Effects of rotational pattern and fertilization application on soybean yield under straws returning of preceding crop
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摘要: 探讨不同轮作模式下作物秸秆还田和施肥对大豆产量形成的影响, 可为多元化轮作模式下大豆增产增效提供理论基础和实践依据。于2018—2020年在江苏省农业科学院大豆试验基地, 以前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式为主区, 设置小麦、大蒜、芥菜型油菜和空白(冬闲) 4个轮作模式; 肥料施用水平为副区, 设置不施肥和施三元复合肥(15∶15∶15) 225 kg·hm−2 2个施肥水平, 研究秸秆还田下不同轮作模式和施肥对大豆养分利用及产量形成的影响。结果表明, 轮作模式与施肥对大豆产量及产量构成影响显著, 且两因素对产量及产量构成、植株形态指标和病株率、土壤全氮和速效氮含量、生物量和氮素累积与分配等指标均存在极显著的互作效应。与冬闲-大豆模式相比, 其他轮作模式降低了土壤容重和速效氮含量, 提高了土壤有机质和全氮含量; 大蒜-大豆和芥菜-大豆轮作模式下株高、茎粗、底荚高度、分枝数、总生物量和籽粒生物量、总氮累积量和籽粒氮累积量最高, 利于产量形成, 最终产量较冬闲-大豆模式增加4.40%~10.30%和5.66%~7.09% (施肥处理)、4.88%~8.23%和2.19%~8.78% (不施肥)。小麦-大豆轮作模式抑制植株生长, 总生物量和籽粒生物量、总氮累积量和籽粒氮累积量均最低, 尽管生物量、氮素收获指数和氮素生产效率最高, 但产量最低, 较冬闲-大豆模式分别降低2.80%~7.30% (施肥处理)和7.45%~11.18% (不施肥)。此外, 小麦秸秆还田增加了大豆病株率, 而芥菜-大豆和大蒜-大豆轮作模式则降低了大豆病株率。施肥可以显著促进大豆生长, 降低病株率, 提高土壤全氮和速效氮含量、生物量及氮素累积量和收获密度, 尽管氮素收获指数和氮素利用效率较低, 但是显著提高了产量。与不施肥相比, 施肥使大蒜-大豆、芥菜-大豆和小麦-大豆轮作模式下大豆产量提高9.21%~13.01%、7.97%~14.02%和15.00%~15.91%。因此, 在生产中建议推广大蒜-大豆和芥菜-大豆轮作模式。小麦-大豆轮作模式中在小麦秸秆还田后必须增施肥料才能达到高产。Abstract: Field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2020 at the Soybean Experimental Station of the Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. A split-plot design was used to study the effects of straw returning and fertilizer application on the nutrient utilization and yield of soybeans under different rotation patterns. The main plot factor was different rotation patterns with straw returning of preceding crop of soybean (wheat–soybean, garlic–soybean, leaf mustard–soybean, and winter fallow–soybean), while the sub-plot factor was fertilizer application (no fertilizer and nitrogen [N], phosphorus [P], and potassium [K] compound fertilizer [15∶15∶15] at 225 kg∙hm−2). The results showed that rotation pattern and fertilization application significantly affected the soybean yield and yield components under crop straw returning of preceding crop, and the two factors had significant interactive effects on the yield, yield components, plant morphological index, biomass, nitrogen accumulation and distribution, and disease rate of soybean, as well as soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen contents. Compared with the winter fallow–soybean planting pattern, the other three rotation patterns decreased soil bulk density and available nitrogen content but increased soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents. Plant height, stem diameter, height of the bottom pod, branch number per plant, total biomass, grain biomass, total nitrogen accumulation, and grain nitrogen accumulation were the highest under garlic–soybean and leaf mustard–soybean rotation patterns, which were beneficial for yield. The final yield increased by 4.40%–10.30% and 5.66%–7.09% under fertilization treatments and by 4.88%–8.23% and 2.19%–8.78% under no fertilization treatments compared to the winter fallow–soybean planting pattern, respectively. The wheat–soybean rotation pattern inhibited soybean plant growth, and the total biomass, grain biomass, total nitrogen accumulation, and grain nitrogen accumulation were the lowest. The harvest index of biomass and nitrogen and the nitrogen production efficiency were the highest, but the yield was the lowest in this case, decreasing by 2.80–7.30% in the fertilizer treatments and by 7.45%–11.18% in the no fertilizer treatment compared to the winter fallow–soybean planting pattern. Wheat straw returning increased the diseased plant rate, whereas the leaf mustard–soybean and garlic–soybean rotations decreased the rate of diseased plants. Compound fertilizer application promoted plant growth, reduced the rate of diseased plants, improved soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents, soybean biomass and nitrogen accumulation, and harvest density. Although harvest index and nitrogen use efficiency of soybean were low, the yield significantly increased. Compared with the no fertilizer application treatment, fertilizer application increased the soybean yields of the garlic–soybean, leaf mustard–soybean, and wheat–soybean rotations by 9.21%–13.01%, 7.97%–14.02%, and 15.00%–15.91%, respectively. Therefore, the garlic–soybean and leaf mustard–soybean rotation modes should be popularized. Under a wheat–soybean rotation pattern, high yield is achieved when wheat straw is returned to the field. In the wheat–soybean rotation, fertilizers must be applied after wheat straw is returned to the field to achieve high yield.
