Nitrogen migration along the soil-forage-livestock interface for Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense
-
摘要: 探讨施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律, 为合理施肥提供理论依据。试验采用15N同位素标记法, 设置0 kg∙hm−2 (CK)、90 kg∙hm−2 (N90)、180 kg∙hm−2 (N180)、270 kg∙hm−2 (N270)、360 kg∙hm−2 (N360)等15N施肥处理, 分析了不同施肥处理下高丹草主要农艺性状的变化以及“土-草”界面施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率、损失率、茎叶分配率, “草-畜”界面肉羊、奶牛对施入氮的消化率、利用率、残留率的变化。结果表明, N180处理下的总干草产量显著高于CK和N90处理(P<0.05), 与N270和N360处理无显著差异; “土-草”界面, N180处理下施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率最高, 损失率最低, 与N360处理差异显著(P<0.05), 与其他处理无显著差异; “草-畜”界面, N180处理下肉羊对施入氮的利用率显著高于N360处理(P<0.05), 与其他处理无显著差异, N180处理下奶牛对施入氮的利用率最高, 但与其他处理间无显著差异。施入氮在高丹草“土-草”界面的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草吸收23.95%, 损失50.83%; 高丹草茎、叶部位对施入氮的分配规律表现为: 叶(54.35%)>茎(45.65%)。15N标记高丹草被反刍动物消化后, 综合得出, 施入氮在高丹草“土-草-畜(肉羊)”界面施入氮的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草残留4.49%, 肉羊吸收19.46%, 损失50.83%; 在“土-草-畜(奶牛)”界面的运移规律为: 土壤残留25.22%, 高丹草残留5.78%, 奶牛吸收18.17%, 损失50.83%。研究结果揭示了氮素在高丹草“土-草-畜”界面的运移规律, 可为高丹草合理施肥及草畜转化研究提供理论依据。Abstract: In this paper, we discussed the nitrogen migration rule of the soil-forage-livestock interfaces for Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization of the grass. A field experiment in which the plot contained micro area was conducted and different 15N application rates, including 0 kg∙hm−2 (CK), 90 kg∙hm−2 (N90), 180 kg∙hm−2 (N180), 270 kg∙hm−2 (N270), and 360 kg∙hm−2 (N360), were set up. The indexes of nitrogen migration rule were analyzed using the 15N isotope labeling method under different 15N treatments. The indexes included plant utilization rate, soil residual rate, loss rate, and distribution rate to stem or leaf of 15N at the interface of forage-livestock; and the digestibility, utilization rate, and residual rate of 15N of sheep and cows at the interface of forage-livestock for S. bicolor×S. sudanense. The results showed that the total hay yield in the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that in the CK and N90 treatments (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference from those in the N270 and N360 treatments. At the interface of soil-forage, the plant utilization rate and soil residual rate of 15N were the highest, while the loss rate was lowest under the N180 treatment, and there were significant differences between N180 and N360, but there were no significant differences among the N180, CK, and N90 treatments. At the interface of forage-livestock, the 15N digestibility of sheep under the N180 treatment was significantly higher than that under the N360 treatment, but there was no significant difference with those under other treatments; and the 15N utilization rate of dairy cows under the N180 treatment was the highest, but the difference was not significant. On average, the 15N migration rule of the soil-forage interface was as follows: the soil residual rate was 25.22%, the utilization rate was 23.95%, and the loss rate was 50.83%; the distribution rate of leaf (54.35%) was higher than that of stem (45.65%) for S. bicolor×S. sudanense. After the S. bicolor×S. sudanense was 15N-labeled and further digested by ruminants, the 15N migration rule of soil-forage-livestock (sheep) interface was as follows: the soil residual rate was 25.22%, the residual rate of forage was 4.49%, the utilization rate of sheep was 19.46%, and the loss rate of 15N was 50.83%, while at the interface of soil-forage-livestock (dairy cows) was 25.22%, 5.78%, 18.17%, and 50.83%, respectively. These results provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization and transformation of soil-forage-livestock for S. bicolor×S. sudanense.
-
图 1 田间小区平面示意图(黑色部分为微区,
$\Delta $ 表示施15N尿素; 白色部分为保护区, ◎表示施普通尿素）Figure 1. Schematic diagram of field plot (black part was micro area,“
$\Delta $ ”means application of 15N urea; white part was protected area, “◎”means application of common urea)
图 2 不同15N施用量下高丹草“土-草”界面施入氮的植物利用率、土壤残留率和损失率
相同图案不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in the same pattern indicate significant differences among 15N application rates at P<0.05 level.
Figure 2. Plant utilization rate, soil residual rate and loss rate of 15N at the interface of soil-forage of Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense under different 15N application rates
图 3 不同15N施用量下15N在高丹草茎、叶的分配率
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among 15N application rates at P<0.05 level.
