Difference in activation and absorption of different insoluble Cd between two tomato varieties with different Cd accumulation
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摘要: 本研究以两种Cd积累型番茄品种(高积累型‘合作8’, 低积累型‘普罗旺斯’)幼苗为研究对象, 通过水培试验, 研究其对两种难溶态Cd (CdS和CdCO3)的活化效果及吸收差异特征, 并分析两种难溶态Cd对植株的生长效应, 为Cd轻度污染土壤中番茄品种的合理选择提供依据。结果表明: 在活化效果方面, ‘合作8’对难溶态Cd的活化效果显著高于‘普罗旺斯’。CdCO3和CdS处理下高积累型品种‘合作8’使溶液中有效态Cd浓度分别比添加CdCO3和CdS但未种植番茄的处理显著提高62.1%和51.0% (P<0.05); 而低积累型‘普罗旺斯’在CdCO3处理下溶液中有效态Cd浓度比对照增加39.4% (P<0.05), 但在CdS处理下有效Cd浓度变化不明显。在植株Cd吸收方面, CdS和CdCO3处理下‘合作8’地上部与根部Cd含量均显著(P<0.05)高于‘普罗旺斯’, 地上部分别提高80.2%和105.2%, 根部分别提高111.7%和153.8%。与未添加难溶性Cd处理相比, CdS处理下‘普罗旺斯’株高、根长和生物量分别提高15.0%、10.1%和15.5% (P<0.05), 而‘合作8’株高、根长和生物量分别降低5.0%、9.8%和11.3% (P<0.05); 同时, 2种难溶性Cd处理下‘合作8’的株高、根长和生物量均显著低于‘普罗旺斯’(P<0.05)。综上, 高积累型番茄品种对两种难溶态Cd活化的效果显著高于低积累型番茄品种, 显著提高了Cd的生物有效性, 高积累型品种对难溶态CdS和CdCO3的吸收也显著高于低积累型品种, 使高积累型番茄植株生长受到了显著抑制。Abstract: Soil Cd pollution is becoming increasingly hazardous, and the effective state of Cd largely affects its biological effectiveness. The difference in the activation of insoluble Cd directly affects the uptake and accumulation of Cd in vegetables, and there are obvious differences in the uptake and accumulation capacity of different tomato varieties for Cd. However, the difference in the activation of Cd insoluble forms of CdS and CdCO3 by different Cd-accumulation tomato varieties remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, the seedlings of two tomato varieties with different Cd-accumulation capacity (high-Cd-accumulation type ‘Cooperative 8’ and low-Cd-accumulation type ‘Provence’) were used as research objects. The activation effects and absorption differences of two types of insoluble Cd (CdS and CdCO3) were studied through hydroponic experiments, and the effects of two types of insoluble Cd on plant growth were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of tomato Cd pollution, ensuring the safety of tomato production and reasonable selection of tomato varieties. The results showed that the activation effect of CdCO3 and CdS of high-Cd-accumulation type ‘Cooperative 8’ significantly increased the available Cd concentration in solution by 62.1% and 51.0% compared to the Cd concentration in non-planting tomato solution (P<0.05), while the low-Cd-accumulation type ‘Provence’ significantly promoted the dissolution of insoluble CdCO3 by 39.4% (P<0.05). However, the activation of insoluble CdS was not significant, and the activation of insoluble Cd by ‘Cooperative 8’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Provence’. In terms of plant Cd uptake, the shoot and root Cd contents of ‘Cooperative 8’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Provence’ under insoluble CdS treatment, which increased by 80.2% and 111.7% (P<0.05), respectively. Under insoluble CdCO3 treatment, the shoot and root Cd contents of ‘Cooperative 8’ were 105.2% and 153.8% higher than those of ‘Provence,’ respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the treatment without insoluble Cd, the treatment with insoluble CdS increased the plant height, root length, and biomass of ‘Provence’ by 15.0%, 10.1%, and 15.5% (P<0.05), respectively, while decreased the plant height, root length, and biomass of ‘Cooperative 8’ by 5.0%, 9.8% and 11.3% (P<0.05), respectively. Plant height, root length, and biomass of ‘Cooperative 8’ were significantly lower than those of ‘Provence’ under the two insoluble Cd treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, the high-Cd-accumulation variety of tomato promoted the activation of the two insoluble Cd forms significantly more than the low-Cd-accumulation variety of tomato, and the bioeffectiveness of Cd was significantly improved. The absorption and accumulation of available Cd by high-Cd-accumulation tomato variety were significantly higher than those of low-Cd-accumulation tomato variety, which significantly inhibited the growth of tomato plants with high accumulation. However, CdS treatment had a significant stimulating effect on the growth of the low-Cd-accumulation variety ‘Provence’.
