Correlation between the rhizome expansion ability and endogenous hormones contents of wild Poa pratensis in Gansu Province
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摘要: 草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)是典型的根茎型禾草,根茎作为其营养物质储藏和营养繁殖的重要器官,在提高植株地表侵占能力及地下固土能力方面具有重要作用。根茎的发生和发育与内源激素密切相关,本试验以采自甘肃境内9个不同生态型的野生草地早熟禾为试验材料,以‘午夜Ⅱ’草地早熟禾为对照,分析根茎扩展能力与内源激素含量间的相关性,以期揭示草地早熟禾根茎扩展的激素调控机理,为草地早熟禾新品种选育和草坪养护管理提供理论和实践依据。结果表明:1)不同生态型野生草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力存在显著差异,榆中草地早熟禾的分蘖数、根茎数、地上生物量和茎节长最大;西和草地早熟禾的覆盖面积、最长根茎和根茎生物量表现最优,供试不同生态型草地早熟禾材料根茎综合扩展能力由强到弱依次为榆中>西和> ‘午夜Ⅱ’ >渭源>灵台>清水>肃南>秦州>夏河>安定。2)内源激素在草地早熟禾根茎和茎基的分布存在差异,GA3、IAA和ABA含量均为根茎>茎基,ZT含量为茎基>根茎,且两个部位GA3含量均高于其余激素。3)相关性分析显示,草地早熟禾根茎扩展能力与ZT含量、茎基ZT/ABA和IAA/ABA极显著正相关(P < 0.01),与根茎GA3/IAA显著负相关(P < 0.05),与IAA、GA3和ABA含量相关性不显著(P>0.05)。综上,榆中草地早熟禾根茎扩展性最强,且优于‘午夜Ⅱ’草地早熟禾(对照),可作为扩展能力强草地早熟禾新品种选育的优良材料;ZT含量和IAA/ABA与ZT/ABA的比值越高,GA3/IAA比值越低,越有利于草地早熟禾根茎扩展。Abstract: Poa pratensis is a typical rhizome grass, of which rhizome is an important organ for nutrient storage and vegetative reproduction that plays an important role in improving plant surface invasion and underground soil consolidation. The occurrence and development of rhizomes are closely related to endogenous hormones. This study investigated the hormone regulation mechanism of rhizome expansion by examining the correlation between the rhizome expansion ability and endogenous hormones contents in nine ecotypes of wild P. pratensis from different areas of Gansu Province and 'Midnight Ⅱ' P. pratensis (the control). The purpose of this study was to provide a theoretical and practical basis for new variety breeding and lawn maintenance and management of P. pratensis. The results indicated that: 1) there were differences in the rhizome expansion ability among the wild P. pratensis ecotypes. P. pratensis from Yuzhong had the largest tiller number, rhizome number, aboveground biomass, and stem node length, whereas P. pratensis from Xihe had the largest coverage area, longest rhizome, and highest rhizome biomass. The rhizome expansion ability of P. pratensis from strong to weak was P. pratensis from Yuzhong > from Xihe > from 'Midnight Ⅱ' > from Weiyuan > from Lingtai > from Qingshui > from Sunan > from Qinzhou > from Xiahe > from Anding. 2) The distribution of endogenous hormones in the rhizome and stem base of P. pratensis was significantly different; the gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) contents were rhizome > stem base; the zeatin (ZT) content was stem base > rhizome; and the GA3 content in the two parts was significantly higher than that of the other hormones. 3) Correlation analysis showed that the rhizome expansion ability of P. pratensis was positively correlated with the ZT content, stem base ZT/ABA, and IAA/ABA (P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with rhizome GA3/IAA (P < 0.05). However, there were no correlations between the IAA, GA3, and ABA contents. In summary, P. pratensis from Yuzhong, which has better rhizome expansion ability than 'Midnight Ⅱ', is good for variety breeding; the higher ZT content and ratio of IAA/ABA to ZT/ABA and the lower GA3/IAA ratio are beneficial to the rhizome expansion.
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Key words:
- Poa pratensis /
- Ecological type /
- Rhizome /
- Expansion ability /
- Endogenous hormones
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图 1 供试草地早熟禾材料玉米素(ZT, A)、赤霉素(GA3, B)、生长素(IAA, C)和脱落酸(ABA, D)含量
材料名称详见表 1。不同小写字母表示不同材料在P < 0.05水平差异显著。
Figure 1. Zeatin (ZT, A), gibberellin (GA3, B), auxin (IAA, C) and abscisic acid (ABA, D) contents of different materials of Poa pratensis
The names of the material are shown in the table 1. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level among different materials.
