地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算以河北省南皮县为例

Determination of water price and estimation of water savings and emission reduction in groundwater irrigation areas: A case study of Nanpi County, Hebei Province

  • 摘要: 研究并提出合理的水价调整方案是农业水价综合改革的需求。本文提出地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算方法, 采用“以电折水”方法计算现状灌溉用水量与现状水价, 运用双对数模型建立灌溉用水价格弹性函数, 依据剩余价值方法计算理想水价, 借鉴农田营养物流失模型计算节水的营养物减排量。以河北省南皮县为例进行实证分析, 研究表明: 1)根据问卷调研数据与“以电折水”计算方法, 获得小麦和玉米现状水价分别为0.44 ¥∙m−3 和0.48 ¥∙m−3。2)根据现状水价、现状灌溉用水量与双对数模型, 获得小麦和玉米水价弹性系数分别为−0.47和−0.71。3)灌溉定额对应的理论水价小麦和玉米分别为0.52 ¥∙m−3和0.77 ¥∙m−3, 理想水价分别为0.84 ¥∙m−3和1.01 ¥∙m−3。4)以理论水价作为推荐方案, 该方案下水费占成本比例低于15%, 小麦和玉米水价提升空间分别为0.08 ¥∙m−3和0.29 ¥∙m−3, 节水潜力为235.05 m3∙hm−2和682.80 m3∙hm−2; 氨氮、总氮和总磷的减排量小麦为5.2~19.2 g∙hm−2、52.7~195.4 g∙hm−2和4.6~16.9 g∙hm−2, 玉米为18.5~27.6 g∙hm−2、189.1~281.2 g∙hm−2和16.3~24.3 g∙hm−2。农业水价综合改革是一项系统工程, 需要相关配套政策的支持, 建议在节水技术采纳、土地流转和规模化经营、灌溉定额管理制度等方面, 给予政策倾斜和相关的激励政策, 以利于农业水价综合改革的推进。

     

    Abstract: A comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices is required to study and propose a reasonable water price adjustment scheme. The method regarding the determination of water price and the estimation of water savings and pollutant emission reduction in groundwater irrigation areas were proposed, and the current irrigation water use and current water price were calculated by using the method of “converting electricity into the water”. The double logarithm model was used to establish the price elasticity function of irrigation water demand. The ideal water price was calculated using the residual value method, and the pollutant emission reduction from water savings was calculated using the farmland pollution logistics loss model. Taking Nanpi County of Hebei Province as an example, the results showed that the current water prices of wheat and corn are 0.44 ¥∙m−3 and 0.48 ¥∙m−3, respectively. The water price elasticity coefficients of wheat and corn are −0.47 and −0.71, respectively. The actual water prices of wheat and corn corresponding to the irrigation quota are 0.52 ¥∙m−3 and 0.77 ¥∙m−3, respectively, and the ideal water prices are 0.84 ¥∙m−3 and 1.01 ¥∙m−3, respectively. As per the recommended scheme, the theoretical water price accounts for less than 15% of the total cost, the increased range for water price of wheat and corn is 0.08 ¥∙m−3 and 0.29 ¥∙m−3, respectively; and the water-saving potential is 235.05 m3∙hm−2, 682.80 m3∙hm−2. The nutrient emission reduction of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus are 5.2−19.2 g∙hm−2, 52.7−195.4 g∙hm−2, and 4.6−16.9 g∙hm−2 for wheat; and 18.5−27.6 g∙hm−2, 189.1−281.2 g∙hm−2, and 16.3−24.3 g∙hm−2 for corn, respectively. As the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices is a systematic project, it needs the support of relevant supporting policies. This study suggests the adoption of water-saving technology, land transfer, large-scale operation, and irrigation quota management systems to promote comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices through relevant incentive policies.

     

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