黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究

Regulation effects of fulvic acid on tomato yield and quality under saline water irrigation

  • 摘要: 针对环渤海盐碱区淡水资源匮乏制约作物生长的问题, 依据区域咸水资源禀赋, 研究黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控效应。采用基质栽培水肥一体化试验方法, 设置3个黄腐酸浓度水平: 0 mg·L−1、450 mg·L−1和900 mg·L−1; 5个咸水浓度水平: 1 g·L−1、3 g·L−1、5 g·L−1、7 g·L−1、9 g·L−1, 共15个处理。结果表明, 与不添加黄腐酸相比, 添加黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下的番茄均有显著的增产效果(P<0.05), 添加450 mg·L−1和900 mg·L−1黄腐酸分别增产6.14%~21.08%和12.83%~34.63%。随着灌溉咸水浓度的增加, 番茄单果重、单株果实数目、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C和番茄红素含量显著下降, 果实还原性糖含量呈先增加后下降的趋势; 施用450 mg·L−1和900 mg·L−1的黄腐酸均能提高咸水灌溉下番茄单果重、单株果实数、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C含量、番茄红素含量、还原性糖含量。随着黄腐酸浓度的增加, 番茄叶片脯氨酸含量和K+/Na+显著增加, 丙二醛含量和Na+含量显著降低。单株产量和耗水量均与K+/Na+呈极显著正相关, 与脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、Na+含量呈极显著负相关; 番茄果实维生素C含量和番茄红素含量均与K+/Na+呈显著正相关, 与丙二醛含量、Na+含量呈极显著负相关; 还原性糖含量与丙二醛含量、Na+含量呈显著负相关。上述结果表明, 黄腐酸主要通过促进有机渗透调节物质脯氨酸积累、提高K+/Na+以及降低膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的产生缓解咸水灌溉对番茄产量的抑制, 同时还能提高产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C、番茄红素和还原性糖含量, 改善番茄品质。

     

    Abstract: In view of the problem that lack of freshwater resources restricts crop growth in saline-alkali areas around Bohai Sea, the regulation effect of fulvic acid on the yield and quality of tomato under saline water irrigation was studied based on regional salt water resource endowment. In this study, the integrated water and fertilizer test method for substrate cultivation was adopted, and three fulvic acid concentrations: 0 mg·L−1, 450 mg·L−1, and 900 mg·L−1; and five salt water concentrations: 1 g·L−1, 3 g·L−1, 5 g·L−1,7 g·L−1, and 9 g·L−1, making a total of 15 treatments, were used for the experiment. The results showed that compared with no fulvic acid addition, fulvic acid addition had significant yield-increasing effects on tomatoes under different saline water concentrations. The yields of tomatoes under 450 and 900 mg·L−1 fulvic acid increased by 6.14%−21.08% and 12.83%−34.63%, respectively. With the increase in salt water concentration, tomato fruit weight, fruits number per plant, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency, vitamin C content, and lycopene content decreased significantly and fruit reducing sugar content increased first and then decreased. Under saline water irrigation, the applications of 450 and 900 mg·L−1 fulvic acid increased tomato single fruit weight, fruits number per plant, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency, vitamin C content, lycopene content, reducing sugar content. With the increase in fulvic acid concentration, proline content and K+/Na+ in tomato leaves increased significantly, whereas malondialdehyde and Na+ contents decreased significantly. The yield and water consumption per plant positively correlated with K+/Na+ and negatively correlated with contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and Na+; vitamin C and lycopene contents in tomato fruit significantly positively correlated with K+/Na+ and negatively correlated with malondialdehyde and Na+ contents. A significant negative correlation was observed between reducing sugar content and malondialdehyde and Na+ contents. The above results showed that fulvic acid could alleviate the inhibition effect of salt water irrigation on tomato yield and also promote the yield, water use efficiency, and vitamin C, lycopene, and reducing sugar contents. Fulvic acid alleviated salt stress mainly by promoting the accumulation of organic osmotic adjustment substance proline, increasing K+/Na+, and reducing the production of the membrane lipid peroxidation product — malondialdehyde.

     

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