甘肃野生草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力与内源激素含量的相关性研究

袁娅娟; 白小明; 朱雅楠; 张毓婧; 闫玉邦; 张才忠; 李玉杰

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.200976

甘肃野生草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力与内源激素含量的相关性研究

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.200976

甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心兰州 730070

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 31560667

甘肃省林草局草原生态修复治理科技支撑项目 GSLC-2020-3

详细信息

作者简介:
袁娅娟, 主要研究方向为草地生物多样性。E-mail: 1239412646@qq.com

通讯作者:
白小明, 主要从事草坪科学研究。E-mail: baixm@gsau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S688.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-12-09
- 录用日期: 2021-03-15
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-01

Correlation between the rhizome expansion ability and endogenous hormones contents of wild Poa pratensis in Gansu Province

College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education/Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province/Sino-U.S. Center for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, China

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 31560667

the Science and Technology Support Project of Grassland Ecological Restoration and Management of Gansu Forestry and Grass Bureau GSLC-2020-3

More Information

Corresponding author: BAI Xiaoming, E-mail: baixm@gsau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）是典型的根茎型禾草，根茎作为其营养物质储藏和营养繁殖的重要器官，在提高植株地表侵占能力及地下固土能力方面具有重要作用。根茎的发生和发育与内源激素密切相关，本试验以采自甘肃境内9个不同生态型的野生草地早熟禾为试验材料，以‘午夜Ⅱ’草地早熟禾为对照，分析根茎扩展能力与内源激素含量间的相关性，以期揭示草地早熟禾根茎扩展的激素调控机理，为草地早熟禾新品种选育和草坪养护管理提供理论和实践依据。结果表明：1）不同生态型野生草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力存在显著差异，榆中草地早熟禾的分蘖数、根茎数、地上生物量和茎节长最大；西和草地早熟禾的覆盖面积、最长根茎和根茎生物量表现最优，供试不同生态型草地早熟禾材料根茎综合扩展能力由强到弱依次为榆中>西和> ‘午夜Ⅱ’ >渭源>灵台>清水>肃南>秦州>夏河>安定。2）内源激素在草地早熟禾根茎和茎基的分布存在差异，GA₃、IAA和ABA含量均为根茎>茎基，ZT含量为茎基>根茎，且两个部位GA₃含量均高于其余激素。3）相关性分析显示，草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力与ZT含量、茎基ZT/ABA和IAA/ABA极显著正相关（P < 0.01），与根茎GA₃/IAA显著负相关（P < 0.05），与IAA、GA₃和ABA含量相关性不显著（P>0.05）。综上，榆中草地早熟禾根茎扩展性最强，且优于‘午夜Ⅱ’草地早熟禾（对照），可作为扩展能力强草地早熟禾新品种选育的优良材料；ZT含量和IAA/ABA与ZT/ABA的比值越高，GA₃/IAA比值越低，越有利于草地早熟禾根茎扩展。
- 草地早熟禾 /
- 生态型 /
- 根茎 /
- 扩展能力 /
- 内源激素
Abstract: Poa pratensis is a typical rhizome grass, of which rhizome is an important organ for nutrient storage and vegetative reproduction that plays an important role in improving plant surface invasion and underground soil consolidation. The occurrence and development of rhizomes are closely related to endogenous hormones. This study investigated the hormone regulation mechanism of rhizome expansion by examining the correlation between the rhizome expansion ability and endogenous hormones contents in nine ecotypes of wild P. pratensis from different areas of Gansu Province and 'Midnight Ⅱ' P. pratensis (the control). The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical and practical basis for new variety breeding and lawn maintenance and management of P. pratensis. The results indicated that: 1) there were differences in the rhizome expansion ability among the wild P. pratensis ecotypes. P. pratensis from Yuzhong had the largest tiller number, rhizome number, aboveground biomass, and stem node length, whereas P. pratensis from Xihe had the largest coverage area, longest rhizome, and highest rhizome biomass. The rhizome expansion ability of P. pratensis from strong to weak was P. pratensis from Yuzhong > from Xihe > from 'Midnight Ⅱ' > from Weiyuan > from Lingtai > from Qingshui > from Sunan > from Qinzhou > from Xiahe > from Anding. 2) The distribution of endogenous hormones in the rhizome and stem base of P. pratensis was significantly different; the gibberellic acid (GA₃), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were rhizome > stem base; the zeatin (ZT) content was stem base > rhizome; and the GA₃ content in the two parts was significantly higher than that of the other hormones. 3) Correlation analysis showed that the rhizome expansion ability of P. pratensis was positively correlated with the ZT content, stem base ZT/ABA, and IAA/ABA (P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with rhizome GA₃/IAA (P < 0.05). However, there were no correlations between the IAA, GA₃, and ABA contents. In summary, P. pratensis from Yuzhong, which has better rhizome expansion ability than 'Midnight Ⅱ', is good for variety breeding; the higher ZT content and ratio of IAA/ABA to ZT/ABA and the lower GA₃/IAA ratio are beneficial to the rhizome expansion.
- Poa pratensis /
- Ecological type /
- Rhizome /
- Expansion ability /
- Endogenous hormones

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图 1 供试草地早熟禾材料玉米素(ZT, A)、赤霉素(GA₃, B)、生长素(IAA, C)和脱落酸(ABA, D)含量

材料名称详见表 1。不同小写字母表示不同材料在P < 0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 1. Zeatin (ZT, A), gibberellin (GA₃, B), auxin (IAA, C) and abscisic acid (ABA, D) contents of different materials of Poa pratensis

The names of the material are shown in the table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different materials.

