黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究

陈佩; 王金涛; 董心亮; 田柳; 张雪佳; 刘小京; 孙宏勇

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220178

黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控研究

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220178

陈佩^{1, 2,},
王金涛¹,
董心亮¹,
田柳^{1, 2},
张雪佳^{1, 2},
刘小京^{1, 2},
孙宏勇^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室　石家庄　050022
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1900904)和中国科学院盐碱地资源高效利用工程实验室(KFJ-PTXM-017)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
陈佩, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程及调控。E-mail: chenpei19@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:
孙宏勇, 主要研究方向为农田水盐运移过程机理与调控。E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: S641.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-10
- 录用日期: 2022-07-12
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-23
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-10

Regulation effects of fulvic acid on tomato yield and quality under saline water irrigation

CHEN Pei^{1, 2
,},
WANG Jintao¹,
DONG Xinliang¹,
TIAN Liu^{1, 2},
ZHANG Xuejia^{1, 2},
LIU Xiaojing^{1, 2},
SUN Hongyong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2021YFD1900904) and the CAS Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Saline Resources (KFJ-PTXM-017).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: hysun@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 针对环渤海盐碱区淡水资源匮乏制约作物生长的问题, 依据区域咸水资源禀赋, 研究黄腐酸对咸水灌溉下番茄产量和品质的调控效应。采用基质栽培水肥一体化试验方法, 设置3个黄腐酸浓度水平: 0 mg·L⁻¹、450 mg·L⁻¹和900 mg·L⁻¹; 5个咸水浓度水平: 1 g·L⁻¹、3 g·L⁻¹、5 g·L⁻¹、7 g·L⁻¹、9 g·L⁻¹, 共15个处理。结果表明, 与不添加黄腐酸相比, 添加黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下的番茄均有显著的增产效果(P<0.05), 添加450 mg·L⁻¹和900 mg·L⁻¹黄腐酸分别增产6.14%~21.08%和12.83%~34.63%。随着灌溉咸水浓度的增加, 番茄单果重、单株果实数目、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C和番茄红素含量显著下降, 果实还原性糖含量呈先增加后下降的趋势; 施用450 mg·L⁻¹和900 mg·L⁻¹的黄腐酸均能提高咸水灌溉下番茄单果重、单株果实数、耗水量、产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C含量、番茄红素含量、还原性糖含量。随着黄腐酸浓度的增加, 番茄叶片脯氨酸含量和K⁺/Na⁺显著增加, 丙二醛含量和Na⁺含量显著降低。单株产量和耗水量均与K⁺/Na⁺呈极显著正相关, 与脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量、Na⁺含量呈极显著负相关; 番茄果实维生素C含量和番茄红素含量均与K⁺/Na⁺呈显著正相关, 与丙二醛含量、Na⁺含量呈极显著负相关; 还原性糖含量与丙二醛含量、Na⁺含量呈显著负相关。上述结果表明, 黄腐酸主要通过促进有机渗透调节物质脯氨酸积累、提高K⁺/Na⁺以及降低膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛的产生缓解咸水灌溉对番茄产量的抑制, 同时还能提高产量水分利用效率、果实维生素C、番茄红素和还原性糖含量, 改善番茄品质。
- 黄腐酸 /
- 咸水灌溉 /
- 番茄 /
- 产量 /
- 品质
Abstract: In view of the problem that lack of freshwater resources restricts crop growth in saline-alkali areas around Bohai Sea, the regulation effect of fulvic acid on the yield and quality of tomato under saline water irrigation was studied based on regional salt water resource endowment. In this study, the integrated water and fertilizer test method for substrate cultivation was adopted, and three fulvic acid concentrations: 0 mg·L⁻¹, 450 mg·L⁻¹, and 900 mg·L⁻¹; and five salt water concentrations: 1 g·L⁻¹, 3 g·L⁻¹, 5 g·L⁻¹,7 g·L⁻¹, and 9 g·L⁻¹, making a total of 15 treatments, were used for the experiment. The results showed that compared with no fulvic acid addition, fulvic acid addition had significant yield-increasing effects on tomatoes under different saline water concentrations. The yields of tomatoes under 450 and 900 mg·L⁻¹ fulvic acid increased by 6.14%−21.08% and 12.83%−34.63%, respectively. With the increase in salt water concentration, tomato fruit weight, fruits number per plant, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency, vitamin C content, and lycopene content decreased significantly and fruit reducing sugar content increased first and then decreased. Under saline water irrigation, the applications of 450 and 900 mg·L⁻¹ fulvic acid increased tomato single fruit weight, fruits number per plant, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency, vitamin C content, lycopene content, reducing sugar content. With the increase in fulvic acid concentration, proline content and K⁺/Na⁺ in tomato leaves increased significantly, whereas malondialdehyde and Na⁺ contents decreased significantly. The yield and water consumption per plant positively correlated with K⁺/Na⁺ and negatively correlated with contents of proline, malondialdehyde, and Na⁺; vitamin C and lycopene contents in tomato fruit significantly positively correlated with K⁺/Na⁺ and negatively correlated with malondialdehyde and Na⁺ contents. A significant negative correlation was observed between reducing sugar content and malondialdehyde and Na⁺ contents. The above results showed that fulvic acid could alleviate the inhibition effect of salt water irrigation on tomato yield and also promote the yield, water use efficiency, and vitamin C, lycopene, and reducing sugar contents. Fulvic acid alleviated salt stress mainly by promoting the accumulation of organic osmotic adjustment substance proline, increasing K⁺/Na⁺, and reducing the production of the membrane lipid peroxidation product — malondialdehyde.
- Fulvic acid /
- Saline water irrigation /
- Tomato /
- Yield /
- Quality

