Development and trend in Chinese agricultural green technology: Knowledge map analysis based on CiteSpace
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摘要: 绿色技术是中国农业实现高质量发展的驱动力, 为厘清中国农业绿色技术的发展现状与趋势, 利用CiteSpace软件, 对2004—2019年获得国家及省部级科学技术奖励中的农业绿色科技成果数据进行系统梳理与知识图谱分析。结果表明: 1)农业绿色技术成果数量总体上呈现增长趋势, 且种植业成果数量显著高于养殖业。2)绿色技术的研究热点主要集中在投入品安全无害、生产过程友好、资源利用节约高效、监测预警等方面, 中国已基本建立了农业绿色技术体系, 但质量标准相关技术较少。3)农业绿色技术研发与创新和中国农业政策密切相关, 政策导向效应明显。4)区域农业绿色技术成果数量、聚类数量均从东部到西部依次递减。据此, 本文提出促进农业绿色产业技术与绿色乡村综合发展技术一体化发展, 推进政策引导与市场拉动结合的农业绿色技术协同, 强化区域性绿色农业技术特色, 促进农业绿色技术的结构优化升级。Abstract: Green technology is an important driving force that underlies the high-quality development of agriculture in China. However, there is little in-depth research on the scale and type structure of the technology. Clarifying the agricultural green technology development status and trends in China will significantly promote agricultural innovation and drive agricultural sustainability. In this study, the CiteSpace software was used to systematically sort and analyze the knowledge map based on the agricultural green technology achievement data for the national and provincial science and technology awards from 2004 to 2019. The results showed the following: 1) The number of agricultural green technology achievements was generally increasing, with an average annual growth rate of 5.15%. The number of achievements associated with planting was significantly higher than that with breeding, accounting for about 80.19% of the total achievements, but the average annual growth rate for agricultural green technology achievements for planting was relatively low. 2) Agricultural green technology keywords formed 17 clusters, including wide adaptability breeding, virus detection, deep processing, efficient cultivation, and so on. They mainly focused on four aspects of agricultural green technology: safe and harmless inputs, environmentally friendly production processes, economical and efficient resource use, and environmental monitoring and early warning. China had established an agricultural green technology system, but there were only a few technologies related to quality standards. 3) There were seven emergent words for green technology achievements in Chinese agriculture from 2004 to 2019, and green technology associated with comprehensive prevention and control, quality and efficiency improvement of agricultural production, and green prevention and control had become new research hotspots in recent years. Agricultural green technology R&D and innovation are closely related to agricultural policies, and results had shown that policy guidance effectively promoted the technology. 4) The number and clusters of regional agricultural green technology achievements differed and decreased from east to central to west. The influence of regional characteristics means that research hotspots in different regions have unique characteristics. Based on these results, we proposed the following policy recommendations: promoting the integrated development of agricultural green industrial technology and green rural comprehensive development technology, improving the coordination of agricultural green technology by combining policy guidance and market pull, strengthening regional green agricultural technology characteristics, and promoting the structural optimization and upgrading of agricultural green technology. This study provides a visual analysis of agricultural green technology development in China. The study also improves the current understanding of the research progress in this field and promotes the exploration of new developments and trends.
