直灌咸水与施氮磷对重盐碱柽柳地的改良效应

杨莉琳; 杨友山; 李铃蔓; 邱发根; 朱向梅

doi:10.12357/cjea.20210669

直灌咸水与施氮磷对重盐碱柽柳地的改良效应

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20210669

铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院　铜仁　554300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31270521)、贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2016]053号)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1312)、铜仁学院博士基金项目(trxyDH1525)和农业生态创新团队项目(CXTD[2020-10])以及2019贵州省一流本科专业建设(教高厅函[2019]46号)资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
杨莉琳, 主要研究方向为土壤养分循环与环境生态。E-mail: yangllin@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: S153; S147.2; Q945.78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-12
- 录用日期: 2021-12-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-26
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-01

Effects of direct saline irrigation and nitrogen and phosphorus application on a coastal saline-alkali soil planted Tamarix chinensis

College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270521), the Major Research Project of Innovation Group of Guizhou Education Department (Qian Education No. [2016] 053), the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province (Qian Science No. [2019] 1312), the Doctoral Fund Project of Tongren University (trxyDH1525), the Agro-ecological Innovation Research Group of Tongren University (CXTD[2020-10]), and the 2019 Classic Undergraduate Course Construction in Guizhou Province (Advanced Education Department Document [2019] No. 46).

More Information

Corresponding author: YANG Lilin, E-mail: yangllin@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 为解决滨海重盐碱地春旱、返盐以及缺N、贫P的突出问题, 利用当地丰富的地下咸水资源和柽柳固C、排盐的特性, 在华北低平原区滨海重盐碱区人工柽柳地开展了为期4年的咸水[不灌水和灌溉地下咸水(含盐量8.02~9.34 g·L⁻¹, W)]与NP [不施肥(CK、WCK), 单施氮(N、WN)和施氮磷(NP、WNP)]的2因素定位试验, 研究不同处理对土壤盐分、养分和微生物量碳和微生物量氮的影响, 以达到生物改良盐碱地、提升绿色生态景观的目标。研究结果显示, 柽柳地首次灌溉咸水, 0~30 cm土壤盐分平均下降32.7%; 但连续3年灌溉咸水柽柳地0~30 cm土层盐分平均上升11.2%~18.3%; 0~90 cm土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)含量下降19.4%~32.1%, 0~30 cm 微生物量碳与微生物量氮含量显著下降。灌溉咸水条件下施用NP (WNP)比对照(WCK)的0~30 cm土层的含盐量下降36.1%, 土壤0~30 cm全氮、含水量和30~60 cm的Olsen-P含量均显著下降; 而0~30 cm土层有机质、微生物量碳和有效钾含量显著提升。P是滨海重盐碱地关键限制性营养元素, 灌溉咸水促进了柽柳对P吸收, 进一步加剧土壤P消耗; 灌溉咸水并施NP (WNP)可缓解滨海重盐碱柽柳地营养元素匮乏的限制, 激活土壤微生物活性, 有效降低因连续直灌咸水引发的土壤次生盐渍化的风险。研究结果为重盐碱地人工柽柳咸水灌溉及养分管理提供依据。
- 柽柳 /
- 灌溉咸水 /
- 氮磷营养 /
- 盐分 /
- 咸水耦合施肥 /
- 滨海盐渍土
Abstract: In order to cope with the outstanding problems of spring drought, salt return, and lack of both N and P in coastal severe saline-alkali region, we utilized the rich underground saline water resources and the Tamarix’s characteristics of both fixation carbon (C) and discharge salt to achieve the goals of elimination of salt and drought stress, deficiency of both soil N and P, and improvement green ecological landscape in coastal severe saline soils as well. Tamarix chinensis Lour., a shrub species, is a species with strong salt-tolerant and water conservation ability that is widely planted in saline-alkali soils. This species plays an important role in improving the regional ecological landscape reformation and maintaining the stability of the coastal ecosystem, like the coastal wetlands in northern China. A two-factor experiment was conducted about saline water and fertilization in the Tamarix chinensis soil over a four-year period in coastal saline-alkali soil in the low plain of North China. Six treatments included no fertilizer as control (CK, WCK), only applying N (N, WN), applying both N and P (NP, WNP), each corresponding to no irrigation (the first) and irrigation with local phreatic saline water containing 8.02−9.34 g·L⁻¹ salt (the second), respectively. The results showed that the salt content in the 0−30 cm soil layer of Tamarix chinensis land decreased by 32.7% on average after the first saline irrigation, which had a significant desalination effect on the severe saline-alkali coastal soil, but after three consecutive-year saline irrigation, the salt content in 0−30 cm soil layer averagely increased by 11.2%−18.3%; yet the available P (Olsen-P) content in 0−90 cm soil layer decreased by 19.4%−32.1%, the contents of microbial carbon (Cmic) and microbial nitrogen (Nmic) in 0−30 cm soil decreased by 15.5% and 19.7% respectively. However, compared with the control WCK, the WNP treatment, i.e. saline irrigation and applying NP, decreased the salt content of 0−30 cm soil by 36.1%, in the meanwhile significantly decreased the total N, water content and contents of 0−30 cm soil layer, Olsen-P of 30−60 cm layer as well. WNP was conducive to increase of 0−30 cm Cmic, soil organic matter (SOM) and ammonium acetate extractable K (Kex) content. Our experiment provides evidence that P was a strongly limited nutrient, saline irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P can effectively alleviated the risk of soil secondary salinization caused by continuous saline irrigation, relieve the limitation of key nutrients deficiency like P and N, and promote the soil microbial activity, with the strongest evidence for saline irrigation and soil nutrient management for artificial Tamarix chinensis in severe saline-alkali coastal soil.
- Tamarix chinensis /
- Saline irrigation /
- Nutrient N and P /
- Salinity /
- Saline irrigation-associated fertilization /
- Saline-alkali coastal soil