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Key words:
- Soybean /
- Rotation pattern /
- Straw returning /
- Fertilizer application /
- Yield
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表 1 大豆生长季前茬作物秸秆还田量和秸秆氮输入量
Table 1. Straw and nitrogen amounts of returned straws of crops before soybean growing season
kg∙hm−2 轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw肥料运筹
Fertilizer
treatment2019 2020 秸秆还田量
Amount of returned straw秸秆养分输入量
Nutrient input of straw秸秆还田量
Amount of returned straw秸秆养分输入量
Nutrient input of strawN P K N P K 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 2528 26.79 7.83 46.01 2601 27.57 8.01 45.58 F 2528 26.79 7.83 46.01 2694 28.56 8.34 46.19 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 3795 35.27 3.42 61.85 3855 35.85 3.58 62.18 F 3795 35.27 3.42 61.85 3894 36.21 3.67 62.25 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 7400 68.31 9.03 115.50 7548 68.69 9.44 114.03 F 7400 68.31 9.03 115.50 7624 69.38 9.51 114.81 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 F0为不施肥, F为施用三元复合肥(15∶15∶15) 225 kg∙hm−2。F0 indicates no fertilizer, F indicates application of ternary compound fertilizer (15∶15∶15) 225 kg∙hm−2. 
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表 2 前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式和施肥对大豆产量及产量构成的影响
Table 2. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on soybean yield and yield components with straw returning of preceding crop
年份
Year轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern / returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization treatment单株荚数
Pod number
per plant单株粒数
Seed number
per plant百粒重
100-seed weight (g)实际收获密度
Harvest density
(×104 plants∙hm−2)产量
Yield
(kg∙hm−2)2019 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 37.4±2.19ab 78.4±1.39bc 22.24±0.74bcd 19.95±0.47a 3478.51±89.74b F 40.7±2.45a 85.9±1.99a 22.78±0.25a 20.09±0.49a 3931.22±124.34a 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 37.1±1.28ab 77.7±1.64bc 22.61±0.25ab 20.12±0.47a 3534.68±87.78b F 40.2±3.27a 84.4±2.62a 22.69±0.51ab 19.93±0.46a 3816.67±119.04a 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 32.8±2.92c 69.4±3.46e 21.46±0.21e 19.29±0.48d 2872.91±86.98e F 35.5±1.99bc 76.5±2.70cd 22.08±0.27cd 19.56±0.56bc 3303.92±89.33c 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 34.9±1.95bc 72.8±2.35de 21.88±0.27de 19.65±0.60b 3129.98±133.79d F 37.2±1.50ab 81.8±2.09ab 22.47±0.27abc 19.39±0.46cd 3563.97±177.53b F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 24.569** 12.026** 41.273** 102.913** 94.552** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 8.730* 132.099** 13.453** 0.049 445.298** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 0.053 0.581 1.035 8.041** 4.367* 2020 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 36.8±1.28d 78.8±1.72c 22.18±0.22b 19.97±0.48a 3490.32±43.17d F 41.1±1.28a 84.7±1.80a 22.57±0.22a 19.94±0.46a 3811.89±86.62a 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 37.2±1.28d 76.2±1.69d 22.29±0.22b 19.92±0.55a 3383.41±58.17e F 39.9±1.10b 85.3±1.76a 22.66±0.22a 19.96±0.56a 3858.06±54.39a 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 33.7±1.42e 72.2±1.77f 21.88±0.22c 19.38±0.43b 3061.53±76.24g F 36.6±1.35d 80.7±2.48b 22.31±0.22b 19.71±0.43a 3548.62±64.32c 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean/ -F0 36.5±1.99d 