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表 1 供试的10个草地早熟禾材料

Table 1. Information of 10 tested materials of Poa pratensis

材料名称 Material name	编号 Code	采集地Collection site
材料名称 Material name	编号 Code	地点 Location	海拔 Altitude (m)	经度 Longitude	纬度 Latitude	年均降水量 Average annual precipitation (mm)	年均温 Average annual temperature (℃)	生境 Habitat
野生草地早熟禾 Wild Poa pratensis	PLLT	甘肃省灵台县 Lingtai, Gansu	1227	107°62′E	35°07′N	586.3	9.4	渠边 Canal side
	TSQS	甘肃省清水县 Qingshui, Gansu	1501	106°12′E	34°7′3N	564.5	9.3	河谷 Valley
	TSQZ	甘肃省秦州区 Qinzhou, Gansu	1723	104°35′E	34°05′N	531	10.72	河谷 Valley
	LNXH	甘肃省西和县 Xihe, Gansu	1250	105°30′E	34°02′N	533	8.4	山坡 Hill side
	DXAD	甘肃省安定区 Anding, Gansu	2035	104°62′E	35°58′N	377	7.2	山坡 Hill side
	DXWY	甘肃省渭源县 Weiyuan, Gansu	2401	104°05′E	35°02′N	500	6.8	路边 Roadside
	LZYZ	甘肃省榆中县 Yuzhong, Gansu	1965	104°04′E	35°48′N	400	6.6	沟底 Ditch
	GNXH	甘肃省夏河县 Xiahe, Gansu	3140	102°60′E	34°80′N	516	2.6	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow
	ZYSN	甘肃省肃南县 Sunan, Gansu	2950	99°52′E	38°48′N	257.21	4.2	高山草原 Alpine grasslands
商用‘午夜Ⅱ’ Marketed ‘Midnight Ⅱ’	WY(CK)

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表 2 激素HPLC分析流动相梯度组成

Table 2. Analysis of gradient composition of mobile phase by hormone HPLC

时间 Time (min)	流动相A Flow phase A (%)	流动相B Flow phase B (%)
0.00	10.0	90.0
1.00	45.0	55.0
3.00	55.0	45.0
5.00	65.0	35.0
8.00	75.0	25.0
12.00	10.0	90.0
14.00	10.0	90.0

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表 3 4种激素的出峰时间及线性方程

Table 3. Peak times and linear equations of four hormones

激素 Hormone	出峰时间 Peak time (min)	回归方程 Regression equation	R²
玉米素ZT	4.280	Y=1.66×10⁴X-1.98×10³	0.999 943
赤霉素GA₃	6.030	Y=4.36×10X+1.34×10³	0.999 464
生长素IAA	7.987	Y=4.58×10³X-2.94×10²	0.999 965
脱落酸ABA	8.794	Y=2.60×10⁴X-2.70×10³	0.999 934

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表 4 供试草地早熟禾材料根茎扩展性指标比较

Table 4. Comparison of different indexes of rhizome expansion of different materials of Poa pratensis

材料 Material	覆盖面积 Coverage area (cm²·plant^–1)	分蘖数 Tillers number	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass (g·plant^–1)	根茎数 Number of rhizomes	茎节长 Stem internode length (cm)	最长根茎 Longest rhizome (cm)	根茎生物量 Rhizomes biomass (g·plant^–1)
PLLT	467.48±2.10c	157.50±3.50d	8.08±0.91b	18.50±0.50d	1.42±0.25cd	9.20±0.30def	0.40±0.04d
TSQS	444.85±4.73d	116.50±5.50e	7.22±1.45bc	19.00±1.00d	1.69±0.34c	8.70±0.68ef	0.49±0.03d
TSQZ	306.50±5.85g	80.00±9.00f	4.91±1.36cd	12.00±2.65e	1.65±0.12c	13.07±1.46bc	0.26±0.03e
LNXH	662.89±4.44a	173.33±5.03c	11.36±0.73a	60.50±0.50b	2.43±0.19ab	17.17±1.19a	1.70±0.11a
DXAD	281.90±3.77h	92.50±4.50f	4.54±2.44de	12.50±3.50e	1.03±0.39d	9.47±0.65def	0.20±0.03e
DXWY	323.61±5.51f	213.67±6.81b	6.97±1.52bcd	71.50±6.50a	1.66±0.25c	11.03±0.92cde	0.69±0.03c
LZYZ	547.05±4.39b	325.00±15.00a	11.73±1.79a	76.00±3.61a	2.78±0.35a	16.53±1.55a	1.66±0.02a
GNXH	123.17±5.64j	82.50±2.50f	2.18±0.06e	16.00±1.00de	1.37±0.08cd	8.33±1.04f	0.25±0.05e
ZYSN	265.26±5.53i	164.50±8.50cd	4.34±1.83de	17.00±1.00de	1.57±0.44c	11.20±2.08cd	0.16±0.04e
CK	334.55±3.62e	211.00±4.00b	7.46±0.90bc	53.50±2.50c	2.19±0.07b	14.17±1.59b	1.44±0.16b
材料名称详见表 1。同列不同小写字母表示同一指标不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。The names of material are shown in the table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences at P < 0.05 level in the same index among different materials.