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图 1 灌溉咸水与施NP对柽柳地不同深度土壤有效磷含量的影响

CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP。括号左边的*表示灌溉咸水与不灌咸水组间的差异, 括号内的不同符号或字母表示不同施肥处理间的差异, 括号右边的*表示咸水×施肥的交互作用; *和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。

Figure 1. Impact f saline water irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P on soil Olsen-P content in different depths of Tamarix chinensis field

CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: no fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WN: N fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WNP: N and P fertilization with irrigation of saline water. * outside left the parentheses indicates difference between the average of two irrigation treatments (i.e. without irrigation or with saline irrigation) for a particular soil depth; different symbol or letters inside the parentheses indicate differences among average of fertilization treatments for a particular soil depth; * outside right the parentheses indicate interaction of the irrigation and fertilization for a particular soil depth. * and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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表 1 试验地土壤基本理化性状

Table 1. Basic physical and chemical properties of soil for planting Tamarix chinensis

土层 Soil layer (cm)	pH	电导率 Electric conductivity (dS∙m⁻¹)	含盐量 Salt content (g∙kg⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total N (g∙kg⁻¹)	硝态氮 NO₃⁻-N (mg∙kg⁻¹)	有效磷 Olsen-P (mg∙kg⁻¹)	有效钾 Available K (mg∙kg⁻¹)
0~30	8.13	1.66	5.00	8.13	0.66	4.08	7.00	186.8
30~60	8.08	1.72	5.29	8.14	0.56	3.44	6.91	164.7
60~90	8.01	1.96	6.00	8.21	0.60	0.26	12.70	227.6

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表 2 灌溉咸水与施NP对柽柳地不同深度土壤盐分含量的影响

Table 2. Impact of saline irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P on salt contents of different soil depths of Tamarix chinensis field