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图 1 2004—2019年农业绿色科技成果数量变化趋势
Figure 1. Change trend of agricultural green technology achievements from 2004 to 2019
图 2 2004—2019年农业绿色科技成果聚类图
Figure 2. Cluster diagram of agricultural green technology achievements from 2004 to 2019
图 3 不同区域农业绿色科技成果数量
Figure 3. Number of regional agricultural green technology achievements
表 1 不同获奖农业绿色成果技术特征示例
Table 1. Examples of technical characteristics of different award-winning achievements of agricultural green technology
成果名称
Achievement name获奖等次及年份
Award grade and year导则中绿色技术类型
Type of green technologies in the guidelines技术特征
Technical characteristics果、蔬病虫害绿色防控技术研究与应用
Research and application of green prevention and control technology of fruit and vegetable diseases and pests2015年度陕西省科学技术三等奖
Third prize of Science and Technology of Shaanxi Province in 2015作物有害生物高效低风险绿色防控技术
High-efficiency and low-risk green prevention and control technology for crop pests绿色防控
Green prevention and control小麦蚜虫灾变规律与绿色防控技术
Disaster law of wheat aphids and green prevention and control technology2018—2019年度神农中华农业科技奖科学研究类成果三等奖
Third prize of Scientific Research Achievements of the Shennong China Agricultural Science and Technology Award in 2018−2019
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表 2 2004—2019年农业绿色科技成果关键词聚类分类
Table 2. Keyword cluster classification of agricultural green technology achievements from 2004 to 2019
技术大类
Technology category聚类名称
Cluster name规模
Size轮廓值
Contour value值排在前列且P<0.05的关键词
Value in the front row and P<0.05投入品安全无害
Safe and harmless inputs广适选育
Wide adaptability breeding62 0.873 广适选育、优质选育、抗病选育
Wide adaptability breeding, high quality breeding, disease resistance breeding多抗选育
Multi-resistance breeding41 0.917 多抗选育、优质高产选育、生物灾害
Multi-resistance breeding, high quality and high yield breeding, biological disasters种质创新
Germplasm innovation40 0.978 种质创新、种质创制、杂种优势利用
Germplasm innovation, germplasm creation, heterosis utilization高效饲料
High efficiency feed40 0.965 高效饲料、健康饲料、优质饲料
High efficiency feed, healthy feed, high quality feed品种改良
Variety improvement26 0.968 品种改良、优良选育、优质品种筛选
Variety improvement, excellent breeding, high quality variety screening生产过程环境友好
Environmentally friendly production process健康养殖
Healthy breeding31 0.995 健康养殖、生态环境、氨气减排
Healthy breeding, ecological environment, ammonia emission reduction绿色防控
Green prevention and control30 0.946 绿色防控、有害生物、生物防治
Green prevention and control, pests, biological control配套栽培
Supporting cultivation21 0.921 配套栽培、免耕覆盖、水旱轮作
Supporting cultivation, no tillage and mulching, water and drought rotation生态修复
Ecological restoration13 0.993 生态修复、水土流失、生态农业
Ecological restoration, water and soil erosion, ecological agriculture无公害生产
Pollution-free production7 0.997 无公害生产、生态响应、生物农药
Pollution free production, ecological response, biological pesticides测土配方施肥
Soil testing and formula fertilization7 1.000 测土配方施肥、精准施肥、专用复合肥
Soil testing and formula fertilization, precision fertilization, special compound fertilizer病毒检测
Virus detection50 0.928 病毒检测、安全生产、质量控制
Virus detection, safe production, quality control资源利用节约高效
Economical and efficient resource utilization高效栽培
Efficient cultivation45 0.894 高效栽培、优质栽培、精准化栽培
Efficient cultivation, high quality cultivation, precision cultivation高效养殖
Efficient breeding14 0.969 高效养殖、生态养殖、优质养殖
Efficient breeding, ecological breeding, high quality breeding精深加工
Deep processing49 0.928 精深加工、绿色储藏、综合利用
Deep processing, green storage, comprehensive utilization环境监测预警
Environmental monitoring and early warning监测预警
Monitoring and early warning31 0.959 监测预警、害虫灾变机理、病虫害发生规律
Monitoring and early warning, pest catastrophe mechanism, occurrence law of diseases and pests综合防控
Comprehensive prevention and control21 0.988 综合防控、疫情监测、病虫鉴定
Comprehensive prevention and control, epidemic surveillance, pest identification受篇幅限制, 仅展示了部分关键词。Due to space limitations, only some keywords are shown.
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表 3 2004—2019年农业绿色科技成果突现词
Table 3. Emerging words of agricultural green technology achievements from 2004 to 2019
关键词 Keyword 平均强度 Strength 始现年份 Begin year 2004—2019 优质选育 High quality breeding 3.0171 2007 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ 无公害生产 Pollution-free production 3.3403 2007 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ 综合防治 Integrated control 4.0978 2008 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ 多抗选育 Multi-resistance breeding 3.4255 2014 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▂ ▂ ▂ 综合防控 Comprehensive prevention and control 3.7702 2016 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ ▃ 提质增效 Improve quality and efficiency 4.1121 2017 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ 绿色防控 Green prevention and control 4.3404 2017 ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▂ ▃ ▃ ▃ 最右列一个小条表示一年, 越粗表示强度越大。In the right column, a black bar is for one year, the thicker the bar is, the strength the keyword is in the year.
