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氮肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤容重、pH和碳氮代谢的影响

姜硕琛 张海维 杨迪 胡丰琴 邹宇傲 杜斌 吴启侠 朱建强

姜硕琛, 张海维, 杨迪, 胡丰琴, 邹宇傲, 杜斌, 吴启侠, 朱建强. 氮肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤容重、pH和碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220886
引用本文: 姜硕琛, 张海维, 杨迪, 胡丰琴, 邹宇傲, 杜斌, 吴启侠, 朱建强. 氮肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤容重、pH和碳氮代谢的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220886
JIANG S C, ZHANG H W, YANG D, HU F Q, ZUO Y, DU B, WU Q X, ZHU J Q. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and organic fertilizer on soil bulk density, pH and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in ratooning rice field[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220886
Citation: JIANG S C, ZHANG H W, YANG D, HU F Q, ZUO Y, DU B, WU Q X, ZHU J Q. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and organic fertilizer on soil bulk density, pH and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in ratooning rice field[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220886

氮肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤容重、pH和碳氮代谢的影响

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220886
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金区域联合基金重点项目(U21A2039)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    姜硕琛, 主要研究方向为作物高产栽培技术。E-mail: 18229920540@163.com

    通讯作者:

    朱建强, 主要研究方向为农业水土环境保护。E-mail: 200572@yangtzeu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: S146; S158

Effects of combined application of nitrogen and organic fertilizer on soil bulk density, pH and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in ratooning rice field

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A2039).
More Information
  • 摘要: 再生稻模式在湖北省粮食生产调结构转方式中具有重要作用, 研究氮肥与有机肥配施对再生稻稻田土壤肥力性状的影响, 可为土壤肥力维持和再生稻高效生产提供科学依据。大田试验于2020—2021年进行, 各试验处理磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)养分施用量分别为75 kg∙hm−2和150 kg∙hm−2, 氮(N)施用量200 kg∙hm−2 (不包括不施氮处理N0)。按氮肥与有机肥施用情况分为5种基肥处理: 不施氮肥(N0); 基肥氮(N 75 kg∙hm−2)全部来自常规尿素(CK); 两种物料配施时, 基肥氮由2种物料各提供一半, 2种物料配施包括缓释尿素与常规尿素(T1)、生物炭与常规尿素(T2)、畜牧粪便与常规尿素(T3)。T2处理区在2021年不再施入生物炭, 施肥与CK处理相同。结果表明: 施入生物炭和畜牧粪便都能降低土壤容重, 以前者效果更佳; 施入生物炭后第1年, 土壤pH、有机碳和全氮明显提高, 第2年的效果与畜牧粪便无明显差异; 在头季稻分蘖期、抽穗期和再生稻抽穗期, 土壤无机氮含量分别以施常规尿素、缓释尿素和畜牧粪便最高; 畜牧粪便和生物炭可提高土壤微生物量碳和微生物量氮含量, 其中在头季稻拔节期前生物炭的施用效果较好, 拔节期后以畜牧粪便的施用效果较好。此外, 在畜牧粪便处理下, β-葡萄糖苷酶和脲酶活性较高。比较而言, 畜牧粪便在降低土壤容重、提高有机碳和全氮的效果上次于生物炭, 在提高无机氮、微生物生物量和土壤酶活性上效果优于生物炭, 因此, 建议基肥采用畜牧粪便与化肥配施, 由畜牧粪便取代其中50%的化肥氮。
  • 图  1  不同施肥处理下各生育期土壤pH

    不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。“ns”和“**”分别表示无差异和P<0.01水平下有显著差异S1~S7分别表示头季稻分蘖期、头季稻拔节期、头季稻抽穗期、头季稻灌浆期、再生稻拔节期、再生稻抽穗期和再生稻灌浆期。Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). “ns”, “**” indicate no difference and significant difference at P<0.01 level, respectively. S1−S7 indicate the tillering stage, jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage of main season rice, and jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage of ratooning season rice, respectively.

    Figure  1.  Soil pH at different growth stages of the rice under different fertilization treatments

    图  2  不同施肥处理下各生育期不同土层有机碳和总氮含量

    不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。S1~S5分别表示2020年头季稻收获期、2020年再生稻收获期, 2021年头季稻移栽前, 2021年头季稻收获期和2021年再生稻收获期。Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). S1−S5 represents the main season rice harvest period in 2020, the ratooning rice harvest period in 2020, before the main season rice transplanting in 2021, the main season rice harvest period in 2021 and the ratooning rice harvest period in 2021, respectively.

    Figure  2.  SOC and TN in different soil layers in different growth stages of the rice under different fertilization treatments

    图  3  不同施肥处理下各生育期土壤无机氮含量

    不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。“ns”、“*”和“**”分别表示无差异、P<0.05和P<0.01水平下有显著差异。S1~S3分别表示头季稻分蘖期、头季稻抽穗期和再生稻抽穗期。Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). “ns”, “*” and “**” indicate no difference and significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively. S1−S3 indicate the tillering stag and heading stage of main season rice and heading stage of ratooning season rice, respectively.

    Figure  3.  Soil inorganic nitrogen content in different growth stages of the rice under different fertilization treatments

    图  4  不同施肥处理下各生育期土壤微生物生物量含量

    不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。“ns”、“*”和“**”分别表示无差异、P<0.05和P<0.01水平下有显著差异。S1~S3分别表示头季稻分蘖期、头季稻抽穗期和再生稻抽穗期。Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). “ns”, “*” and “**” indicate no difference and significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively. S1−S3 indicate the tillering stag and heading stage of main season rice and heading stage of ratooning season rice, respectively.

