直灌咸水与施氮磷对滨海重盐碱地柽柳生长及养分分布的影响

邱发根; 杨莉琳; 刘敏; 朱向梅; 陈淑伶

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210209

直灌咸水与施氮磷对滨海重盐碱地柽柳生长及养分分布的影响

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210209

1.
铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院　铜仁　554300
2.
河北省香河县农业农村局　香河　065400

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31270521)、贵州省教育厅创新群体重大研究项目(黔教合KY字[2016]053号)、贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1312)、铜仁学院博士基金项目(trxyDH1525)和农业生态创新团队(CXTD[2020-10])资助

详细信息

作者简介:
邱发根, 主要研究方向为园林植物与环境生态。E-mail: 524291065@qq.com

通讯作者:
杨莉琳, 主要研究方向为土壤养分循环与环境生态。E-mail: yangllin@sjziam.ac.cn

中图分类号: S153; S147.2; Q945.78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-07
- 录用日期: 2021-07-12
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-10-01

Impact of saline irrigation and application of N and P on growth and nutrient distribution of Tamarix chinensis planted in coastal saline-alkali soil

1.
College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China
2.
Xianghe Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Xianghe 065400, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270521), the Major Research Project of Innovation Group for Guizhou Education Department (Qian Education No. [2016] 053), the Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province (Qian Scienc No. [2019] 1312), the Doctoral Fund Project for Tongren University (trxyDH1525), and the Agro-ecological Innovation Research Group (CXTD[2020-10]).

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: yangllin@sjziam.ac.cn

摘要

摘要: 柽柳是滨海重盐碱地改良与景观绿化和固碳(C)的重要树种, 春季灌溉咸水被认为是快速缓解柽柳干旱与盐胁迫的有效措施。针对滨海重盐碱地土壤缺氮(N)、贫磷(P)、干旱与盐胁迫的突出问题, 以促进柽柳固碳排盐、快速生长、改良盐碱地为目标, 围绕利用当地咸水资源缓解春季干旱与返盐双重危害的核心问题开展研究。在华北低平原区的滨海重盐碱地布设了为期4年的咸水灌溉与施肥的2因素定位试验。试验设不灌水和灌溉地下咸水(盐分为8.02~9.34 g·L⁻¹, W)条件下的不施肥(CK、WCK), 单施氮(N、WN)和施氮磷(NP、WNP)共6个处理。研究结果表明: 柽柳的生长与蘖枝萌发主要发生在春—夏季, 长高、增粗与分蘖同期但不同步, 株高的生长速率呈斜坡状下降, 分蘖速率呈先升后降的趋势, 6月达最高峰; 柽柳基茎增粗的速率先快后慢。首次灌溉咸水极显著地降低柽柳植株含水率、植株鲜重与叶干重, 但不影响茎干重; 连续3年灌溉咸水抑制柽柳长高与增粗, 降低茎杆与叶片的N含量, 但叶片P含量平均提高11.8%, 柽柳的分蘖率显著提高。灌溉咸水条件下施氮磷肥(WNP)能减缓春—夏季(5—6月)柽柳长高与增粗速率的下降, 加速蘖枝萌发, 提高叶片N、K含量, 促进Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺由茎杆向叶片转移, 改变Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺离子在茎叶的分布。灌溉咸水条件下WNP处理可通过加速分蘖、促进养分吸收和盐基离子运输来缓解连续灌咸水抑制柽柳生长的负面影响。研究结果可为重盐碱地柽柳的合理灌溉咸水和科学施肥提供依据。
- 柽柳 /
- 生长节率 /
- 灌溉咸水 /
- NP营养 /
- 咸水耦合施肥 /
- 离子
