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非耕作生境对相邻耕地步甲和蜘蛛分布影响的差异性

边振兴 吴佳璇 杨玉静 王楚翘 张宇飞

边振兴, 吴佳璇, 杨玉静, 王楚翘, 张宇飞. 非耕作生境对相邻耕地步甲和蜘蛛分布影响的差异性[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220963
引用本文: 边振兴, 吴佳璇, 杨玉静, 王楚翘, 张宇飞. 非耕作生境对相邻耕地步甲和蜘蛛分布影响的差异性[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220963
BIAN Z X, WU J X, YANG Y J, WANG C Q, ZHANG Y F. Difference of effects of non-crop habitat on the distribution of carabid beetles and spiders in adjacent farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220963
Citation: BIAN Z X, WU J X, YANG Y J, WANG C Q, ZHANG Y F. Difference of effects of non-crop habitat on the distribution of carabid beetles and spiders in adjacent farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(0): 1−13 doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220963

非耕作生境对相邻耕地步甲和蜘蛛分布影响的差异性

doi: 10.12357/cjea.20220963
基金项目: 辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-ZD-0709)资助
详细信息
    通讯作者:

    边振兴, 研究方向为农地利用与保护、农业景观生态学。E-mail: zhx-bian@syau.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P901

Difference of effects of non-crop habitat on the distribution of carabid beetles and spiders in adjacent farmland

Funds: This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2019-ZD-0709).
More Information
  • 摘要: 在农业景观中非耕作生境通常会为地表节肢动物提供适宜的生存场所, 步甲和蜘蛛群落作为天敌类地表节肢动物的重要组成部分, 非耕作生境类型对其多样性和空间分布的作用有所差异。本文在辽宁省昌图县调查了非耕作生境(即果园、草地、乔木林地和其他林地生境)以及其相邻耕地内部和耕地边缘的步甲和蜘蛛个体数、物种数和多样性, 采用方差分析、聚类分析和冗余分析等方法, 详细讨论了不同生境内步甲和蜘蛛群落分布特征以及非耕作生境类型对邻近耕地边缘及内部步甲和蜘蛛多样性的影响机制。结果表明: 1)不同非耕作生境类型对耕地内部溢出效应明显, 但产生的影响有所差异, 草地对耕地内部步甲多样性影响显著, 其他林地对耕地内部蜘蛛的多样性影响显著。2)不同非耕作生境类型产生的边缘效应与溢出效应规律一致, 均会促进耕地内部步甲和蜘蛛的多样性; 步甲的多样性在邻近草地的耕地边缘显著高于其他边缘类型, 蜘蛛的多样性在邻近其他林地的耕地边缘显著高于其他边缘类型。3)非耕作生境的植被盖度和多样性显著影响步甲和蜘蛛的多样性。总体而言, 非耕作生境对提升耕地内天敌多样性有积极作用, 林地和草地作用效果更为明显, 并且非耕作生境内植被群落结构越复杂, 越有利于维持较高的天敌多样性, 进而提高生物控害功能。因此, 在农业景观中, 增加非耕作生境景观建设, 如设置合适农田边界带、种植合适的植被群落等, 可以促进农业景观中的生物控制服务, 提升害虫防治功能维持生态系统稳定, 对建设高标准农田具有重要意义。
  • 图  1  研究区土地利用类型及采样区位置分布图

    Figure  1.  Land use type and location distribution of sampling area in the study area

    图  2  不同类型耕地-耕地边缘-非耕作生境(非耕作生境分为果园、草地、其他林地和乔木林地)的结构布局和每个样品区内陷阱布局的具体方法

    Figure  2.  Structural layout of different types of farmland - margin - non-crop habitat (non-crop habitat includes orchard, native grassland, other woodlands and arbor forest) and specific method of trap layout in each sample area

    图  3  8种生境类型步甲和蜘蛛层次距离聚类分析个体数热点图

    W1: 邻近果园耕地; W2: 果园; W3: 邻近草地耕地; W4: 草地; W5: 邻近其他林地耕地; W6: 其他林地; W7: 邻近乔木林地耕地; W8: 乔木林地。W1: farmland adjacent to orchard; W2: orchard; W3: farmland adjacent to native grassland; W4: native grassland; W5: farmland adjacent to other woodlands; W6: other woodlands; W7: farmland adjacent to arbor forest; W8: arbor forest.