    Figure  4.  Soil microbial biomass in different growth stages of the rice under different fertilization treatments

    图  5  不同施肥处理下各生育期土壤酶活性量

    不同字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。“ns”、“*”和“**”分别表示无差异、P<0.05和P<0.01水平下有显著差异。S1~S3分别表示头季稻分蘖期、头季稻抽穗期和再生稻抽穗期。Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). “ns”, “*” and “**” indicate no difference and significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively. S1−S3 indicate the tillering stag and heading stage of main season rice and heading stage of ratooning season rice, respectively.

    Figure  5.  Soil enzyme activity in different growth stages of the rice under different fertilization treatments

    表  1  2020年肥料施用方式

    Table  1.   Application method of fertilizer in 2020

    处理
    Treatment
    肥料类型
    Type of fertilizer
    头季稻基肥
    Based fertilizer for main season rice (kg∙hm−2)
    头季稻分蘖肥
    Tiller fertilizer for main season rice (kg∙hm−2)
    头季稻穗肥
    Spike fertilizer for main season rice (kg∙hm−2)
    再生稻促芽肥
    Shoot fertilizer for ratoon season rice (kg∙hm−2)
    未施氮肥
    No nitrogen fertilizer applied (N0)
    过磷酸钙
    Superphosphate
    625 (P2O5 75)
    氯化钾
    Potassium chloride
    125 (K2O 75)125 (K2O 75)
    常规尿素
    Conventional urea (CK)
    常规尿素
    Conventional urea
    163 (N 75)98 (N 45)65 (N 30)108 (N 50)
    过磷酸钙
    Superphosphate
    625 (P2O5 75 )
    氯化钾
    Potassium chloride
    125 (K2O 75)125 (K2O 75)
    缓释尿素
    Slow-release urea (T1)
    缓释尿素
    Slow-release urea
    89 (N 37.5 )
    常规尿素
    Conventional urea
    82 (N 37.5)98 (N 45)65 (N 30)108 (N 50)
    过磷酸钙
    Superphosphate
    625 (P2O5 75)
    氯化钾
    Potassium chloride
    125 (K2O 75)125 (K2O 75)
    生物炭
    Biochar (T2)
    生物炭
    Biochar
    5000 (N 37.5, P2O5 17.5,K2O 76)
    常规尿素
    Conventional urea
    82 (N 37.5)98 (N 45)65 (N 30)108 (N 50)
    过磷酸钙
    Superphosphate
    478 (57.5)
    氯化钾
    Potassium chloride
    125 (K2O 75)
    畜牧粪便有机肥
    Livestock manure organic fertilizer (T3)
    畜牧粪便
    Livestock manure
    2450 (N 37.5, P2O5 29,K2O 31)
    常规尿素
    Conventional urea
    82 (N 37.5)98 (N 45)65 (N 30)108 (N 50)
    过磷酸钙
    Superphosphate
    383 (P2O5 46)
    氯化钾
    Potassium chloride
    73 (K2O 44)125 (K2O 75)
      2021年N0、CK、T1和T3处理与2020年一致, 2021年T2处理与CK一致。The treatment of N0, CK, T1 and T3 in 2021 is consistent with that in 2020, and the treatment of T2 in 2021 is consistent with that of CK.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同施肥处理下再生稻模式不同生育期土壤不同土层的容重变化

    Table  2.   Variation of soil bulk densities of different layers at different growth stage of ratoon rice system under different fertilization treatments

    g cm−3 
    年份
    Year
    处理
    Treatment
    头季稻分蘖期
    Tillering stage of main season rice
    头季稻抽穗期
    Heading stage of main season rice
    再生稻抽穗期
    Heading stage of ratoon rice
    0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm
    2020N01.003±0.016a1.301±0.042a1.063±0.014a1.344±0.024a1.092±0.015a1.374±0.017a
    CK0.993±0.009a1.296±0.010a1.013±0.006b1.317±0.024a1.027±0.008b1.392±0.039a
    T11.013±0.011a1.311±0.029a1.008±0.033b1.308±0.027a1.016±0.017b1.363±0.028a
    T20.829±0.009c1.161±0.033c0.876±0.012c1.152±0.021c0.916±0.015d1.191±0.026b
    T30.896±0.023b1.226±0.045b0.952±0.030c1.217±0.021b0.970±0.010c1.208±0.022b
    2021N01.014±0.013a1.293±0.058a1.061±0.014a1.371±0.025a1.104±0.019a1.428±0.023a
    CK1.030±0.028a1.290±0.047a1.028±0.016b1.338±0.029ab1.034±0.038b1.411±0.013a
    T10.999±0.015a1.308±0.035a1.023±0.024b1.302±0.011b1.032±0.013b1.390±0.067a
    T20.865±0.007c1.178±0.014c0.869±0.009d1.180±0.012d0.940±0.001c1.179±0.037b
    T30.928±0.017b1.217±0.010b0.971±0.016c1.223±0.015c0.955±0.006c1.194±0.026b
    年份 Year (Y)nsnsnsnsnsns
    处理 Treatment (T)************
    年份×处理 Y×Tnsnsnsnsnsns
      不同字母表示同列同年不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。“ns”和“**”分别表示无差异和P<0.01水平下有显著差异。Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments in the same year (P<0.05). “ns” and “**” indicate no difference and significant difference at P<0.01 level, respectively.
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2022-11-13
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-02
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  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-14

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