处理 Treatment	第1年7月 July of the first year			第3年4月 April of the third year			第4年6月 June of the forth year
处理 Treatment	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
g∙kg⁻¹
CK	5.0±0.1	5.4±0.6	5.4±0.5	4.1±0.4	5.0±0.1	5.7±0.1	4.3±0.2	4.5±0.6	5.6±0.3
N	5.5±0.4	4.7±1.1	5.5±1.1	4.2±0.2	5.0±0.2	6.1±0.3	4.2±0.7	5.1±0.3	5.3±0.5
NP	4.8±2.0	3.4±1.0	3.8±0.7	4.3±0.1	4.8±0.2	5.5±0.3	4.6±0.2	4.5±0.2	6.5±0.7
WCK	3.5±0.5	4.1±0.2	4.9±0.4	5.1±0.1	5.8±0.2a	5.9±0.2a	6.1±0.8a	5.1±0.8	5.0±0.2
WN	3.3±0.5	4.0±0.7	4.4±0.6	4.5±0.3	5.1±0.1b	5.8±0.4ab	5.5±0.2ab	4.4±0.2	4.8±0.4
WNP	3.5±1.0	3.7±0.8	4.3±0.6	4.4±0.4	5.4±0.1ab	5.7±0.4b	3.9±0.4b	4.8±0.3	5.2±0.4
差异来源分析 Analysis of variance
W	*	ns	ns	*	*	ns	*	ns	ns
F	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns
W×F	ns	ns	ns	*	**	ns	*	ns	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 咸水与施肥的交互效应。同列2个水处理组内的不同施肥处理(CK, N, NP或WCK, WN, WNP)标注不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著, 没有标注字母的表示差异不显著。和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: no fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WN: N fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WNP: N and P fertilization with irrigation of saline water; W: saline water irrigation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of saline water irrigation and fertilization. Different lowercase letters or no letters respectively indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level or no difference among treatments of fertilization without irrigation (i.e. CK, N and NP) or with saline irrigation (i.e. WCK, WN and WNP). and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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表 3 灌溉咸水与施NP对柽柳地不同深度土壤微生物量碳氮的影响

Table 3. Impact of saline irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents in different depths of Tamarix chinensis field

处理 Treatment	微生物碳 Microbiol biomanss C (mg·kg⁻¹)			微生物氮 Microbiol biomass N (mg·kg⁻¹)			微生物量碳/微生物量氮 Microbiol biomass C/N
处理 Treatment	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
CK	268.9±23.2b	235.2±22.2	212.5±42.0	102.7±9.0b	55.0±1.5b	33.7±13.2c	2.8	4.3	6.1
N	319.7±43.7a	274.9±52.9	175.3±32.7	104.3±2.7b	69.3±6.4ab	52.7±9.4b	3.0	3.7	3.6
NP	326.9±6.9a	298.6±9.7	245.9±6.1	135.7±2.7a	73.0±10.6a	81.7±7.4a	2.3	4.1	3.0
WCK	223.0±16.1b	214.7±39.2	227.2±20.9a	87.3±5.8	51.0±3.2b	23.3±2.7c	2.6	5.0	9.7
WN	254.4±9.2ab	251.9±5.4	164.0±20.6b	90.0±3.6	71.0±4.0a	50.3±8.1b	2.8	3.0	3.3
WNP	296.6±10.5a	245.2±46.5	236.8±8.1a	97.0±4.6	76.0±3.8a	83.0±2.1a	3.1	3.2	2.9
差异来源分析 Analysis of variance
W	**	ns	ns	*	ns	ns
F	**	ns	*	**	**	**
W×F	**	ns	ns	**	*	**
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 咸水与施肥的交互效应。同列2个水处理组内的不同施肥处理(CK, N, NP或WCK, WN, WNP)标注不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著, 没有标注字母的表示差异不显著。和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: no fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WN: N fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WNP: N and P fertilization with irrigation of saline water; W: saline water irrigation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of saline water irrigation and fertilization. Different lowercase letters or no letters respectively indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level or no difference among treatments of fertilization without irrigation (i.e. CK, N and NP) or with saline irrigation (i.e. WCK, WN and WNP). and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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表 4 灌溉咸水与施NP对柽柳地不同深度土壤全氮、硝态氮和土壤水含量的影响

Table 4. Impact of saline water irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P on contents of total N, nitrate N and water in different soil depths of Tamarix chinensis field