HTML全文

图 1 黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄耗水量和产量水分利用效率的影响

F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L⁻¹)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L⁻¹)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同大、小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸处理不同咸水浓度处理间、相同咸水浓度处理下不同黄腐酸处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 1. Effects of fulvic acid on water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency of tomato yield (WUR_Y) under different concentrations of saline water for irrigation

F0, F450, F900 indicate fulvic acid concentrations of 0, 450 and 900 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 indicate salt water concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 g·L⁻¹, respectively. The capital and lowercase letters indicate significant differences among different salt water concentration treatments with the same fulvic acid concentration and different fulvic acid treatments with the same salt water concentration, respectively, at P<0.05 level.

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图 2 黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄果实还原性糖、维生素C、番茄红素含量的影响

F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L⁻¹)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L⁻¹)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同大、小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸处理不同咸水浓度处理间、相同咸水浓度不同黄腐酸处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 2. Effect of fulvic acid on quality indexes of tomato under different concentrations of saline water for irrigation

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图 3 黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、Na⁺含量、K⁺/Na⁺的影响

F0、F450、F900分别表示黄腐酸浓度(mg·L⁻¹)为0、450、900; S1、S3、S5、S7和S9分别表示咸水浓度(g·L⁻¹)为1、3、5、7和9。图中不同小写字母表示不同处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 3. Effects of fulvic acid application on proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), Na⁺ contents and K⁺/Na⁺ of tomato leaves under different concentrations of saline water for irrigation

F0, F450, F900 indicate fulvic acid concentrations of 0, 450 and 900 mg·L⁻¹, respectively. S1, S3, S5, S7, S9 indicate salt water concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 g·L⁻¹, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences among different treatments at P<0.05 level.

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表 1 不同浓度咸水的盐离子含量

Table 1. Saline ions concentrations in irrigation water with different salinities used for the experiment

g·L⁻¹
咸水浓度 Salinity of salt water (g·L⁻¹)	HCO₃⁻	Cl⁻	SO₄²⁻	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺+Na⁺
1	0.12	0.70	0.12	0.04	0.03	0.44
3	0.12	1.91	0.12	0.04	0.03	1.20
5	0.12	3.30	0.15	0.04	0.03	2.11
7	0.12	4.25	0.15	0.04	0.03	2.71
9	0.12	5.18	0.21	0.04	0.03	3.40

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表 2 不同处理的总灌溉量和灌水带入的盐和黄腐酸量

Table 2. Total irrigation amount and the equivalent solid salt amount and fulvic acid (FA) added with irrigation to each pot

黄腐酸浓度 FA concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	咸水浓度 Salinity of salt water (g∙L⁻¹)	总灌溉量 Total irrigation amount (mm)	灌水带入盐量 Salt amount added to each pot (g)	灌水带入黄腐酸量 FA added to each pot (g)
0	1(CK)	406.67	45.14	0.00
	3	413.33	106.02	0.00
	5	378.33	162.02	0.00
	7	346.67	189.28	0.00
	9	256.67	172.87	0.00
450	1	413.33	45.88	13.95
	3	410.00	105.17	13.84
	5	350.00	149.89	11.81
	7	335.00	182.91	11.31
	9	270.00	181.85	9.11
900	1	413.33	45.88	27.90
	3	410.00	105.17	27.68
	5	326.67	139.90	22.05
	7	290.00	158.34	19.58
	9	273.33	184.09	18.45

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表 3 黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄单果重、单株果实个数和单株产量的影响

Table 3. Effects of fulvic acid on single fruit weight, fruits number per plant and yield per plant of tomato under different concentrations of saline water for irrigation