74.8±1.56e 22.21±0.14b 19.83±0.48a 3294.37±96.97f F 38.2±1.35c 81.5±2.20b 22.58±0.14a 19.84±0.48a 3651.10±89.09b F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 112.903** 64.314** 12.076** 6.069* 165.329** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 545.514** 785.811** 3013.410** 89.634** 1780.104** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 18.595** 7.754** 3.962 78.902** 18.337** 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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表 3 前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式和施肥对大豆形态指标和病株率的影响
Table 3. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on plant morphological and diseased plant rate of soybean with straw returning of preceding crop
年份
Year轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization
treatment株高
Plant height
(cm)茎粗
Stem diameter
(mm)底荚高度
Height of
bottom pod
(cm)分枝数
Branch number
per plant病株率
Diseased plant
rate (%)2019 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 75.5±1.11c 7.28±0.25a 16.3±0.31c 3.3±0.17ef 0.11±0.02d F 78.3±1.37a 7.32±a0.07 17.2±0.32a 4.0±0.26ab 0.13±0.02d 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 75.2±1.25c 7.36±0.07a 15.8±0.31d 3.5±0.26de 0.13±0.02d F 76.5±1.82b 7.42±0.04a 16.9±0.35b 4.1±0.20a 0.12±0.02d 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 66.2±1.33f 6.11±0.07d 14.4±0.29f 3.1±0.26f 1.21±0.17a F 70.2±1.37e 6.38±0.08c 15.3±0.30e 3.5±0.20de 1.01±0.14b 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 69.6±1.45e 6.28±0.17c 15.8±0.52d 3.6±0.17cd 0.87±0.12bc F 72.4±1.27d 6.72±0.16b 15.9±0.31d 3.8±0.26bc 0.85±0.12c F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 384.592** 231.247** 337.685** 10.015** 133.333** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 182.866** 56.636** 294.502** 108.300** 143.765** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 7.526* 12.393** 25.742** 5.900* 129.856** 2020 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 74.9±1.06d 6.92±0.04b 16.1±0.31c 3.4±0.26cd 0.08±0..02d F 78.0±1.37b 7.21±0.03a 16.7±0.31b 3.9±0.35a 0.10±0.02d 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 75.8±1.32c 7.12±0.03a 16.5±0.31b 3.6±0.26abc 0.09±0.02d F 79.2±1.38a 7.13±0.04a 17.1±0.32a 3.9±0.17a 0.08±0.02d 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 69.3±1.37g 6.03±0.03a 15.1±0.30f 3.2±0.20d 1.32±0.19a F 71.3±1.39f 6.22±0.03d 15.5±0.28e 3.6±0.17abc 1.14±0.16b 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 71.2±1.46f 6.75±0.03c 15.8±0.52d 3.5±0.17bcd 0.74±0.10c F 73.5±1.54e 6.77±0.21c 15.7±0.44de 3.8±0.20ab 0.76±0.11c F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 429.036** 228.270** 81.982** 16.895** 133.333** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 298.148** 17.694** 865.280** 21.774** 90.090** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 4.895* 5.050* 129.114** 0.355 147.748** 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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表 4 前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式和施肥对生物量累积分配的影响
Table 4. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on biomass accumulation and allocation of soybean with straw returning of preceding crop
轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization treatment2019 2020 总干重
Total dry weight
(kg∙hm−2)籽粒干重
Grain dry weight
(kg∙hm−2)收获指数
Harvest index总干重
