地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算

王西琴; 姜智强; 张馨月

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220579

地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算以河北省南皮县为例

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220579

王西琴^1,,
姜智强¹,
张馨月^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院　北京　100872
2.
中国水利水电科学研究院水利研究所　北京　100038

基金项目: 国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA074)和国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07111001)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
王西琴, 主要研究方向为资源管理与环境经济学、农村区域发展与环境政策等。E-mail: wxiqin@ruc.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张馨月, 主要研究方向为资源管理与环境经济学、农村区域发展与环境政策等。E-mail: xyz0817@163.com

中图分类号: X24
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-26
- 录用日期: 2022-10-22
- 修回日期: 2022-10-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-10

Determination of water price and estimation of water savings and emission reduction in groundwater irrigation areas: A case study of Nanpi County, Hebei Province

1.
School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, China Renmin University, Beijing 100872, China
2.
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Major Projects of National Social Science Foundation of China (18ZDA074) and the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment of China (2018ZX07111001).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xyz0817@163.com

摘要

摘要: 研究并提出合理的水价调整方案是农业水价综合改革的需求。本文提出地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算方法, 采用“以电折水”方法计算现状灌溉用水量与现状水价, 运用双对数模型建立灌溉用水价格弹性函数, 依据剩余价值方法计算理想水价, 借鉴农田营养物流失模型计算节水的营养物减排量。以河北省南皮县为例进行实证分析, 研究表明: 1)根据问卷调研数据与“以电折水”计算方法, 获得小麦和玉米现状水价分别为0.44 ¥∙m⁻³ 和0.48 ¥∙m⁻³。2)根据现状水价、现状灌溉用水量与双对数模型, 获得小麦和玉米水价弹性系数分别为−0.47和−0.71。3)灌溉定额对应的理论水价小麦和玉米分别为0.52 ¥∙m⁻³和0.77 ¥∙m⁻³, 理想水价分别为0.84 ¥∙m⁻³和1.01 ¥∙m⁻³。4)以理论水价作为推荐方案, 该方案下水费占成本比例低于15%, 小麦和玉米水价提升空间分别为0.08 ¥∙m⁻³和0.29 ¥∙m⁻³, 节水潜力为235.05 m³∙hm⁻²和682.80 m³∙hm⁻²; 氨氮、总氮和总磷的减排量小麦为5.2~19.2 g∙hm⁻²、52.7~195.4 g∙hm⁻²和4.6~16.9 g∙hm⁻², 玉米为18.5~27.6 g∙hm⁻²、189.1~281.2 g∙hm⁻²和16.3~24.3 g∙hm⁻²。农业水价综合改革是一项系统工程, 需要相关配套政策的支持, 建议在节水技术采纳、土地流转和规模化经营、灌溉定额管理制度等方面, 给予政策倾斜和相关的激励政策, 以利于农业水价综合改革的推进。
- 地下水灌区 /
- 农业水价 /
- 节水减排 /
- 灌溉定额 /
- 水价改革建议
Abstract: A comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices is required to study and propose a reasonable water price adjustment scheme. The method regarding the determination of water price and the estimation of water savings and pollutant emission reduction in groundwater irrigation areas were proposed, and the current irrigation water use and current water price were calculated by using the method of “converting electricity into the water”. The double logarithm model was used to establish the price elasticity function of irrigation water demand. The ideal water price was calculated using the residual value method, and the pollutant emission reduction from water savings was calculated using the farmland pollution logistics loss model. Taking Nanpi County of Hebei Province as an example, the results showed that the current water prices of wheat and corn are 0.44 ¥∙m⁻³ and 0.48 ¥∙m⁻³, respectively. The water price elasticity coefficients of wheat and corn are −0.47 and −0.71, respectively. The actual water prices of wheat and corn corresponding to the irrigation quota are 0.52 ¥∙m⁻³ and 0.77 ¥∙m⁻³, respectively, and the ideal water prices are 0.84 ¥∙m⁻³ and 1.01 ¥∙m⁻³, respectively. As per the recommended scheme, the theoretical water price accounts for less than 15% of the total cost, the increased range for water price of wheat and corn is 0.08 ¥∙m⁻³ and 0.29 ¥∙m⁻³, respectively; and the water-saving potential is 235.05 m³∙hm⁻², 682.80 m³∙hm⁻². The nutrient emission reduction of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus are 5.2−19.2 g∙hm⁻², 52.7−195.4 g∙hm⁻², and 4.6−16.9 g∙hm⁻² for wheat; and 18.5−27.6 g∙hm⁻², 189.1−281.2 g∙hm⁻², and 16.3−24.3 g∙hm⁻² for corn, respectively. As the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices is a systematic project, it needs the support of relevant supporting policies. This study suggests the adoption of water-saving technology, land transfer, large-scale operation, and irrigation quota management systems to promote comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices through relevant incentive policies.
- Groundwater irrigation area /
- Agricultural water price /
- Water saving and emission reduction /
- Irrigation quota /
- Proposals for water price reform

