Low carbon development strategy for agriculture based on cybernetics
-
摘要: 农业的对象是具备控制论系统特征的农业生态系统。农业低碳发展属于生态农业发展范畴。生态农业低碳发展的人为直接调控方法分别来源于传统和民间的农业实践探索、跨学科的现代农业科学研究以及生态友好的高新技术。为了达到低碳目标, 不同来源的方法只要有利于系统在整体上顺应和强化自然调控过程就可以根据其在具体系统内的兼容性、协同性和有效性进行选择, 并进一步优化组合。这有利于形成多样化的生态农业低碳模式与技术体系。政府自上而下的推进和民间自下而上的行动属于农业生态系统的人为间接调控过程, 需要配合形成社会合力, 有效推进生态农业低碳发展, 助力我国碳中和目标的实现。Abstract: Agriculture is an agroecosystem with a cybernetic system nature. The low-carbon development of agriculture falls into the category of eco-friendly eco-agriculture. Human direct regulation methods for the low-carbon development of eco-agriculture originate from the exploration of traditional and local farmers, modern interdisciplinary agricultural research, and eco-friendly high-tech industries. To get low-carbon goals, the methods from different sources, which are conducive to adapting and strengthening the natural regulation process, can be investigated for their compatibility, synergy and effectiveness within a specific system. The selected methods can be synthesized and optimized to help form a diversified low-carbon system and a suitable technical package. The top-down stimulation measures introduced by the government and the bottom-up efforts provided by people constitute the human indirect regulation for agroecosystems. These entities need to cooperate to form a social joint force to effectively accelerate the low-carbon development of eco-agriculture to reach the national goal of carbon neutralization.
-
Key words:
- Cybernetics /
- Agroecosystem /
- Eco-agriculture /
- Agroecology /
- Low carbon /
- Carbon neutralization
-
[1] 中国气象局气候变化中心. 中国气候变化蓝皮书(2021)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2021. https://www.jiemian.com/article/ 6442652.htmlClimate Change Center of China Meteorological Administration. China’s Blue Book on Climate Change in China (2021)[M]. Beijing: Sciences Press, 2021. https://www.jiemian.com/article/6442652.html [2] KAY J E. Kay, early models successfully predicted global warming[J]. Nature, 2020, 578(6): 45−46 [3] 陈雅如, 赵金成. 碳达峰、碳中和目标下全球气候治理新格局与林草发展机遇[J]. 世界林业研究, 2021, 34(6): 1−5CHEN Y R, ZHAO J C. New pattern of global climate governance and opportunities for forest and grassland development under the target of carbon emission peaked and carbon neutral[J]. World Forestry Research, 2021, 34(6): 1−5 [4] 吴昊玥, 黄瀚蛟, 何宇, 等. 中国农业碳排放效率测度、空间溢出与影响因素[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(10): 1762−1773 WU H Y, HUANG H J, HE Y, et al. Measurement, spatial spillover and influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions efficiency in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(10): 1762−1773 [5] 金书秦, 林煜, 牛坤玉. 以低碳带动农业绿色转型: 中国农业碳排放特征及其减排路径[J]. 改革, 2021, 321(5): 29−37JIN S Q, LIN Y, NIU K Y. Driving green transformation of agriculture with low carbon: characteristics of agricultural carbon emissions and its emission reduction path in China[J]. Reform, 2021, 321(5): 29−37 [6] 骆世明. 系统论、信息论和控制论与我国农业生态学的发展[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(2): 340−344LUO S M. Influence of cybernetic theory, information theory, and system’ s theory on the development of agroecology in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(2): 340−344 [7] 骆世明. 农业生态学[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2017LUO S M. Agroecology[M]. 3rd editon. Beijing: Chinese Agriculture Press, 2017 [8] WEZEL A, BELLON S, DORÉ T, et al. Agroecology as a science, a movement and a practice. A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 2009, 29(4): 503−515 doi: 10.1051/agro/2009004 [9] 骆世明. 生态农业确认体系的构建[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2020, 41(1): 1−6 doi: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2020.0001LUO S M. The setting up of identification system for agroecology[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2020, 41(1): 1−6 doi: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2020.0001 [10] 向继恩, 陈灿, 黄璜. 稻田养鱼农业文化遗产综合效益评价[J]. 