    Figure  3.  Hotspot map of cluster analysis of carabid and spiders in different habitat types

    图  4  非耕作生境对其内部及临近农田内部步甲(A)和蜘蛛(B)多样性影响分析

    W1: 邻近果园耕地; W2: 果园; W3: 邻近草地耕地; W4: 草地; W5: 邻近其他林地耕地; W6: 其他林地; W7: 邻近乔木林地耕地; W8: 乔木林地。图中abc字母标记是根据齐性子集中的沃勒-邓肯结果进行解读的标注, 具有不同标记字母的即为差异显著。W1: farmland adjacent to orchard; W2: orchard; W3: farmland adjacent to native grassland; W4: native grassland; W5: farmland adjacent to other woodlands; W6: other woodlands; W7: farmland adjacent to arbor forest; W8: arbor forest. The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments.

    Figure  4.  Impact of non-crop habitat types on Carabidbettle (A) and Araneida (B) diversity in non-crop habitats and adjacent farmlands

    图  5  不同生境类型步甲和蜘蛛非度量多维度分析(NMDS)分析

    Figure  5.  Non metric Multidimensional Analysis (NMDS) of Internal Stephens and Araneida in Different Habitat Landscape Combinations

    6  边缘效应对步甲和蜘蛛多样性的影响

    6.  Effect of edge effect on epigaeic arthropod diversity in the surface (a), for carabidae (b), for araneida and (c), for different types of field margins

    图  7  步甲和蜘蛛优势物种与关键植物结构因子关系RDA二维排序图

    Figure  7.  RDA of the relationship between dominant and common epigaeic arthropods and key plant structural factors

    表  1  生境类型的划分方式、数量及特征

    Table  1.   Division, quantity and characteristics of habitat types

    生境类型编号地块数量主要特征
    邻近果园耕地
    adjacent to orchard
    W12耕地样区面积为 9~20 hm2, 种植玉米作物
    The cultivated land area is 9−20 hm2, and corn crops are planted
    果园
    orchard
    W22种植山楂、苹果等作物
    Planting hawthorn, apple and other crops
    邻近草地耕地
    adjacent to native grassland
    W33耕地样区面积为9~20 hm2, 种植玉米作物
    The cultivated land area is 9−20 hm2, and corn crops are planted
    草地
    native grassland
    W43草本层盖度>50%
    Herbal layer coverage >50%
    邻近其他林地耕地
    adjacent to other woodlands
    W53耕地样区面积为9~20 hm2, 种植玉米作物
    The cultivated land area is 9−20 hm2, and corn crops are planted
    其他林地
    other woodlands
    W63树木郁闭度>0.1、<0.2的林地
    The tree canopy density>0.1 and<0.2
    邻近乔木林地耕地
    adjacent to arbor forest
    W73耕地样区面积为9~20 hm2, 种植玉米作物
    The cultivated land area is 9−20 hm2, and corn crops are planted
    乔木林地
    arbor forest
    W83树木郁闭度>0.2的林地, 种植乔木
    The tree canopy density >0.2, and arbor forest are planted
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同生境地表节肢动物类型及数量统计表

    Table  2.   Statistics of arthropod types and numbers in different habitats

    地表节肢动物类群
    Surface Arthropods
    代码
    Code
    数量 Number总计
    Total
    耕地内部
    Farmland
    耕地边缘
    Margin
    非耕作生境
    Nor-crop farmland
    昆虫纲
    Insecta
    鞘翅目
    Coleoptera
    步甲科
    Carabidae
    蠋步甲
    Dolichus halensis
    SP144306133483
    大暗黑步甲
    Amara majuscula
    SP23412757218
    中华婪步甲
    Harpalus sinicus
    SP314354695
    普通暗黑步甲
    Amara brevicollis
    SP4148191159498
    黄斑青步甲
    Chlaenius micans
    SP5508178209
    点沟青步甲
    Chlaenius proefectus
    SP6513422
    广屁步甲
    Pheropsophus occiptalis
    SP75214242236
    毛盒步甲
    Harpalus griseus
    SP823914
    谷婪步甲
    Harpalus calceatus
    SP96201036
    淡鞘婪步甲
    Harpalus pallidipennis
    SP10175835110
    总计 Total3729765731921
    蛛形纲
    Arachnida
    盲蛛目
    Order opiliones
    长奇盲蛛科
    Phalangiidae
    盲蛛
    Leiobunum species
    SP114913096275
    蜘蛛目
    Araneae
    漏斗蛛科
    Agelena labyrinthica
    漏斗蛛
    Agelena labyrinthica
    SP123513089254
    球蛛科
    Theridiidae
    球蛛
    Theridiidae
    SP135191438
    总计 Total89279199567
    下载: 导出CSV
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    LIU J L, ZHAO W Z, LI F R, et al. The relationship of ground spider and beetle assemblage with environmental factors in the natural and artificial fixed-sand shrub forests[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(21): 7987−7996
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-12
  • 录用日期:  2023-02-13
  • 修回日期:  2023-03-11
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-14

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