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表 5 供试草地早熟禾材料根茎扩展性综合评价

Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation of expansion ability of different materials of Poa pratensis

材料 Material	隶属函数值Value of subordinate function (SF)							平均隶属度 Average SF	排序 Order
材料 Material	覆盖面积 Coverage area	分蘖数 Tiller number	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	根茎数 Number of rhizomes	茎节长 Stem internode length	最长根茎 Longest rhizome	根茎生物量 Rhizomes biomass	平均隶属度 Average SF	排序 Order
PLLT	0.6379	0.3163	0.6171	0.1016	0.2237	0.0981	0.4456	0.3607	5
TSQS	0.5960	0.1490	0.5271	0.1094	0.3748	0.0453	0.4203	0.3303	6
TSQZ	0.3397	0.0000	0.2852	0.0000	0.3537	0.5359	0.0294	0.1967	8
LNXH	1.0000	0.3809	0.9609	0.7578	0.8030	1.0000	0.5434	0.7487	2
DXAD	0.0000	0.0102	0.0000	0.0625	0.1931	0.0000	0.0000	0.0332	10
DXWY	0.3714	0.5456	0.5012	0.9297	0.3576	0.3057	0.2788	0.4461	4
LZYZ	0.7854	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	0.9283	1.0000	0.9642	1
GNXH	0.2941	0.0510	0.2471	0.0078	0.0000	0.1283	0.0272	0.0978	9
ZYSN	0.2633	0.3449	0.2262	0.0781	0.3078	0.3245	0.0236	0.1990	7
CK	0.3916	0.5347	0.5529	0.6484	0.6635	0.6604	0.2821	0.5020	3
材料名称详见表 1。The names of material are shown in the table 1.

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表 6 草地早熟禾根茎扩展性与根茎和茎基内源激素含量相关性

Table 6. Correlation between endogenous hormones contents in rhizome and stem base and expansion indexes of Poa pratensis

部位 Organ	激素 Hormone name	根茎扩展性 Ability of rhizome expansion	扩展指标Expansion indexes
部位 Organ	激素 Hormone name	根茎扩展性 Ability of rhizome expansion	覆盖面积 Coverage area	分蘖数 Tillers number	地上生物量 Aboveground biomass	根茎数 Number of rhizomes	茎节长 Internode length	最长根茎 Longest rhizome	根茎生物量 Rhizomes biomass
根茎Rhizome	玉米素ZT	0.787^**	0.368	0.925^**	0.628^*	0.858^**	0.728^*	0.529	0.668^*
	赤霉素GA₃	–0.229	–0.041	–0.352	–0.193	–0.343	–0.247	–0.161	–0.150
	生长素IAA	–0.042	–0.175	–0.118	–0.116	–0.101	–0.145	–0.147	–0.284
	脱落酸ABA	–0.084	0.053	–0.411	–0.082	–0.251	–0.046	–0.147	0.006
	ZT/ABA	0.595	0.209	0.828^**	0.455	0.729^**	0.507	0.404	0.442
	GA₃/ABA	–0.354	–0.215	–0.123	–0.279	–0.303	–0.400	–0.168	–0.323
	IAA/ABA	0.207	–0.074	0.398	0.119	0.395	0.190	0.296	0.310
	GA₃/IAA	–0.606^*	–0.425	–0.635^*	–0.490	–0.672^*	–0.566^*	–0.512	–0.491
茎基Stem base	玉米素ZT	0.851^**	0.438	0.940^**	0.698^*	0.881^**	0.800^*	0.608	0.760^*
	赤霉素GA₃	–0.022	–0.303	–0.031	–0.225	–0.093	0.057	0.018	–0.017
	生长素IAA	0.474	0.299	0.338	0.383	0.298	0.397	0.188	0.446
	脱落酸ABA	–0.092	0.039	–0.440	–0.098	–0.264	–0.036	0.076	–0.064
	ZT/ABA	0.677^*	0.264	0.891^**	0.536	0.799^**	0.629	0.433	0.605
	GA₃/ABA	0.182	–0.175	0.376	–0.003	0.154	0.218	0.157	0.154
	IAA/ABA	0.617^*	0.307	0.760^*	0.525	0.577	0.524	0.251	0.567
	GA₃/IAA	–0.461	–0.577	–0.374	–0.592	–0.468	–0.286	–0.066	–0.448
和表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。 and ** show significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels.

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