遗产与保护研究, 2016, 1(5): 111−117 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-0913.2016.05.016XIANG J E, CHEN C, HUANG H. Evaluation of comprehensive benefits of agricultural heritage in fish culture in the rice field[J]. Research on Heritages and Preservation, 2016, 1(5): 111−117 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-0913.2016.05.016 [11] 郭亚容, 高宇琼. 元阳哈尼梯田生态智慧及其在当代的意义探究[J]. 南方农业, 2020, 12(14): 170−172GUO Y R, GAO Y Q. Ecological wisdom of Hani Terrace in Yuanyang and its contemporary significance[J]. South China Agriculture, 2020, 12(14): 170−172 [12] 龚建周, 蒋超, 胡月明, 等. 珠三角基塘系统研究回顾及展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1236−1246GONG J Z, JIANG C, HU Y M, et al. A review and prospect of research on the dike-pond system in the Pearl River Delta[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(7): 1236−1246 [13] 顾兴国, 刘某承, 闵庆文. 太湖南岸桑基鱼塘的起源与演变[J]. 丝绸, 2018, 55(7): 97−104GU X G, LIU M C, MIN Q W. The origin and evolution of the mulberry-dyke & fish-pond by the south bank of the Tai Lake[J]. Journal of Silk, 2018, 55(7): 97−104 [14] XIE J, HU L, TANG J, et al. Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system[J]. PNAS, 2011, 108(50): E1381−E1387 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111043108 [15] 章家恩, 陆敬雄, 张光辉, 等. 鸭稻共作生态农业模式的功效及存在的技术问题探讨[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2006, 22(2): 94−97 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0068.2006.02.004ZHANG J E, LU J X, ZHANG G H, et al. Discussion on rice-duck integrated farming ecosystem and the related technology innovation[J]. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture, 2006, 22(2): 94−97 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0068.2006.02.004 [16] 刘艳红. 农业有害生物的防治技术与策略[J]. 植物保护, 2010(11): 27−28LIU Y H. Control technology and strategy of agricultural pests[J]. Plant Protection, 2010(11): 27−28 [17] 陈志怡, 李金月. 新型高效环保型肥料综述[J]. 现代农业科技, 2013, 24: 260CHEN Z Y, LI J Y. Review on new high-efficiency and environmental protection fertilizer[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2013, 24: 260 [18] 潘殿莲, 姜永竹, 李凌燕. 探究测土配方施肥与有机肥的合理运用[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2021(4): 126−127PAN D L, JIANG Y Z, LI L Y. To explore the rational application of soil testing, formula fertilization and organic fertilizer [J]. Agricultural development and equipment, 2021(4): 126−127 [19] 徐奕, 梁学峰, 赵立杰, 等. 生物碳的特性及其在农业上的应用研究进展[J]. 山东化工, 2016, 45(20): 81−85 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-021X.2016.20.031XU Y, LIANG X F, ZHAO L J, et al. Current research advances of biochar characteristics and it’ s application in agriculture[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(20): 81−85 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-021X.2016.20.031 [20] 张学智, 王继岩, 张藤丽, 等. 中国农业系统甲烷排放量评估及低碳措施[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2021, 44(3): 200−208ZHANG X Z, WANG J Y, ZHANG T L, et al. Assessment of methane emissions from China’ s agricultural system and low carbon measures[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2021, 44(3): 200−208 [21] SONG Y Y, YE M, LI C Y, et al. Hijacking common mycorrhizal networks for herbivore-induced defense signal transfer between tomato plants[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013, 4: 3915 doi: 10.1038/srep03915 [22] LI M H, GUO J J, REN T, et al. Crop rotation history constrains soil biodiversity and multifunctionality relationships[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment, 2021, 319: 107540 doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2021.107540 [23] 洪昕. 碳纳米材料在农业环境改良中的应用进展[J]. 现代农业科技, 2019, 17: 174−175 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2019.12.113HONG X. Application progress of carbon nanomaterials in improvement of agricultural environment[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019, 17: 174−175 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2019.12.113 [24] 虞利俊, 徐磊, 唐玉邦. 先进功能高分子材料在设施农业中的应用与前景展望[J]. 