Figure 3. Distribution rates of 15N in the stem and leaf of Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense under different 15N application rates
图 4 不同15N施用量下“草-畜”界面15N的肉羊消化率、利用率和消化残留率
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among 15N application rates at P<0.05 level.
Figure 4. Sheep digestibility, utilization rate and residue rate of 15N at the interface of forage-livestock under different 15N application rates
图 5 不同15N施用量下“草-畜”界面15N的奶牛消化率、利用率和消化残留率
不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among 15N application rates at P<0.05 level.
Figure 5. Dairy cow digestibility, utilization rate and residue rate of 15N at the interface of forage-livestock under different 15N application rates
表 1 不同15N施肥处理对高丹草不同茬次主要农艺性状的影响
Table 1. Effect of different 15N treatments on main agronomic characters of Sorghum bicolor×S. sudanense
处理
Treatment15N施用量
15N application rate
(kg∙hm−2)生长天数
Growth days (d)株高
Plant height (cm)茎叶比
Ratio of stem/leaf干草产量
Dry yield (g∙plot−1)总干草产量
Total dry yield
(g∙plot−1)第1茬
1st cutting第2茬
2nd cutting第1茬
1st cutting第2茬
2nd cutting第1茬
1st cutting第2茬
2nd cutting第1茬
1st cutting第2茬
2nd cuttingCK 0 69 67 252.3±4.1a 163.7±4.1a 2.01±0.23a 1.69±0.06a 1162.7±256.2b 788.5±134.1a 1951.2±244.5b N90 90 69 67 249.6±13.6a 161.0±4.3a 1.80±0.25a 1.73±0.07a 1250.4±233.9b 743.8±83.9a 1994.1±308.5b N180 180 69 67 237.9±17.4a 164.3±12.4a 1.93±0.12a 1.75±0.02a 1673.3±127.5a 901.0±330.9a 2574.2±238.8a N270 270 69 67 242.7±6.6a 169.2±12.1a 1.97±0.20a 1.73±0.27a 1447.5±231.8ab 967.7±193.1a 2415.2±184.1ab N360 360 69 67 239.9±5.4a 161.1±5.2a 2.00±0.26a 1.72±0.20a 1379.0±198.5ab 749.3±162.9a 2128.3±204.4ab 同列不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。Different lowercase letters in a column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level. 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 宇万太, 赵鑫, 张璐, 等. 长期施肥对作物产量的贡献[J]. 生态学杂志, 2007, 26(12): 2040−2044YU W T, ZHAO X, ZHANG L, et al. Contribution of long-term fertilization to crop yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(12): 2040−2044 [2] 王巧兰, 吴礼树, 赵竹青. 15N示踪技术在植物N素营养研究中的应用及进展[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2007, 26(1): 127−132 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2421.2007.01.031WANG Q L, WU L S, ZHAO Z Q. Advance and application of 15N tracer method on research of plant nitrogen nutrition[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 26(1): 127−132 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-2421.2007.01.031 [3] 汪庆兵, 张建锋, 陈光才. 基于15N示踪技术的植物-土壤系统氮循环研究进展[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2013, 21(5): 479−488 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.2013.05.016WANG Q B, ZHANG J F, CHEN G C. Review of nitrogen cycle in plant-soil system based on application of 15N tracer technique[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2013, 21(5): 479−488 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.2013.05.016 [4] YANG L, GUO S, CHEN Q W, et al. Use of the stable nitrogen isotope to reveal the source-sink regulation of nitrogen uptake and remobilization during grain filling phase in maize[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(9): e0162201 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162201 [5] 王芬, 刘会, 冯敬涛, 等. 牛粪和生物炭对苹果根系生长、土壤特性和氮素利用的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(12): 1795−1801WANG F, LIU H, FENG J T, et al. Effects of cow dung and biochar on root growth, soil properties and nitrogen utilization of apple[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2018, 26(12): 1795−1801 [6] 祝海竣, 张听, 王学华, 等. 15N示踪技术分析不同灌溉模式下水稻对氮素的利用规律[J]. 分子植物育种, 2021, 19(11): 3687−3697ZHU H J, ZHANG T, WANG X H, et al. 15N tracer-based analysis on nitrogen utilization laws of rice under different irrigation modes[J]. Molecular Plant Breeding, 2021, 19(11): 3687−3697 [7] PAN X Y, BAQUY M A A, GUAN P, et al. Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2020, 20(3): 1435−1445 doi: 10.1007/s11368-019-02515-z [8] 徐明杰, 张琳, 汪新颖, 等. 不同管理方式对夏玉米氮素吸收、分配及去向的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015, 21(1): 36−45 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0104XU M J, ZHANG L, WANG X Y, et al. Effects of different management patterns on uptake, distribution and fate of nitrogen in summer maize[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(1): 36−45 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0104 [9] 党廷辉, 蔡贵信, 郭胜利, 等. 用15N标记肥料研究旱地冬小麦氮肥利用率与去向[J]. 核农学报, 2003, 17(4): 280−285 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2003.04.008DANG T H, CAI G X, GUO S L, et al. Study on nitrogen efficiencies of dry land wheat by 15N labeled fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica, 2003, 17(4): 280−285 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8551.2003.04.008 [10] 石玉, 于振文. 