黄腐酸浓度 Fulvic acid concentration (mg∙L⁻¹)	咸水浓度 Salinity of salt water (g∙L⁻¹)	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	单株果实个数 Number of fruits per plant	单株产量 Yield per plant (g)
0	1(CK)	57.87±6.80Aa	7.25±0.96Aa	414.84±17.59Ab
	3	44.82±4.28Ba	8.00±0.82Aa	355.93±2.72Bb
	5	36.78±2.42Ca	7.75±1.26Aa	284.39±46.44Ca
	7	31.65±2.14Ca	7.33±0.47Aa	232.00±20.32Ca
	9	23.23±5.16Da	5.50±1.29Bb	129.00±51.50Da
450	1	60.76±10.10Aa	7.50±1.00Aa	453.29±86.33Aab
	3	48.03±4.04Ba	8.33±0.47Aa	399.77±34.29Aab
	5	37.88±3.38Ca	8.00±0.82Aa	301.86±27.47Ba
	7	33.86±3.24Ca	7.67±0.47Aa	259.11±23.44Ba
	9	25.70±3.36Da	6.00±0.82Bab	156.19±41.43Ca
900	1	61.21±2.93Aa	7.75±1.50ABa	476.49±108.34Aa
	3	51.62±7.94Ba	8.50±0.58Aa	439.18±78.68Aa
	5	38.58±7.67Ca	8.25±0.50Aa	320.87±83.76Ba
	7	35.57±1.85Ca	7.67±0.47ABa	272.11±3.57Ba
	9	26.18±1.23Da	6.67±0.94Ba	173.67±15.95Ca
显著性 Significance
咸水 Salt water (S)		**	**	**
黄腐酸 Fulvic acid (F)		NS	*	**
S×F		NS	NS	NS
表中数据为平均值±标准误差, 同列不同大、小写字母分别表示相同黄腐酸浓度不同咸水浓度间、相同咸水浓度不同黄腐酸浓度间在P<0.05水平差异显著; 和分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著; NS表示无显著性差异。The data in the table is mean ± standard error. The capital and lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences among different salt water concentrations with the same fulvic acid concentration and different fulvic acid concentrations with the same salt water concentration, respectively, at P<0.05 level. and ** represent significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively. NS indicates no significant difference.

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表 4 黄腐酸对不同浓度咸水灌溉下番茄叶片脯氨酸、丙二醛、Na⁺含量、K⁺/Na⁺的双因素方差分析

Table 4. Two factor analysis of variance of fulvic acid on proline, malondialdehyde, Na⁺ contents and K⁺/Na⁺ of tomato leaves under different concentrations of salt water for irrigation

	脯氨酸 Proline	丙二醛 Malondialdehyde	Na⁺	K⁺/Na⁺
咸水 Salt water (S)	8745.63^**	5681.91^**	20 796.02^**	2533.45^**
黄腐酸 Fulvic acid (F)	3688.22^**	8546.86^**	1159.20^**	296.84^**
S×F	106.84^**	1257.70^**	163.99^**	87.64^**

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表 5 番茄产量、耗水、品质与生化指标的相关分析

Table 5. Correlation analysis of tomato yield, water consumption, quality and biochemical indexes

指标 Index	Y	ET	WUE_Y	RS	VC	Ly	Pro	MDA	Na⁺	K⁺/Na⁺
Y	1.000
ET	0.993^**	1.000
WUE_Y	0.982^**	0.967^**	1.000
RS	0.632^*	0.641^**	0.706^**	1.000
VC	0.850^**	0.859^**	0.851^**	0.818^**	1.000
Ly	0.658^**	0.658^**	0.660^**	0.765^**	0.905^**	1.000
Pro	−0.770^**	−0.773^**	−0.723^**	−0.136	−0.408	−0.091	1.000
MDA	−0.747^**	−0.780^**	−0.707^**	−0.615^*	−0.860^**	−0.828^**	0.354	1.000
Na⁺	−0.958^**	−0.962^**	−0.916^**	−0.522^*	−0.793^**	−0.563^*	0.834^**	0.695^**	1.000
K⁺/Na⁺	0.896^**	0.897^**	0.814^**	0.383	0.698^**	0.567^*	−0.739^**	−0.647^**	−0.896^**	1.000
表中指标分别为番茄单株产量(Y)、耗水量(ET)、产量水分利用效率(WUE_Y)、还原性糖(RS)、维生素C (V_C)、番茄红素(Ly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)、Na⁺、K⁺/Na⁺; 和分别表示相关性达P<0.05和P<0.01显著水平。The indexes in the table were tomato yield per plant (Y), water consumption (ET), yield water use efficiency (WUE_Y), reducing sugar (RS), vitamin C (VC), lycopene (Ly), proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA ), Na⁺, K⁺/Na⁺. and ** indicate significant correlation at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.

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