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图 1 地下水灌区水价确定及其节水减排估算研究思路

Figure 1. Research ideas on determination of water price and estimation of water conservation and pollutant emission reduction in groundwater irrigation areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 南皮县小麦(a)和玉米(b)灌溉用水价格和灌溉用水量曲线

Figure 2. Irrigation water demand price and irrigation water demand curves of wheat (a) and corn (b) in Nanpi County

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 南皮县小麦、玉米生产投入产出参数值

Table 1. Input-output parameter values of wheat and corn production in Nanpi County

¥∙m⁻³
参数 Parameter	小麦 Wheat	玉米 Corn
产出 Output value	14 158.05	11 688.75
种子 Seed	1348.5	647.55
化肥 Chemical fertilizer	2361	1824.6
农药 Pesticides	260.1	222.45
除草剂 Herbicide	204.3	230.85
机械 Mechanical input	1760.7	1506.9
劳动 Labour	1771.95	1329.9
土地 Land input	2620.05	2758.5
平均用电量 Average electricity consumption	1470.45	914.55
灌溉电费 Irrigation electricity charge	1128.6	769.5
数据来源于问卷调研。The data came from a questionnaire survey.

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表 2 南皮县灌溉用水量与水价计算结果

Table 2. Calculation results of irrigation water consumption and water price in Nanpi County

作物 Crop	现状 Current situation	理论 Theory			理想 Ideal
作物 Crop	灌溉用水量 Irrigation water volume (m³∙hm⁻²)	以电折水计算水价 Water price calculated through converting electricity into water (¥∙m⁻³)	灌溉定额 Irrigation quota (m³∙hm⁻²)	理论水价 Theoretical water price (¥∙m⁻³)	余值方法计算水价 Water price calculated with residual value method (¥∙m⁻³)	用水量 Water demand (m³∙hm⁻²)
小麦 Wheat	3235.05	0.44	3000	0.52	0.84	2392.20
玉米 Corn	2377.80	0.48	1695	0.77	1.01	1395.45

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表 3 南皮县灌溉用水价格弹性函数

Table 3. Price (P) elasticity function of irrigation water demand (Q) in Nanpi County

作物 Crop	用水价格函数 Water demand price function	弹性系数 Elasticity coefficient	调整的R² Adjusted R²	显著性(P) Test of significance
小麦 Wheat	lnQ=−0.47lnP+4.99	−0.47	62.04	0.0039
玉米 Corn	lnQ=−0.71lnP+4.54	−0.71	62.04	0.0053

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表 4 不同水价改革情景方案下南皮县农业水价提升空间及其节水减排估算结果

Table 4. Increasing range of agricultural water price, estimated results of water conservation and pollutant emission reduction under different water price reform schemes in Nanpi County

情景方案 Reform scheme	作物 Crop	现状水价 Current water price (¥∙m⁻³)	改革后水价 Water price after reform (¥∙m⁻³)	现状用水量 Current water use (m³∙hm⁻²)	改革后用水量 Water use after reform (m³∙hm⁻²)	节水潜力 Water saving potential (m³∙hm⁻²)	节水减排量 Amount of pollutant emission reduction (g∙hm⁻²)			灌溉水费占成本比例 Proportion of irrigation water charge in total cost (%)
情景方案 Reform scheme	作物 Crop	现状水价 Current water price (¥∙m⁻³)	改革后水价 Water price after reform (¥∙m⁻³)	现状用水量 Current water use (m³∙hm⁻²)	改革后用水量 Water use after reform (m³∙hm⁻²)	节水潜力 Water saving potential (m³∙hm⁻²)	氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen	总氮 Total nitrogen	总磷 Total phosphorus	现状 Current situation	改革后 After reform
理论水价 Theoretical water price	小麦 Wheat	0.44	0.52	3235.05	3000.00	235.05	5.2	52.7	4.6	12.43	13.62
理论水价 Theoretical water price	玉米 Corn	0.48	0.77	2377.80	1695.00	682.80	18.5	189.1	16.3	12.29	14.05
理想水价 Ideal water price	小麦 Wheat	0.44	0.84	3235.05	2392.20	842.85	19.2	195.4	16.9	12.43	17.54
理想水价 Ideal water price	玉米 Corn	0.48	1.01	2377.80	1395.45	982.35	27.6	281.2	24.3	12.29	17.01

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