Abstract: Saline irrigation is a highly effective method of elimination of salt and drought stress in spring in the coastal severe saline-alkali soils. Tamarix chinensis, a salt-tolerant plant, plays an important role in reforming the ecological landscape of the coastal wetlands in northern China. However, the responses of plant growing rhythm of T. chinensis to long-term saline irrigation-associated fertilization remain unclear. To promote the rapid growth of T. chinensis for carbon (C) fixation, landscape construction, and saline-alkali soils reclamation, an experiment involving irrigation with local phreatic saline resources and application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was conducted to alleviate spring drought and salt stresses, and solve the prominent problems of soil N and P deficiencies in the coastal severe saline-alkali soil. The experiment was consisted of two factors of saline irrigation and N and P fertilization over a four-year period in the coastal saline-alkali soil in the low plain of North China. Six treatments included no fertilizer as control (CK, WCK), only applying N (N, WN), applying both N and P (NP, WNP), each corresponding to no irrigation (the first) and irrigation with local phreatic saline water containing 8.02−9.34 g·L⁻¹ salt (the second), respectively. The results showed that the growth and resprouting of T. chinensis occurred mainly in spring till to summer, but plant height and diameter increase and resprouting did not synchronized simultaneously. The trends of rates of plant height growing, resporuting and stem diameter thickening of T. chinensis during the growth season were as sloping shapes, triangle, and up fast following down slowly, respectively. In the first year of saline irrigation, soil water content, fresh weight of plant and leaf dry weight of T. chinensis was reduced significantly (P<0.01); but the stem dry weight was not impacted. However, after three-year saline water irrigation, the plant height and diameter growth was inhibited, the N content of stem and leaf were decreased significantly (P<0.05), but the P content of leaf increased by 11.8% on average, and branch numbers of T. chinensis increased significantly (P<0.05). The WNP treatment, i.e. saline irrigation and applying NP, retarded the decline of growth rate of plant height and stem diamter during spring to summer (May−June), not only accelerated the resprouting rate, but also increased the N and K contents of leaves, and promoted the transfer of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ from stem to leaves, which resulted in a distribution change of ion in stem and leaf. WNP can alleviated the negative effect of continuous saline irrigation on the growth of T. chinensis by accelerating resprouting, promoting nutrient absorption and ion transport. The results provides a support for rational saline water irrigation and fertilization for T. chinensis in the costal serious saline-alkali soil.
- Tamarix chinensis /
- Growth rhythm /
- Saline irrigation /
- Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients /
- Saline irrigation-associated fertilization /
- Ion

