养殖场圈舍环节粪污酸化氨减排技术研究与应用

刘娟; 王选; 曹玉博; 柏兆海; 马林

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220538

养殖场圈舍环节粪污酸化氨减排技术研究与应用

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220538

刘娟^{1, 2,},
王选^{1, 3},
曹玉博^{1, 2},
柏兆海¹,
马林^1, ,

1.
中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室　石家庄　050022
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049
3.
雄安创新研究院　雄安　071700

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(20327305D)、河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018120206)、河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋肉鸡产业创新团队项目(HBCT2018150209)和河北省‘三三三人才工程’ 项目(A202110001)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘娟, 主要从事农业生态学研究。E-mail: liujuan690317@163.com

通讯作者:
马林, 主要从事农业生态学和养分管理研究。E-mail: malin1979@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: X713
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-12
- 录用日期: 2022-09-16
- 修回日期: 2022-09-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-07
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-10

Study on ammonia reduction technology by manure surface acidification in animal housing

LIU Juan^{1, 2
,},
WANG Xuan^{1, 3},
CAO Yubo^{1, 2},
BAI Zhaohai¹,
MA Lin^{1
, ,}

1.
Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Xiong’an Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiong’an 071700, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (20327305D), Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Dairy Cow Industry Innovation Team Project (HBCT2018120206), Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Egg Broiler Industry Innovation Team Project (HBCT2018150209), and Hebei “Three-Three-Three Talents Project” Funded Project (A202110001).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: malin1979@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 本研究针对养殖场圈舍环节氨挥发量大, 缺少可原位实施的氨减排技术的现状, 欲探究一种经济、高效、可实施并可广泛推广的圈舍原位氨减排技术。本研究利用圈舍模拟试验探索了不同剂量的硫酸和青贮渗出液对粪尿氨挥发的影响, 筛选可用于圈舍原位氨减排的酸化条件; 并进一步研发动物圈舍原位酸化氨减排设备, 将模拟试验筛选出的酸化条件应用于原位圈舍, 从氨减排效果和经济两个方面综合探究动物圈舍原位酸化技术的可行性。研究结果表明, 硫酸和青贮液可快速降低粪尿氨挥发: 以不喷酸作为对照, 按0.03 g∙m⁻²的喷施量, 在试验开始喷洒一次硫酸和青贮液, 可分别降低氨挥发排放速率39.1% (P<0.05)和42.7% (P<0.05), 但其减氨效果仅维持8 h左右。鉴于硫酸难以市场流通、青贮液无法雾化, 原位圈舍采用青贮液的主要成分乳酸作为酸化剂。本研究利用原位酸化氨减排设备对圈舍粪尿以不同频率喷酸时, 每天按0.03 g∙m⁻²的剂量喷洒乳酸(0.01 mol∙L⁻¹) 3次(8:00、16:00、0:00)时氨减排效率最高, 与不喷酸相比, 氨减排效率为55.6% (P<0.01); 每天喷洒2次(8:00、16:00) 氨减排成本最低, 为147元∙kg⁻¹(NH₃)。本研究为养殖场圈舍环节提供了一项可实施的高效减氨技术, 但其成本仍较高, 该技术的广泛推广和应用还需进一步降低设备成本。
- 圈舍 /
- 畜禽粪污 /
- 氨气 /
- 氨减排技术 /
- 原位酸化技术
Abstract: Animal housing plays an important role in NH₃ emissions from livestock, and in situ technology for NH₃ mitigation is lacking in China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore an efficient, economic, and practical technology to reduce NH₃ emissions from in situ animal housing. Here, we determined the effects of sulfuric acid and silage leachate at different doses on NH₃ emissions in a simulated experiment to select the best acidification conditions that could be applied to in situ NH₃ reduction technology in animal housing. We then designed and equipped a set of NH₃ mitigation technologies (an acid spraying device) in sheep housing and applied the selected acidification conditions to explore the effect of NH₃ mitigation technology on NH₃ emissions from the perspective of NH₃ reduction efficiency and economy. The results showed that sulfuric acid and silage leachate can reduce NH₃ emissions efficiently. The NH₃ reduction rates were 39.1% (P<0.05) for sulfuric acid and 42.7% (P<0.05) for silage leachate, respectively, when the spraying dose was 0.03 g·m⁻², but it only worked within 8 h. Because sulfuric acid is difficult to obtain on the market and atomizing silage leachate is challenging, lactic acid, the main component of silage leachate, was used as an acidifier in in situ housing. When spraying lactic acid at the dose of 0.03 g·m⁻² (0.01 mol·L⁻¹) three times per day (8:00, 16:00, 0:00) by using an acid spraying device, NH₃ reduction efficiency was the highest (55.6%, P<0.01); NH₃ concentrations in the daytime were reduced by 67.0% (P<0.01) (3 m height) and 72.0% (P<0.01) (0 m height), respectively, when acid was sprayed once per day at 8:00, but there was no influence on NH₃ concentration at night. When the acidification frequency was two times per day at 8:00 and 16:00, NH₃ concentration could be reduced throughout the day, and there was a more efficient reduction in the daytime with 72.0% (P<0.01) (3 m height) and 56.5% (P<0.01) (0 m height) than that in nighttime with 32.1% (P<0.01) and 25.8% (P<0.01) at 3 m and 0 m height, respectively. As for the cost of NH₃ reduction, spraying acid twice per day was the lowest at 147 ¥·kg⁻¹(NH₃), and the cost for three- and one-time acidification was 165 ¥·kg⁻¹(NH₃) and 211 ¥·kg⁻¹(NH₃), respectively. Infrastructure was the largest cost, accounting for approximately 80% of all costs. This study provides a feasible and efficient NH₃ reduction technology for in situ animal housing, but there is a need to improve the equipment cost for the wide promotion and application of this technology.
- Animal housing /
- Animal manure /
- Ammonia /
- Ammonia reduction technology /
- In situ acidification technology

