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烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响

胡坤 张红雪 郭力铭 吴凤英 周碧青 邢世和 毛艳玲

胡坤, 张红雪, 郭力铭, 吴凤英, 周碧青, 邢世和, 毛艳玲. 烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(9): 1592−1603 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210127
引用本文: 胡坤, 张红雪, 郭力铭, 吴凤英, 周碧青, 邢世和, 毛艳玲. 烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2021, 29(9): 1592−1603 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210127
HU K, ZHANG H X, GUO L M, WU F Y, ZHOU B Q, XING S H, MAO Y L. Effects of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer on the organic carbon fractions and microbial community structure of adlay soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(9): 1592−1603 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210127
Citation: HU K, ZHANG H X, GUO L M, WU F Y, ZHOU B Q, XING S H, MAO Y L. Effects of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer on the organic carbon fractions and microbial community structure of adlay soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2021, 29(9): 1592−1603 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210127

烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210127
基金项目: 中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(闽[2018]TG15号)和福建农林大学科技创新专项基金项目(KFA17397A, CXZX2017226)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    胡坤, 主要研究方向为土壤碳氮循环。E-mail: 243978862@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    毛艳玲, 主要研究方向为土壤碳氮循环。E-mail: fafum@126.com

  • 中图分类号: S154

Effects of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer on the organic carbon fractions and microbial community structure of adlay soil

Funds: This study was supported by the Central Finance Forestry Technology Promotion Demonstration Project of China (Min[2018]TG15), the Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (KFA17397A, CXZX2017226)
More Information
  • 摘要: 为探究烟秆炭基肥对薏苡土壤有机碳组分及微生物群落结构和丰度的影响, 以烟秆生物炭基肥为试验材料, 通过大田试验, 设置不施肥(CK)、常规施化肥(F)、施低量烟秆炭基肥(LBF)、施高量烟秆炭基肥(HBF) 4个处理, 测定土壤pH、有机碳组分及土壤细菌群落结构和丰度, 同时研究与土壤碳循环和微生物活性有关的4种酶活性变化特征, 分析土壤pH、土壤有机碳组分、土壤酶和土壤细菌丰度之间关系。结果表明: 1)施用烟秆炭基肥显著提高土壤pH及土壤有机碳(SOC)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量, 其中MBC提升效果最明显, 与常规施化肥相比提高41.09%~76.04% (P<0.05)。2)施用烟秆炭基肥显著提高土壤淀粉酶、脱氢酶活性, 与常规施化肥相比分别平均提高44.28%和57.54% (P<0.05), 而对土壤蔗糖酶影响不显著。3)施用烟秆炭基肥提高土壤细菌群落Chao1指数和Shannon指数, 提高土壤细菌丰度及多样性。4)施用烟秆炭基肥影响土壤细菌群落组成结构, 提高放线菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度, 降低变形菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度; 显著提高硝化螺旋菌属、布氏杆菌属等细菌属丰度(P<0.05), 降低酸土单胞菌属、泉发菌属丰度(P<0.05)。5)通过RDA分析, 土壤pH、碳组分、土壤酶活性和土壤细菌门群落丰度在烟秆炭基肥施用后存在一定相关关系, 其中土壤pH、SOC、POC、DOC和MBC含量与土壤各种酶活性均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05), 而与变形菌门呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上, 烟秆炭基肥可以提高土壤pH、增加土壤有机碳组分含量、提高土壤酶活性和土壤细菌丰度, 进而改善土壤细菌群落结构, 改良薏苡种植土壤, 优化土壤生态。该研究可为烟秆废弃物资源化利用、土壤肥力提升提供参考依据。
  • 图  1  不同处理土壤细菌α多样性

    CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer.

    Figure  1.  Alpha diversity of soil bacteria under different treatments

    图  2  不同处理土壤细菌群落分布PCA分析图

    CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer.

    Figure  2.  PCA analysis of soil bacterial community distribution under different treatments

    图  3  基于STAMP分析的不同处理土壤显著差异的细菌属

    CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer.

    Figure  3.  Soil bacterial genera with significant differences among different treatments based on STAMP analysis

    图  4  基于分类信息的LEfSe分析的不同处理土壤细菌进化分支图

    Figure  4.  Evolutionary branch diagram of LEfSe analysis of soil bacteria based on classification information

    图  5  土壤pH、碳组分与酶活性及细菌门水平相对丰度相关分析

    SOC: 土壤有机碳; DOC: 可溶性有机碳; POC: 颗粒有机碳; EOC: 易氧化有机碳; MBC: 微生物量碳; S-AMY: 土壤淀粉酶; S-INV: 土壤蔗糖酶; S-DEH: 土壤脱氢酶; S-CAT: 土壤过氧化氢酶; Pro: 变形菌门; Act: 放线菌门; Chl: 绿弯菌门; Aci: 酸杆菌门; Sac: 螺旋体菌门; Bac: 拟杆菌门; Gem: 芽单胞菌门; Nit: 硝化螺旋菌门; Ver: 疣微菌门; Pla: 浮霉状菌门。SOC: soil organic carbon; DOC: dissolved organic carbon; POC: particulate organic carbon; EOC: easily oxidized organic carbon; MBC: microbial biomass carbon; S-AMY: soil amylase; S-INV: soil sucrase; S-DEH: soil dehydrogenase; S-CAT: soil catalase; Pro: Proteobacteria; Act: Actinobacteria; Chl: Chloroflexi; Aci: Acidobacteria; Sac: Saccharibacteria; Bac: Bacteroidetes; Gem: Gemmatimonadetes; Nit: Nitrospirae; Ver: Verrucomicrobia; Pla: Planctomycetes.