Total dry weight
(kg∙hm−2)籽粒干重
Grain dry weight
(kg∙hm−2)收获指数
Harvest index大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean/garlicF0 11 184.1±193.96d 3061.1±62.18d 27.37±0.25c 11 604.3±287.28b 3114.6±56.12cd 26.84±0.48bcd F 13 220.5±292.94a 3459.8±91.54a 26.17±0.46e 13 043.0±259.44a 3400.3±62.10a 26.07±0.49cd 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 11 668.0±218.60c 3114.2±84.51c 26.69±0.45d 11 168.7±193.71b 3018.9±79.05de 27.03±0.93bc F 12 949.9±230.11ab 3359.2±61.72b 25.94±0.51e 13 097.9±238.29a 3438.2±62.46a 26.25±0.73a 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean/wheatF0 8202.0±474.77f 2529.5±78.56g 30.84±0.53a 9333.4±517.94c 2743.1±66.60f 29.39±1.29ab F 9842.3±203.36e 2908.4±84.88e 29.55±0.51b 11 162.6±460.53b 3165.7±108.00bc 28.36±1.29cd 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean/-F0 11 235.3±321.61d 2754.9±80.11f 24.52±0.50f 11 663.2±262.47b 2940.3±77.11e 25.21±0.50cd F 12 667.2±280.94b 3140.2±64.04c 24.79±0.49f 12 081.6±958.34b 3256.8±74.87b 25.03±0.44d F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 457.915** 178.518** 420.103** 22.204** 7.648* 9.382* 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 341.680** 1608.851** 157.077** 76.637** 30.757** 63.080** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 3.586 1345.338** 36.428** 4.631* 643.437** 4.308* 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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表 5 前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式和施肥对氮素累积分配的影响
Table 5. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on nitrogen accumulation and allocation of soybean with straw returning of preceding crop
轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization
treatment总氮累积量
Total nitrogen
accumulation (kg∙hm−2)籽粒氮累积量
Grain nitrogen
accumulation (kg∙hm−2)氮收获指数
Harvest index of nitrogen氮素生产效率
Nitrogen production
efficiency [kg∙kg−1(N)]大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 201.20±7.99d 105.61±3.14d 52.49±0.32cd 17.29±0.27bc F 231.55±4.59a 119.36±2.99a 51.55±0.28e 16.98±0.38de 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 199.41±6.69d 107.44±3.85c 53.88±0.49ab 17.73±0.24a F 223.95±4.33b 115.89±4.24b 51.75±0.40de 17.04±0.25de 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 159.98±6.96g 87.27±2.06g 54.55±0.33a 17.96±0.29a F 189.11±5.34e 100.34±2.91e 53.06±0.29bc 17.47±0.31b 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 182.64±3.65f 95.04±3.50f 52.04±0.69de 17.14±0.23cd F 211.80±3.54c 108.34±2.93c 51.15±0.38e 16.83±0.22e F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 472.585** 452.287** 21.317** 24.866** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 1058.737** 3465.151** 101.791** 366.792** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 2.179 36.073** 4.602* 14.853** 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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表 6 前茬作物秸秆还田下轮作模式和施肥对土壤容重和有机质含量的影响
Table 6. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on soil bulk density and organic matter content with straw returning of preceding crop
轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization
treatment2019 2020 容重
Bulk density (g∙cm−3)有机质
Organic matter (g∙kg−1)容重
Bulk density (g∙cm−3)有机质
