中国农业碳排放测算研究综述

Review on measurement of agricultural carbon emission in China

  • 摘要: 碳排放精准测算是“双碳”目标实现的重要保障。在进行农业碳排放测算时, 作物类型、生产方式、地理区位等因素均会对碳排放产生影响, 因此, 虽然诸多学者尝试从不同角度对中国农业碳排放展开测度, 但在估计方式、样本选取和测算结果等方面仍未形成一致的有效结论。本研究首先介绍了中国农业碳排放的主要核算方法, 包括排放系数法、模型模拟法和实地测量法; 其次, 从投入产出、生产过程、碳汇以及碳足迹4个方面对现有农业碳排放核算方式进行梳理; 再次, 对农业碳排放的核算结果进行归纳总结; 最后, 分析现有研究的局限性, 并对未来农业碳排放核算研究进行了展望。研究发现: 现有研究在农业碳排放测算时, 存在遗漏排放源、排放系数使用不科学以及研究视角过多集中于宏观层面等不足。建议未来从构建科学全面的农业碳排放核算体系、完善排放系数以及加强农户等微观层次研究等方面展开。

     

    Abstract: Accurate measurement of carbon emissions is crucial for achieving dual-carbon goals. Agricultural carbon emissions are affected by various crop types, production methods, geographical locations, and other factors. Therefore, although scholars have attempted to measure China’s agricultural carbon emissions from different perspectives, a consistent and effective conclusion regarding the estimation method, sample selection, and calculation results does not exist. First, this study introduces the main accounting methods for agricultural carbon emissions, including the emission factor method, model simulation method, and field measurement method. Second, it segregates agricultural carbon emission accounting methods from the existing four aspects: input and output, production process, carbon sequestration, and carbon footprint. Third, the accounting results for agricultural carbon emissions are summarized. Finally, the limitations of the existing research are analyzed, and a prospect for agricultural carbon emission accounting is specified. This study discovered shortcomings in the existing research, including the omission of emission sources, inappropriate use of emission factors, and excessive concentration perspectives at the macro level. Future research can be continued from the following aspects: constructing a scientific and comprehensive agricultural carbon emission accounting system, improving emission factors, and strengthening micro-level research on farmers.

     

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