Effects of starvation stress on growth, antioxidant system and biochemical substances of Pomacea canaliculata (Lamark 1822)
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摘要: 福寿螺是一种具有重大危险性的外来入侵生物, 威胁水稻和水生作物生产, 带来了巨大的经济和生态损失。饥饿胁迫是生物经常面临的环境压力之一, 为探讨福寿螺对饥饿胁迫的生理生态学响应, 以稻田福寿螺为研究对象, 研究了10 d、20 d和30 d的饥饿胁迫对福寿螺生长、抗氧化系统及生化物质含量的影响。结果表明, 随着饥饿时间的延长, 福寿螺自由水含量持续上升, 从20 d开始显著高于对照(P<0.05), 30 d时处理组福寿螺自由水含量平均值为84.19%, 显著高于对照组的81.60% (P<0.05)。饥饿胁迫使福寿螺生长发育受到抑制, 壳高和壳口长从20 d开始显著低于对照(P<0.05)并持续至试验结束。体质量、壳宽和壳口宽在前20 d并未与对照组产生显著差异, 随着饥饿时间延长至30 d, 各生长指标均显著低于对照(P<0.05)。面对饥饿胁迫, 福寿螺消化腺抗氧化能力提高, 总超氧化物歧化酶活性从20 d开始显著高于对照并持续至试验结束(P<0.05); 过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛含量在前20 d未与对照形成显著差异, 但随饥饿时间延长至30 d而显著高于对照(P<0.05); 饥饿胁迫对福寿螺过氧化物酶活性和还原型谷胱甘肽含量无显著影响; 甘油含量呈“先增后降”的趋势, 在10 d时显著高于对照(P<0.05), 随后迅速降低, 在20 d和30 d时显著低于对照组(P<0.05); 脂肪含量在3个观测时段内均低于对照(P<0.05), 糖原含量在20 d时开始低于对照并持续至试验结束(P<0.05); 总蛋白含量只有在30 d时显著低于对照(P<0.05), 其他观测时段并未与对照形成显著差异。总之, 福寿螺可通过减缓生长、提高抗氧化能力、消耗内源性生化物质等一系列生理机制来缓解短期饥饿胁迫带来的影响, 限制食物来源可在一定程度上抑制福寿螺的暴发与危害。Abstract: Pomacea canaliculata is a highly dangerous invasive alien species that threatens rice and aquatic crop production, thereby causing large economic and ecological losses. Starvation stress is an environmental pressure that organisms often face. Under starvation conditions, organisms slow down growth and development and consume energy storage substances to provide energy to maintain life activities. To investigate the physiological and ecological responses of P. canaliculata to short-term starvation stress, the effects of 10, 20, and 30 d of starvation stress on the growth, antioxidant system, and biochemical substances of P. canaliculata were studied. The results showed that the free water content of the snails continued to increase with the increased starvation time and was significantly higher than that of the control from 20 d onwards (P<0.05). The mean content of free water of the snails in the treatment group was 84.19% at 30 d, which was significantly higher than that of the control group at 81.60% (P<0.05). The growth and development of snails were inhibited by starvation stress, and shell height and shell mouth length were significantly smaller than those of the control after 20 d (P<0.05) and the inhibition persisted until the end of the experiment. Body weight, shell width, and shell mouth width were not significantly different from those of the control during the first 20 d. As the starvation period was extended to 30 d, all the growth indicators were significantly lower than those of the control (P<0.05). Under the starvation stress, the antioxidant capacity of the snails was improved, and the total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher than that of the control from 20 d until the end of the experiment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the catalase activity and malondialdehyde content between the first 20 d and the control; however, they were significantly higher than those of the control with the extension of the starvation time to 30 d (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the peroxidase activity or reduced glutathione content between the starvation stress and control groups. The glycerol content showed a trend of increasing then decreasing; it was significantly higher than that of the control at 10 d (P<0.05), then decreased rapidly, and was significantly lower than that of the control at 20 d and 30 d (P<0.05). The lipid content was lower than that of the control at all three observation periods (P<0.05), the glycogen content was lower than that of the control at 20 d and remained low until the end of the experiment (P<0.05). The total protein content was significantly lower than that of the control at 30 d (P<0.05) but did not differ significantly from that of the control at the other observation periods. The results suggest that P. canaliculata can mitigate the effects of short-term starvation stress via a number of physiological mechanisms such as slowing growth, increasing antioxidant capacity, and depleting endogenous biochemicals. Limiting the food source can inhibit the outbreak and damage caused by P. canaliculata to a certain extent.
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图 1 饥饿胁迫对福寿螺生长的影响
CON和STA分别代表正常摄食和饥饿处理。图中*表示饥饿对福寿螺生长造成显著影响(P<0.05)。
Figure 1. Effects of starvation stress on the growth of Pomacea canaliculata
CON and STA represent the treatments of normal feeding and starvation stress, respectively. * indicates significant impact of starvation stress on the growth of the snails (P<0.05).
图 2 饥饿胁迫对福寿螺抗氧化系统的影响
CON和STA分别代表正常摄食和饥饿处理。*表示CON和STA间差异显著(P<0.05)。
Figure 2. Efects of starvation stress on antioxidant system of Pomacea canaliculata
POD: peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; MDA: malondialdehyde. CON and STA represent the treatments of normal feeding and starvation stress, respectively. * indicates significant impact of starvation stress on the antioxidant system of the snails (P<0.05).
图 3 饥饿胁迫对福寿螺生化物质含量的影响
CON和STA分别代表正常摄食和饥饿处理。*表示CON和STA间差异显著(P<0.05)。
Figure 3. Effects of starvation stress on the contents of biochemical substances in Pomacea canaliculata
CON and STA represent the treatments of normal feeding and starvation stress, respectively. * indicates significant impact of starvation stress on the biochemical substances of the snails (P<0.05).
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