Organic matter (g∙kg−1)V2 R8 V2 R8 V2 R8 V2 R8 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 1.29±0.03d 1.43±0.04cd 17.8±0.31cd 18.3±0.26c 1.25±0.02b 1.44±0.03b 18.1±0.31aa 18.4±0.26bcd F 1.28±0.03e 1.43±0.02cd 17.9±0.38bc 18.4±0.17c 1.26±0.03b 1.45±0.03b 18.3±0.45a 18.6±0.10abc 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 1.28±0.04e 1.45±0.04bc 17.9±0.31bc 18.6±0.20b 1.26±0.03b 1.44±0.03b 18.2±0.32a 18.7±0.17ac F 1.30±0.03c 1.44±0.03c 17.8±0.33cd 18.4±0.30c 1.25±0.03b 1.43±0.03bc 18.3±0.38a 18.6±0.26abc 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 1.26±0.03f 1.39±0.04e 18.2±0.32a 18.8±0.20a 1.24±0.02b 1.41±0.03cd 18.1±0.32a 18.9±0.17a F 1.25±0.03g 1.40±0.02de 18.1±0.36ab 18.7±0.17ab 1.25±0.03b 1.39±0.02d 18.3±0.32a 18.8±0.17ab 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 1.32±0.03a 1.48±0.03ab 17.5±0.31e 17.7±0.20d 1.33±0.04a 1.49±0.03a 17.7±0.31b 18.1±0.20d F 1.28±0.03b 1.49±0.03a 17.6±0.33de 17.8±0.17d 1.31±0.04a 1.50±0.03a 17.6±0.31b 18.2±0.26cd F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 285.630** 41.421** 23.950** 123.857** 21.648** 60.781** 29.698** 6.686* 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 2.8770 0.110 0.000 0.750 0.607 0.128 3.477 0.150 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 25.892** 0.404 1.240 6.750* 5.462* 1.149 1.739 1.350 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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表 7 不同轮作模式下秸秆还田和施肥对土壤全氮和速效氮含量的影响
Table 7. Effects of rotation pattern and fertilization application on soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents with straw returning of preceding crop
轮作模式/还田秸秆
Rotation pattern /
returned straw施肥处理
Fertilization
treatment2019 2020 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g∙kg−1)速效氮
Available nitrogen
(mg∙kg−1)全氮
Total nitrogen
(g∙kg−1)速效氮
Available nitrogen
(mg∙kg−1)V2 R8 V2 R8 V2 R8 V2 R8 大蒜-大豆/大蒜
Garlic-soybean / garlicF0 0.98±0.05cd 1.06±0.06c 15.9±0.61d 22.4±0.69d 1.07±0.05cd 1.09±0.07cd 16.3±0.98d 24.2±0.42de F 1.24±0.03ab 1.24±0.05b 22.7±0.69b 26.9±1.32c 1.28±0.06b 1.32±0.05a 22.5±0.54b 27.5±0.53c 芥菜-大豆/芥菜
Leaf mustard-soybean / leaf mustardF0 0.96±0.04d 1.04±0.12c 16.2±0.37d 22.7±0.78d 1.04±0.06d 1.08±0.06d 16.9±0.98cd 23.9±0.55ef F 1.25±0.03a 1.28±0.10ab 23.1±0.43a 27.4±0.58bc 1.29±0.04ab 1.33±0.10a 22.8±0.42b 28.2±0.50b 小麦-大豆/小麦
Wheat-soybean / wheatF0 1.04±0.03c 1.10±0.11c 16.1±0.52d 22.5±0.54d 1.12±0.03c 1.14±0.06c 17.1±1.46cd 23.6±0.43f F 1.28±0.03a 1.33±0.05a 23.4±0.48a 26.8±1.04c 1.32±0.07a 1.38±0.06a 22.9±0.46b 27.9±0.48b 冬闲-大豆/-
Winter fallow-soybean / -F0 0.94±0.04d 0.95±0.07d 17.9±0.45c 27.9±0.95b 1.02±0.05d 1.04±0.05d 18.3±0.78c 24.3±0.42d F 1.18±0.08b 1.27±0.08ab 22.4±0.43b 30.4±0.66a 1.23±0.05b 1.26±0.07b 24.9±2.69a 28.6±0.50a F 值
F value轮作模式 Rotation pattern (A) 8.010* 5.714* 14.801** 470.254** 19.579** 10.750** 8.312* 34.071** 施肥水平 Fertilizer treatment (B) 546.336** 229.488** 182.808** 724.233** 192.857** 487.118** 225.891** 9973.146** 轮作模式×施肥水平 A×B 1.150 3.276 180.542** 11.618** 0.349 0.686 0.194 38.002** 同列不同小写字母表示不同轮作模式及施肥处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。*、**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平影响显著。Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences at P<0.05 level among fertilization treatments and rotation patterns. * and ** indicate significant effect at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively.
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