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Key words:
- Tomato /
- Cd accumulation type /
- Insoluble Cd /
- Cd activation /
- Cd absorption
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图 1 不同番茄品种对两种难溶性Cd处理溶液中有效态Cd含量的影响
S和C分别表示CdS和CdCO3溶液, PS和PC分别表示种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’的CdS和CdCO3溶液, HS和HC为种植高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’的CdS和CdCO3溶液。不同小写字母表示相同Cd种类不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05), 不同大写字母表示同一处理不同Cd种类差异显著(P<0.05)。In treatments, S and C are the solutions of CdS and CdCO3; PS and PC mean planting low-Cd-accumulation variety of tomato in CdS and CdCO3 solutions, HS and HC mean planting high-Cd-accumulation variety of tomato in CdS and CdCO3 solutions. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments of the same Cd type (P<0.05). Different capital letters indicate significant differences between two Cd types for the same treatment (P<0.05).
Figure 1. Concentrations of available Cd in solution of different insoluble Cd planting with different tomato varieties
图 2 不同番茄品种在两种难溶性Cd处理溶液中地上部和根部的Cd含量
处理CK和CK1分别表示不添加Cd种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’和不添加Cd种植高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’; PS和PC分别表示种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’的CdS和CdCO3溶液, HS和HC为种植高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’的CdS和CdCO3溶液。不同小写字母表示相同Cd种类不同处理间地上部Cd含量差异显著(P<0.05); 不同大写字母表示相同Cd种类不同处理间根部Cd含量差异显著(P<0.05)。In treatments, CK and CK1 are the planting with low-accumulation variety of tomato without adding Cd and planting with high-accumulation variety of tomato without adding Cd. PS and PC denote CdS and CdCO3 solutions for low accumulating tomato variety ‘Provence’, respectively, while HS and HC are CdS and CdCO3 solutions for high accumulating tomato variety ‘Cooperative 8’. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in above-ground Cd content among treatments of the same Cd species; different capital letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) in root Cd content among treatments of the same Cd species.
Figure 2. Cd contents in shoots and roots of different tomato varieties planting in solution of different insoluble forms of Cd
图 3 不同番茄品种对两种难溶性Cd处理溶液中植株幼苗生长指标的影响
处理CK和CK1分别表示不添加Cd种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’和不添加Cd种植高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’; PS和PC分别表示种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’的CdS和CdCO3溶液, HS和HC为种植高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’的CdS和CdCO3溶液。不同小写字母表示相同Cd种类不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。In treatments, CK and CK1 are the planting with low-accumulation variety of tomato without adding Cd and planting with high-accumulation variety of tomato without adding Cd. PS and PC denote CdS and CdCO3 solutions for low accumulating tomato variety ‘Provence’, respectively, while HS and HC are CdS and CdCO3 solutions for high accumulating tomato variety ‘Cooperative 8’. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different treatments for the same Cd type (P<0.05).
Figure 3. Growth indicators in solution of different insoluble Cd planting with different tomato varieties
表 1 两种难溶态Cd处理下番茄植株生长指标比无污染对照的变化幅度
Table 1. Increase range of growth indexes in two tomato varieties under different treatments
处理
Treatment株高
Pant height根长
Root length生物量
Biomass% PS 15.0±1.1a 10.1±0.9a 15.5±2.6a HS −5.0±0.5c −9.8±2.5c −11.3±0.3c PC 0.7±0.9b −0.8±1.6b −1.6±0.8b HC −8.8±1.1d −19.6±2.3d −25.5±3.4d 处理PS和HS分别为在CdS溶液中种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’和高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’, 处理PC和HC分别为在CdCO3溶液中种植低积累型番茄品种‘普罗旺斯’和高积累型番茄品种‘合作8’。同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Treatments PS and HS are planting low-Cd-accumulation and high-Cd-accumulation varieties of tomato in CdS solution, respectily. Treatments PC and HC are planting low-Cd-accumulation and high-Cd-accumulation varieties of tomato in CdCO3 solution, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different treatments (P<0.05). 
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