施氮量和氮肥底追比例对济麦20产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2010, 30(4): 710−714 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2010.04.024SHI Y, YU Z W. Effect of nitrogen rate and ratio of base and topdressing fertilizer on yield, quality and fertilizer-N use efficiency in wheat cultivar Jimai 20[J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2010, 30(4): 710−714 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2010.04.024 [11] 岳现录, 廖上强, 冀宏杰, 等. 青贮玉米-牛粪尿体系的15N标记及氮素转化研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(1): 24−27 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2012.00024YUE X L, LIAO S Q, JI H J, et al. Nitrogen-15 labeling and nitrogen transformation in silage maize-cattle manure system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(1): 24−27 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2012.00024 [12] DOMENE S M, DE OLIVEIRA A C. The use of nitrogen-15 labeling for the assessment of leguminous protein digestibility[J]. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 1993, 39(1): 47−53 doi: 10.3177/jnsv.39.47 [13] 廖先苓, 周卫军, 何电源. 应用15N示踪法研究稻草喂羊及还田的效应[J]. 核农学通报, 1994, 15(2): 89−93LIAO X L, ZHOU W J, HE D Y. Effect of straw feeding sheep and returning to field using 15N-tracing technique[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Science, 1994, 15(2): 89−93 [14] 尹浩冰, 马红媛, 梁正伟. 15N稳定同位素标记技术在草地生态系统氮循环中的研究进展[J]. 土壤与作物, 2014, 3(1): 15−21 doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2014.01.003YIN H B, MA H Y, LIANG Z W. Review of stable isotope technique in grassland nitrogen cycling study[J]. Soil and Crop, 2014, 3(1): 15−21 doi: 10.11689/j.issn.2095-2961.2014.01.003 [15] 黄秀声, 钟珍梅, 黄勤楼, 等. 利用15N示踪技术研究8种禾本科牧草对氮肥的吸收和转化效率[J]. 核农学报, 2014, 28(9): 1677−1684HUANG X S, ZHONG Z M, HUANG Q L, et al. Fertilizer-N uptake and conversion efficiency in 8 species of gramineous pastures by using 15N-tracing technique[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 28(9): 1677−1684 [16] 李源, 赵海明, 游永亮, 等. 海河低平原区施氮磷肥对高丹草生产性能及饲用品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2017, 34(2): 369−377 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0503LI Y, ZHAO H M, YOU Y L, et al. Effects of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer application on production performance and forage quality for Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense in Haihe lowland plain[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2017, 34(2): 369−377 doi: 10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0503 [17] 白春生, 佟明昊, 赵萌萌, 等. 施氮量和留茬高度对高丹草青贮发酵品质及饲用价值的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(5): 1421−1426BAI C S, TONG M H, ZHAO M M, et al. The effects of nitrogen fertilization and cutting height on silage fermentation quality and forage value of Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2020, 28(5): 1421−1426 [18] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M]. 3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000BAO S D. Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 [19] 翟学旭, 王振林, 戴忠民, 等. 施氮时期对冬小麦植株-土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响[J]. 山东农业科学, 2012, 44(12): 60−65 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2012.12.017ZHAI X X, WANG Z L, DAI Z M, et al. Effects of nitrogen topdressing stage on fate of fertilizer nitrogen in winter wheat-soil system using 15N tracer technique[J]. Shandong Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 44(12): 60−65 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4942.2012.12.017 [20] POWELL J M, WU Z G, KELLING K, et al. Differential nitrogen‐15 labeling of dairy manure components for nitrogen cycling studies[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96(2): 433−441 doi: 10.2134/agronj2004.4330 [21] 晏娟, 沈其荣, 尹斌, 等. 应用15N示踪技术研究水稻对氮肥的吸收和分配[J]. 核农学报, 2009, 23(3): 487−491, 496YAN J, SHEN Q R, YIN B, et al. Fertilizer-N uptake and distribution in rice plants using 15N tracer technique[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 23(3): 487−491, 496 [22] 马兴华, 于振文, 梁晓芳, 等. 施氮量和底追比例对小麦氮素利用和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(5): 95−98 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2006.05.023MA X H, YU Z W, LIANG X F, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate and ratio of base and topdressing on nitrogen utilization and soil NO3-N content in winter wheat[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(5): 95−98 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1009-2242.2006.05.023 -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(5) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 223
- HTML全文浏览量: 79
- PDF下载量: 33
- 被引次数: 0