    Figure  5.  Correlation analysis among soil pH, carbon components, enzymes activities and relative abundances of bacterial phyla

    表  1  供试材料基本化学性质

    Table  1.   Basic chemical properties of the test materials

    供试材料
    Test material
    pH全碳
    Total carbon
    (g∙kg−1)
    全氮
    Total nitrogen
    (g∙kg−1)
    全磷
    Total phosphorus
    (g∙kg−1)
    全钾
    Total potassium
    (g∙kg−1)
    碱解氮
    Available nitrogen
    (mg∙kg−1)
    有效磷
    Available phosphorus
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效钾
    Available potassium
    (mg∙kg−1)
    黄红壤
    Yellow red soil
    5.529.900.820.2018.2273.5425.41259.22
    生物炭
    Biochar
    9.74645.2022.132.53118.5844.5817.0553.22
    炭基肥
    Biochar-based fertilizer
    7.75389.0475.4549.5665.62\\\
      土壤pH测定的土水比为1∶2.5, 生物炭pH测定的炭水比为1∶10。The soil pH is measured using a soil-water ratio of 1∶2.5, and the biochar pH is measured using a carbon-water ratio of 1∶10.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同处理下土壤pH和有机碳组分变化

    Table  2.   Changes of soil pH and organic carbon fractions under different treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    pH土壤有机碳
    Soil organic carbon
    (g∙kg−1)
    可溶性有机碳
    Dissolved organic carbon
    (mg∙kg−1)
    颗粒有机碳
    Particulate organic carbon
    (g∙kg−1)
    易氧化有机碳
    Easily oxidized organic carbon
    (g∙kg−1)
    微生物量碳
    Microbial biomass carbon
    (mg∙kg−1)
    CK5.52±0.02b10.06±1.01c70.32±0.46d2.52±0.05d3.98±0.29c76.22±1.68c
    F5.38±0.05c10.21±0.59c87.54±1.54c3.47±0.12c4.36±0.20b99.97±1.22c
    LBF6.08±0.03a11.25±0.21b93.04±4.47b4.33±0.09b4.42±0.06b141.05±5.62b
    HBF6.10±0.04a12.54±0.59a101.83±1.17a4.75±0.23a4.65±0.38a175.99±4.61a
      CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。同列数据后不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer. Different lowercase letters in the same column represent significant differences at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同处理下土壤酶活性变化

    Table  3.   Changes in soil enzymes activities under different treatments

    处理
    Treatment
    淀粉酶
    Amylase (mg·g−1)
    蔗糖酶
    Sucrase (mg·g−1)
    脱氢酶
    Dehydrogenase (µg·g−1)
    过氧化氢酶
    Catalase (mL·g−1)
    CK30.59±0.66d42.66±1.61a27.86±1.42c0.71±0.05b
    F41.18±1.67c41.44±2.81a32.03±2.71c0.80±0.06b
    LBF54.12±3.33b44.08±4.17a46.62±1.83b0.84±0.02b
    HBF64.71±1.66a46.99±2.14a54.27±2.40a1.10±0.04a
      CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。同列数据后不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平差异显著。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer. Different lowercase letters in the same column represent significant differences at P<0.05 level.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  不同处理土壤细菌门水平的菌群分布百分比

    Table  4.   Percentage distribution of soil bacteria at the phyla level under different treatments % 

    门 PhylumCKFLBFHBF
    浮霉状菌门 Planctomycetes0.810.370.600.57
    疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobia0.950.660.750.69
    硝化螺旋菌门 Nitrospirae1.480.651.591.07
    芽单胞菌门 Gemmatimonadetes2.854.794.824.68
    拟杆菌门 Bacteroidetes4.064.324.955.29
    螺旋体菌门 Saccharibacteria4.263.344.454.66
    酸杆菌门 Acidobacteria9.074.054.175.21
    绿弯菌门 Chloroflexi13.9515.4912.9713.85
    放线菌门 Actinobacteria19.5222.2523.0324.69
    变形菌门 Proteobacteria39.7039.8637.9735.36
      CK: 对照; F: 常规施化肥; LBF: 施低量烟秆炭基肥; HBF: 施高量烟秆炭基肥。CK: control; F: conventional chemical fertilization; LBF: application of low amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer; HBF: application of high amount of tobacco stalk biochar-based fertilizer.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-03-08
  • 录用日期:  2021-04-30
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-08-19
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-06

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