表 1 供试的10个草地早熟禾材料
Table 1. Information of 10 tested materials of Poa pratensis
材料名称
Material name编号
Code采集地Collection site 地点
Location海拔
Altitude (m)经度
Longitude纬度
Latitude年均降水量
Average annual precipitation (mm)年均温
Average annual temperature (℃)生境
Habitat野生草地早熟禾
Wild Poa pratensisPLLT 甘肃省灵台县
Lingtai, Gansu1227 107°62′E 35°07′N 586.3 9.4 渠边
Canal sideTSQS 甘肃省清水县
Qingshui, Gansu1501 106°12′E 34°7′3N 564.5 9.3 河谷
ValleyTSQZ 甘肃省秦州区
Qinzhou, Gansu1723 104°35′E 34°05′N 531 10.72 河谷
ValleyLNXH 甘肃省西和县
Xihe, Gansu1250 105°30′E 34°02′N 533 8.4 山坡
Hill sideDXAD 甘肃省安定区
Anding, Gansu2035 104°62′E 35°58′N 377 7.2 山坡
Hill sideDXWY 甘肃省渭源县
Weiyuan, Gansu2401 104°05′E 35°02′N 500 6.8 路边
RoadsideLZYZ 甘肃省榆中县
Yuzhong, Gansu1965 104°04′E 35°48′N 400 6.6 沟底
DitchGNXH 甘肃省夏河县
Xiahe, Gansu3140 102°60′E 34°80′N 516 2.6 高寒草甸
Alpine meadowZYSN 甘肃省肃南县
Sunan, Gansu2950 99°52′E 38°48′N 257.21 4.2 高山草原
Alpine grasslands商用‘午夜Ⅱ’
Marketed ‘Midnight Ⅱ’WY(CK) 表 2 激素HPLC分析流动相梯度组成
Table 2. Analysis of gradient composition of mobile phase by hormone HPLC
时间
Time (min)流动相A
Flow phase A (%)流动相B
Flow phase B (%)0.00 10.0 90.0 1.00 45.0 55.0 3.00 55.0 45.0 5.00 65.0 35.0 8.00 75.0 25.0 12.00 10.0 90.0 14.00 10.0 90.0 表 3 4种激素的出峰时间及线性方程
Table 3. Peak times and linear equations of four hormones
激素
Hormone出峰时间
Peak time (min)回归方程
Regression equationR2 玉米素ZT 4.280 Y=1.66×104X-1.98×103 0.999 943 赤霉素GA3 6.030 Y=4.36×10X+1.34×103 0.999 464 生长素IAA 7.987 Y=4.58×103X-2.94×102 0.999 965 脱落酸ABA 8.794 Y=2.60×104X-2.70×103 0.999 934 表 4 供试草地早熟禾材料根茎扩展性指标比较
Table 4. Comparison of different indexes of rhizome expansion of different materials of Poa pratensis
材料
Material覆盖面积
Coverage area (cm2·plant–1)分蘖数
Tillers number地上生物量
Aboveground biomass (g·plant–1)根茎数
Number of rhizomes茎节长
Stem internode length (cm)最长根茎
Longest rhizome (cm)根茎生物量
Rhizomes biomass (g·plant–1)PLLT 467.48±2.10c 157.50±3.50d 8.08±0.91b 18.50±0.50d 1.42±0.25cd 9.20±0.30def 0.40±0.04d TSQS 444.85±4.73d 116.50±5.50e 7.22±1.45bc 19.00±1.00d 1.69±0.34c 8.70±0.68ef 0.49±0.03d TSQZ 306.50±5.85g 80.00±9.00f 4.91±1.36cd 12.00±2.65e 1.65±0.12c 13.07±1.46bc 0.26±0.03e LNXH 662.89±4.44a 173.33±5.03c 11.36±0.73a 60.50±0.50b 2.43±0.19ab 17.17±1.19a 1.70±0.11a DXAD 281.90±3.77h 92.50±4.50f 4.54±2.44de 12.50±3.50e 1.03±0.39d 9.47±0.65def 0.20±0.03e DXWY 323.61±5.51f 213.67±6.81b 6.97±1.52bcd 71.50±6.50a 1.66±0.25c 11.03±0.92cde 0.69±0.03c LZYZ 547.05±4.39b 325.00±15.00a 11.73±1.79a 76.00±3.61a 2.78±0.35a 16.53±1.55a 1.66±0.02a GNXH 123.17±5.64j 82.50±2.50f 2.18±0.06e 16.00±1.00de 1.37±0.08cd 8.33±1.04f 0.25±0.05e ZYSN 265.26±5.53i 164.50±8.50cd 4.34±1.83de 17.00±1.00de 1.57±0.44c 11.20±2.08cd 0.16±0.04e CK 334.55±3.62e 211.00±4.00b 7.46±0.90bc 53.50±2.50c 2.19±0.07b 14.17±1.59b 1.44±0.16b 材料名称详见表 1。同列不同小写字母表示同一指标不同材料间差异显著(P < 0.05)。The names of material are shown in the table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate that there are significant differences at P < 0.05 level in the same index among different materials. 表 5 供试草地早熟禾材料根茎扩展性综合评价