江西农业学报, 2013, 25(3): 111−114 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2013.03.030YU L J, XU L, TANG Y B. Application and prospects of advanced functional macromolecule materials in facility agriculture[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2013, 25(3): 111−114 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8581.2013.03.030 [25] 欧非凡, 张超群. 农业信息处理技术研究与应用进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(20): 113−118 doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0135OU F F, ZHANG C Q. The research and application progress of agricultural information processing technology[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(20): 113−118 doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0135 [26] 骆世明. 论生态农业模式的基本类型[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2009, 17(3): 405−409 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.00405LUO S M. Fundamental classification of eco-agricultural models[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2009, 17(3): 405−409 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2009.00405 [27] 胡文娟. 碳标签是企业的下一个全球“绿色通行证”[J]. 可持续发展经济导刊, 2021(4): 24−26HU W J. Carbon labels are companies’ next global “green passport”[J]. Sustainable Development Economic Guide, 2021(4): 24−26 [28] 张雄智, 王岩, 魏辉煌, 等. 产品碳标签制度的发展现状及我国应对策略[J]. 山西农业科学, 2017, 45(10): 1714−1718 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2017.10.34ZHANG X Z, WANG Y, WEI H H, et al. Development status of product carbon labelling system and the coping strategies in China[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 45(10): 1714−1718 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2017.10.34 [29] 骆世明. 论生态农业的技术体系[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2010, 18(3): 453−457 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2010.00453LUO S M. On the technical package for eco-agriculture[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture , 2010, 18(3): 453−457 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2010.00453 [30] 杨长进. 碳交易市场助推乡村振兴低碳化发展的实践与路径探索[J]. 价格理论与实践, 2020(2): 18−24YANG C J. The practice and path exploration of carbon trading market boosting rural revitalization and low-carbon development [J]. Price Theory and Practices, 2020(2): 18−24 [31] 高尚宾, 李季, 乔玉辉, 等. NY/T 3667—2020 生态农场评价技术规范[S/OL]. 北京: 中华人民共和国农业农村部, 2020. https://max.book118.com/html/2020/1206/7035123000003026.shtmGAO S B, LI J, QIAO Y H, et al. NY/T 3667—2020 Technical Specification for Ecological Farm Evaluation[S/OL]. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Fairs of People’s Republic of China, 2020. https://max.book118.com/html/2020/1206/7035123000003026.shtm [32] 骆世明. 中国生态农业制度的构建[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(5): 759−770LUO S M. Setting up policy system for eco-agriculture in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(5): 759−770 [33] 骆世明. 构建我国农业生态转型的政策法规体系[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(6): 2020−2027LUO S M. To form the policy and legal system for eco-transformation of agriculture in China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(6): 2020−2027 [34] 王松良. 协同发展生态农业与社区支持农业促进乡村振兴[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(2): 212−217WANG S L. Concerted development of ecological agriculture along with community-supported agriculture to facilitate rural vitalization[[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(2): 212−217 [35] 张宁, 成春艳, 牛青华. 近十年我国社区支持农业研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(20): 17−19, 31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2018.20.005ZHANG N, CHENG C Y, NIU Q H. Research progress of community support agriculture in China in recent ten years[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 46(20): 17−19, 31 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2018.20.005 [36] 高尚宾, 徐志宇, 靳拓, 等. 乡村振兴视角下中国生态农业发展分析[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2019, 27(2): 163−168GAO S B, XU Z Y, JIN T, et al. Analysis of eco-agriculture construction based on rural revitalization in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(2): 163−168
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1156
- HTML全文浏览量: 170
- PDF下载量: 219
- 被引次数: 0