处理 Treatment	全氮 Total N (g·kg⁻¹)			硝态氮 NO₃⁻-N (mg·kg⁻¹)			含水量 Soil moisture (%)
处理 Treatment	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
CK	0.85±0.01	0.78±0.01	1.06±0.04a	3.22±0.05B	2.58±0.03b	2.52±0.01	17.7±1.56b	20.5±1.4	22.1±0.2
N	0.72±0.01	0.78±0.08	0.96±0.09ab	9.43±0.08A	5.23±0.01a	2.69±0.01	21.3±0.49a	22.4±0.6	22.4±0.2
NP	0.74±0.06	0.78±0.05	0.79±0.06b	6.34±0.04AB	5.41±0.04a	2.71±0.02	19.3±0.11ab	20.5±0.1	22.2±0.1
WCK	0.77±0.05AB	0.81±0.02	0.98±0.04a	1.57±0.01B	2.66±0.01b	2.34±0.01b	20.9±0.66a	21.1±0.3	22.5±0.1a
WN	0.83±0.08A	0.79±0.07	0.79±0.10b	4.21±0.06AB	5.93±0.03a	3.74±0.01a	18.3±0.36b	20.2±0.3	21.3±0.2b
WNP	0.61±0.03B	0.73±0.07	0.84±0.03ab	5.93±0.02A	5.48±0.04a	3.44±0.02a	18.4±0.69b	21.3±0.8	22.0±0.3a
差异来源分析 Analysis of variance
W	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
F	*	ns	*	**	**	*	**	ns	ns
W×F	*	ns	*	*	*	ns	*	ns	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 咸水与施肥的交互效应。同列2个水处理组内的不同施肥处理(CK, N, NP或WCK, WN, WNP)标注不同小写或大写字母分别表示在P<0.05或P<0.01水平差异显著, 没有标注字母的表示差异不显著。和* 分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: no fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WN: N fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WNP: N and P fertilization with irrigation of saline water; W: saline water irriggation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of saline water irrigation and fertilization. Different lowercase or capital letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 or P<0.01 level among fertilizer treatments without irrigation (i.e. CK, N and NP) or with saline irrigation (i.e. WCK, WN and WNP), and no letter indicate no difference. * and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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表 5 灌溉咸水与施NP对柽柳地不同深度土壤有效钾和有机质含量的影响

Table 5. Impact of saline water irrigation-associated fertilization of N and P on available K and organic matter contents in different soil depths of Tamarix chinensis field

处理 Treatment	有效钾 Available K (mg∙kg⁻¹)			有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg⁻¹)
处理 Treatment	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm	0~30 cm	30~60 cm	60~90 cm
CK	171.4±13.11ab	205.1±7.83A	237.1±8.24	8.8±0.91	8.0±0.16	10.5±0.92
N	163.6±6.08b	155.0±18.78B	231.7±14.00	8.6±0.27	8.0±1.26	10.1±1.60
NP	190.6±14.98a	183.7±15.82AB	250.7±13.32	9.7±1.05	8.5±0.22	10.0±1.90
WCK	175.5±2.45B	185.9±2.11 a	267.0±32.25	8.5±0.94B	10.0±0.39ab	11.8±0.42
WN	173.0±8.45B	152.3±4.99b	251.9±18.84	10.3±0.26AB	11.7±1.14a	12.3±0.96
WNP	269.8±21.6A	179.5±9.2ab	212.9±27.64	12.3±1.0A	8.9±0.51b	11.3±0.75
差异来源分析 Analysis of variance
W	ns	ns	ns	*	**	**
F	**	**	ns	**	ns	ns
W×F	ns	*	ns	*	**	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 咸水与施肥的交互效应。同列2个水处理组内的不同施肥处理(CK, N, NP或WCK, WN, WNP)标注不同小写字母或大写字母表示在P<0.05或P<0.01水平差异显著, 没有标注字母的表示差异不显著。和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: no fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WN: N fertilization with irrigation of saline water; WNP: N and P fertilization with irrigation of saline water; W: saline water irriggation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of saline water irrigation and fertilization. Different lowercase or capital letters indicate significant differences at P<0.05 or P<0.01 level among treatments of fertilization without irrigation (i.e. CK, N and NP) or with saline irrigation (i.e. WCK, WN and WNP), and no letter indicates no difference. and ** indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant difference.

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