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图 1 模拟圈舍酸化试验中喷酸及氨气测定方法

Figure 1. Method of spraying acid and NH₃ measurement in the experiment

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图 2 圈舍喷酸系统平面图、气体监测仪和采样点位置

Figure 2. Floor plan of booth acid spray system, gas monitor and sampling points location

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图 3 不同酸化剂及添加量对羊粪表面氨气排放速率和累积排放量的影响

图例中“A”表示添加量为0.02 g∙m⁻², “B”表示添加量为0.03 g∙m⁻²。In legend, “A” means that the additive amount is 0.02 g∙m⁻², “B” means that the additive amount is 0.03 g∙m⁻².

Figure 3. Effect of different acidifiers and addition amounts on ammonia emission rate and cumulative of sheep manure compost

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图 4 每天不同酸化次数对圈舍氨浓度的影响

图a、c、e为3 m高度氨浓度, 图b、d、f为0 m高度氨浓度, g为不同酸化次数下的平均氨浓度。Figure a, c and e show the ammonia concentration at the hight of 3 m, figure b, d and f show the ammonia concentration at the hight of 0 m, figure g is the average ammonia concentration under different acidification times.

Figure 4. Effect of daily acidification times on ammonia concentration in the test housing

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图 5 氨浓度与圈舍环境因子的相关关系

T: 温度; RH: 湿度; WS: 风速; 0 m: 0 m高度处的氨浓度; 3 m: 3 m高度处的氨浓度。实线表示正相关, 虚线表示负相关。**表示P<0.01水平显著相关。T: temperature; RH: humidity; WS: wind speed; 0 m: ammonia concentration at the height of 0 m; 3 m: ammonia concentration at the height of 3 m. Solid line means positive correlation, and dotted line means negetive correlation.

Figure 5. Correlation of NH₃ concentration with environmental factors

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表 1 不同添加化剂对粪尿NH₄⁺-N、NO_x-N、总氮(TN)、pH和含水率的影响

Table 1. Effects of different additives on NH₄⁺-N, NO_x-N, total nitrogen, pH and moisture content in manure samples

样品 Sample	NH₄⁺-N (g∙kg⁻¹)		NO_x-N (g∙kg⁻¹)		pH		总氮 Total nitrogen (g∙kg⁻¹)		含水率 Moisture (%)
样品 Sample	24 h	72 h	24 h	72 h	24 h	72 h	24 h	72 h	24 h	72 h
对照 Control	0.81	1.12±0.12a	0.45	0.24±0.01a	8.59	8.59±0.04a	22.45	20.96±0.47a	68.74	70.16±0.02a
硫酸A Sulfuric acid A	1.38	0.68±0.10b	0.23	0.28±0.09a	8.54	8.59±0.07a	22.17	21.79±0.38a	69.99	65.82±0.01a
硫酸B Sulfuric acid B	1.09	0.65±0.12b	0.22	0.22±0.01a	8.68	8.62±0.06a	21.48	21.71±0.27a	71.07	67.00±0.00a
青贮液A Silage leachate A	1.15	0.70±0.10b	0.23	0.37±0.11a	8.46	8.70±0.086a	21.45	21.65±0.61a	71.09	64.60±0.02a
青贮液B Silage leachate B	1.34	0.85±0.16a	0.24	0.30±0.11a	8.46	8.70±0.08a	22.81	22.41±0.48a	71.36	65.07±0.04a
A表示添加量为0.02 g∙m⁻², B表示添加量为0.03 g∙m⁻²。原始样品的NH₄⁺-N、NO_x-N、pH、总氮和含水率分别为(1.70±0.13) g∙kg⁻¹、(0.23±0.00) g∙kg⁻¹、8.59±0.01、(21.10±0.21) g∙kg⁻¹和73.4%。平均值中相同小写字母表示在95%置信水平上无显著性差异。“A” means that the additive amount is 0.02 g∙m⁻², “B” means that the additive amount is 0.03 g∙m⁻². The content of NH₄⁺-N, NO_x-N, total nitrogen and water of original samples are (1.70±0.13) g∙kg⁻¹, (0.23±0.00) g∙kg⁻¹, (21.10±0.21) g∙kg⁻¹ and 73.4%, respectively, with pH of 8.59±0.01. Means followed by the same lowercase letter in each column are not significantly different at a 95% confidence level.

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表 2 圈舍表面酸化氨减排技术成本投入

Table 2. Cost of ammonia reduction technology of manure surface acidification in housing

项目 Category		应用频率 Applying times per day
项目 Category		1	2	3
设备投入成本 Up-front cost (×10⁶ ¥∙a⁻¹)		2.9	2.9	2.9
固定运行成本 Fixed operation cost (×10⁵ ¥∙a⁻¹)		2.3	2.3	2.3
可变运行成本 Variable operation cost	电力 Electricity (×10³ ¥∙a⁻¹)	9.7	19.0	29.0
	酸 Acid (×10⁴ ¥∙a⁻¹)	7.0	14.0	21.0
	人工 Labor (×10⁵ ¥∙a⁻¹)	1.8	1.8	1.8
年总成本 Annual cost (×10⁶ ¥∙a⁻¹)		3.4	3.5	3.7
减氨成本 Ammonia reduction cost [ ¥∙kg⁻¹(NH₃)]		211	147	165

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