Table 5. Comprehensive evaluation of expansion ability of different materials of Poa pratensis
材料
Material隶属函数值Value of subordinate function (SF) 平均隶属度
Average SF排序
Order覆盖面积
Coverage area分蘖数
Tiller number地上生物量
Aboveground biomass根茎数
Number of rhizomes茎节长
Stem internode length最长根茎
Longest rhizome根茎生物量
Rhizomes biomassPLLT 0.6379 0.3163 0.6171 0.1016 0.2237 0.0981 0.4456 0.3607 5 TSQS 0.5960 0.1490 0.5271 0.1094 0.3748 0.0453 0.4203 0.3303 6 TSQZ 0.3397 0.0000 0.2852 0.0000 0.3537 0.5359 0.0294 0.1967 8 LNXH 1.0000 0.3809 0.9609 0.7578 0.8030 1.0000 0.5434 0.7487 2 DXAD 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0625 0.1931 0.0000 0.0000 0.0332 10 DXWY 0.3714 0.5456 0.5012 0.9297 0.3576 0.3057 0.2788 0.4461 4 LZYZ 0.7854 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9283 1.0000 0.9642 1 GNXH 0.2941 0.0510 0.2471 0.0078 0.0000 0.1283 0.0272 0.0978 9 ZYSN 0.2633 0.3449 0.2262 0.0781 0.3078 0.3245 0.0236 0.1990 7 CK 0.3916 0.5347 0.5529 0.6484 0.6635 0.6604 0.2821 0.5020 3 材料名称详见表 1。The names of material are shown in the table 1. 表 6 草地早熟禾根茎扩展性与根茎和茎基内源激素含量相关性
Table 6. Correlation between endogenous hormones contents in rhizome and stem base and expansion indexes of Poa pratensis
部位
Organ激素
Hormone name根茎扩展性
Ability of rhizome expansion扩展指标Expansion indexes 覆盖面积
Coverage area分蘖数
Tillers number地上生物量
Aboveground biomass根茎数
Number of rhizomes茎节长
Internode length最长根茎
Longest rhizome根茎生物量
Rhizomes biomass根茎Rhizome 玉米素ZT 0.787** 0.368 0.925** 0.628* 0.858** 0.728* 0.529 0.668* 赤霉素GA3 –0.229 –0.041 –0.352 –0.193 –0.343 –0.247 –0.161 –0.150 生长素IAA –0.042 –0.175 –0.118 –0.116 –0.101 –0.145 –0.147 –0.284 脱落酸ABA –0.084 0.053 –0.411 –0.082 –0.251 –0.046 –0.147 0.006 ZT/ABA 0.595 0.209 0.828** 0.455 0.729** 0.507 0.404 0.442 GA3/ABA –0.354 –0.215 –0.123 –0.279 –0.303 –0.400 –0.168 –0.323 IAA/ABA 0.207 –0.074 0.398 0.119 0.395 0.190 0.296 0.310 GA3/IAA –0.606* –0.425 –0.635* –0.490 –0.672* –0.566* –0.512 –0.491 茎基Stem base 玉米素ZT 0.851** 0.438 0.940** 0.698* 0.881** 0.800* 0.608 0.760* 赤霉素GA3 –0.022 –0.303 –0.031 –0.225 –0.093 0.057 0.018 –0.017 生长素IAA 0.474 0.299 0.338 0.383 0.298 0.397 0.188 0.446 脱落酸ABA –0.092 0.039 –0.440 –0.098 –0.264 –0.036 0.076 –0.064 ZT/ABA 0.677* 0.264 0.891** 0.536 0.799** 0.629 0.433 0.605 GA3/ABA 0.182 –0.175 0.376 –0.003 0.154 0.218 0.157 0.154 IAA/ABA 0.617* 0.307 0.760* 0.525 0.577 0.524 0.251 0.567 GA3/IAA –0.461 –0.577 –0.374 –0.592 –0.468 –0.286 –0.066 –0.448 *和**表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。* and ** show significant correlations at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels. -
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