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表 4 2004—2019年农业绿色科技成果突现词与政策的相关性
Table 4. Relevance of emergent words of agricultural green technology achievements and policy from 2004 to 2019
突现词
Emergent word政策(含法律)
Policies (including laws)优质选育
High quality breeding2004—2006年中央一号文件, 国家发改委2007年实施生物育种高技术产业化专项, 《农业科技发展纲要(2001—2010年)》
No. 1 Central Document from 2004 to 2006, Special Project for High-tech Industrialization of Biological Breeding implemented by the National Development and Reform Commission in 2007, Agricultural Science and Technology Development Outline (2001−2010)无公害生产
Pollution-free
production农业部2001年实施相应计划, 2002年出台多项办法, 2002—2006年农业部发布标准
The corresponding plan implemented by Ministry of Agriculture in 2001, A number of measures introduced in 2002, the standards issued by the Ministry of Agriculture from 2002 to 2006综合防治
Integrated
control2006年全国植保植检工作会议, 《全国农村环境污染防治规划纲要(2007—2020年)》
National Plant Protection and Inspection Conference in 2006, National Rural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Plan (2007−2020)多抗选育
Multi-resistance
breeding2012年国家863计划“作物分子育种与分子创制”, 2013年农业部举行农作物新品种选育与推广工作会议
National High-tech R&D Program of China “Crop molecular breeding and molecular creation” in 2012. In 2013, the Ministry of Agriculture held a meeting on the breeding and promotion of new crop varieties.综合防控
Comprehensive
prevention and control2015年农业部出台促进农业面源污染防控的实施意见, 《全国农业可持续发展规划(2015—2030年)》《农业环境突出问题治理总体规划(2014—2018年)》
The implementation opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture on combating agricultural non-point source pollution in 2015, National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015−2030) and Master Plan for Governance of Outstanding Agricultural Environmental Issues (2014−2018)提质增效
Improve quality
and efficiency2017年中央一号文件
No. 1 Central Document 2017绿色防控
Green prevention
and control《关于推进农作物病虫害绿色防控的意见》(2011年),《关于创新体制机制推进农业绿色发展的意见》(2017年), 《国家质量兴农战略规划(2018—2022年)》
Opinions on Promoting Green Prevention and Control of Crop Diseases and Pests (introduced in 2011), Opinions on Innovating Institutions and Mechanisms to Promote the Green Development of Agriculture (introducted in 2017), National Quality Agriculture Strategic Plan (2018−2022)受篇幅限制, 仅展示部分政策。Due to space constraints, only some policies are shown.
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表 5 不同区域农业绿色科技成果关键词聚类分类
Table 5. Keyword cluster classification of regional agricultural green technology achievements
技术大类
Technology category聚类名称 Cluster name 东部 Eastern region 中部 Central region 西部 Western region 投入品安全无害
Safe and harmless inputs良种选育
Improved variety breeding种质创新
Germplasm innovation良种选育
Improved variety breeding优质选育
High quality breeding高产选育
High yield breeding高产选育
High yield breeding优质环保饲料
High quality environmental protection feed生产过程环境友好
Environmentally friendly production process配套栽培
Supporting cultivation绿色防控
Green prevention and control生态修复
Ecological restoration安全生产
Safe production健康养殖
Healthy breeding健康养殖
Healthy breeding优质生产
Quality production病害防治
Disease prevention and control资源利用节约高效
Economical and efficient resource utilization高效栽培
Efficient cultivation高效利用
Efficient utilization高效栽培
Efficient cultivation可持续经营
Sustainable management高效栽培
Efficient cultivation高效生产
Efficient production精深加工
Deep processing环境监测预警
Environmental monitoring and early warning综合防控
Comprehensive prevention and control受表格限制, 仅展示了关键词聚类名称。Restricted by the table, only keyword cluster names are displayed.
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