	−0.66^**	−0.34	−0.18	−0.31
	维生素C Vitamin C	−0.20	0.02	−0.68^**	−0.03	−0.49^*	−0.002
降水量 Precipitation	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.13	−0.04	−0.09	−0.07	−0.02	−0.04
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.34	−0.14	0.69^**	0.72^**	0.06	0.69^**
	淀粉 Starch	0.16	−0.24	0.46^*	0.53^*	0.02	0.49^*
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.59^*	−0.001	0.75^**	0.30	0.37	0.28
日照时数 Sunshine hours	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.003	−0.01	0.11	0.14	−0.02	−0.001
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.02	0.001	0.54^*	0.08	0.13	−0.15
	淀粉 Starch	−0.03	−0.07	0.34	0.07	0.05	−0.09
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.18	0.10	0.35	0.02	0.15	−0.05
和分别表示相关性达显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)水平, “−”表示品质指标与气象因子间呈负相关。 and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. “−” indicates potato quality indice negatively correlated with meteorological factor.

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表 5 马铃薯品种‘克新一号’品质指标与各生长阶段气象因子线性关系的决定系数(R²)

Table 5. Coefficients of determination (R²) of linear relationships between tuber quality indices and meteorological factors at different growth stages for potato cultivar ‘Kexin_1’

气象因子 Meteorological factor	品质指标 Quality indice	全生育期 Whole growth period	营养生长期 Vegetative growth period	生殖生长期 Reproductive growth period	现蕾—开花期 Tuberization to tuber bulking	开花—成熟期 Tuber bulking to maturity	水分关键期 Water critical period
有效积温 Effective accumulative temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.03	0.03	−0.16	−0.04	−0.14	−0.01
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.18	−0.19	0.54^*	0.12	0.50^*	0.48^*
	淀粉 Starch	0.07	0.09	0.65^**	0.11	0.66^**	0.38
	维生素C Vitamin C	−0.16	−0.16	0.61^**	0.11	0.60^**	0.47^*
日均温 Daily average temperature	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.07	0.001	−0.15	−0.005	−0.26	−0.006
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.61^**	0.25	0.89^**	0.04	0.55^*	0.48^*
	淀粉 Starch	0.15	−0.01	0.26	0.04	0.64^**	0.38
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.62^**	0.20	0.90^**	0.03	0.66^**	0.47^*
温度日较差 Daily temperature range	粗蛋白 Crude protein	0.12	0.007	0.12	−0.001	0.16	−0.01
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	−0.57^*	0.01	−0.86^**	−0.23	−0.55^*	−0.25
	淀粉 Starch	−0.04	0.34	−0.61^**	−0.01	−0.70^**	0.03
	维生素C Vitamin C	−0.55^*	0.02	−0.88^**	−0.20	−0.61^**	−0.18
降水量 Precipitation	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.86^**	−0.37	−0.61^**	−0.11	−0.54^*	−0.13
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.38	−0.11	0.67^**	0.66^**	0.16	0.54^*
	淀粉 Starch	0.12	−0.27	0.29	0.03	0.30	0.02
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.47^*	−0.08	0.75^**	0.66^**	0.21	0.55^*
日照时数 Sunshine hours	粗蛋白 Crude protein	−0.04	−0.06	0.004	0.001	0.003	0.07
	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar	0.04	0.001	0.47^*	−0.04	0.68^**	−0.08
	淀粉 Starch	0.55^*	0.47^*	0.34	−0.004	0.35	0.07
	维生素C Vitamin C	0.07	0.01	0.44^*	−0.05	0.68^**	−0.07
和分别表示相关性达显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)水平, “−”表示品质指标与气象因子间呈负相关。 and ** indicate significant correlations at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. “−” indicates potato quality indice negatively correlated with meteorological factor.

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