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图 1 咸水灌溉与施肥处理下柽柳株高(A)、茎粗(B)、冠幅(C)和分蘖(D)的生长动态

CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: saline irrigation without fertilization; WN: saline irrigation with N fertilization; WNP: saline irrigation with N and P fertilization.

Figure 1. Dynamics of plant height (A), stem diameter (B), crown breadth (C), tillering number (D) of Tamarix chinensis under different treatments of fertilization and irrigation of saline water

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图 2 咸水灌溉与施肥处理对柽柳株高(A)、茎粗(B)、冠幅(C)、分蘖(D)增长速率的影响

Figure 2. Growing speeds of plant height (A), stem diameter (B), crown breadth (C), tillering number (D) of Tamarix chinensis under different treatments of fertilization and irrigation of saline water

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表 1 第1年咸水灌溉与施肥处理对柽柳植株生物学性状的影响(单株)

Table 1. Effect of different treatments of fertilization and saline irrigation on biological characteristics of Tamarix chinensis (per plant) in the first year

日期(月-日) Date (month-day)	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (cm)	蘖数 Tiller number	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	干重 Dry weight (g)	叶干重 Leaf dry weight (g)	茎干重 Stem dry weight (g)	含水率 Water content (%)
07-03	CK	125.5±2.56B	0.80±0.02	8.6±0.22a	284.5±29.60b	117.1±14.79B	—	—	143.6±1.53B
	N	133.8±6.53AB	0.86±0.05	10.2±0.59a	419.2±44.19ab	163.6±6.13AB	—	—	155.2±2.88A
	NP	147.1±4.63A	0.89±0.07	10.8±1.31a	507.9±47.39a	198.6±20.97A	—	—	154.1±1.47A
	WCK	120.8±7.75b	0.74±0.07b	9.1±0.68a	272.9±26.81b	114.3±13.39B	—	—	137.8±0.95B
	WN	137.0±6.20ab	0.93±0.02a	9.4±1.18a	384.0±39.37ab	163.5±10.71AB	—	—	126.5±1.90C
	WNP	143.1±1.91a	0.94±0.02a	11.6±0.91a	478.0±36.58a	192.4±15.18A	—	—	148.6±1.18A
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	—	—	***
	F	*	*	*	**	**	—	—	***
	W×F	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	—	—	***
09-15	CK	125.7±2.17B	0.89±0.03B	4.3±0.44b	275.2±30.88b	130.3±14.24B	55.5±6.54b	74.8±8.98b	110.7±4.10a
	N	140.5±5.22AB	1.15±0.04A	6.1±0.59a	466.8±40.09a	223.4±17.41A	87.1±7.25ab	136.2±10.89a	108.3±2.65a
	NP	151.3±3.72A	1.18±0.05A	7.2±0.76a	575.1±44.28a	269.3±21.53A	107.6±7.23a	161.7±15.52a	114.1±4.02a
	WCK	123.1±5.75B	0.86±0.04B	4.8±0.38b	244.8±37.16b	126.5±18.21B	47.5±7.50b	78.9±11.14b	92.0±2.53b
	WN	140.3±5.11AB	1.10±0.04A	6.6±0.62a	429.1±30.26a	213.5±14.15A	76.8±6.26a	136.7±9.13a	100.6±1.88a
	WNP	149.8±4.99A	1.17±0.04A	7.1±0.82a	517.3±34.20a	257.5±16.96A	95.1±8.34a	162.3±12.69a	101.2±3.18a
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	ns	ns	ns	*	ns	*	**	**
	F	**	**	*	***	***	***	***	ns
	W×F	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 二者的交互效应; 表中数据为平均值±SE (n=3)。同列同一日期2个水处理组内的不同小写和大写字母分别表示不同施肥处理间在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著。、和*分别表示在P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: saline irrigation without fertilization; WN: saline irrigation with N fertilization; WNP: saline irrigation with N and P fertilization; W: saline irrigation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of the two factors. Values are means±SE (n=3). Different lowercase letters and uppercase letters in the same column and in same date indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively, among different treatments. , and * indicate significant differences at P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001 levels, respectively. “ns” indicates no significant differences.

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表 2 咸水灌溉与施肥处理对柽柳茎叶养分和碳含量的影响

Table 2. Nutrients and C contents of stem and leaf of Tamarix chinensis under different treatments fertilization and irrigation of saline water g∙kg⁻¹　

部位 Organ	处理 Treatment	N	P	K	C
茎杆 Stem	CK	5.0±0.02C	2.6±0.10	7.3±0.38	431.0±4.01
	N	7.2±0.08A	2.4±0.21	8.3±0.60	429.8±1.72
	NP	6.1±0.27B	2.4±0.20	7.5±0.39	426.7±0.66
	WCK	4.9±0.07b	2.5±0.12	7.2±0.16	429.4±5.15
	WN	5.5±0.24a	2.2±0.32	7.4±0.15	411.3±3.11
	WNP	5.4±0.07a	2.3±0.07	7.8±0.30	431.1±9.10
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	**	ns	ns	ns
	F	***	ns	ns	#
	W×F	*	ns	ns	#
叶片 Leaf	CK	19.9±0.22b	3.7±0.14	10.31±0.46	382.6±6.11
	N	23.5±0.82a	3.9±0.15	10.74±0.40	384.2±5.49
	NP	23.0±1.20ab	3.6±0.06	9.99±0.46	382.2±4.49
	WCK	20.1±0.27b	4.2±0.06	9.70±0.33b	380.8±2.79
	WN	20.9±0.49ab	4.1±0.08	10.90±0.24a	375.6±8.65
	WNP	21.9±0.31a	4.2±0.14	10.40±0.20ab	374.2±6.88
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	*	**	ns	ns
	F	*	ns	#	ns
	W×F	*	ns	*	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌咸水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 二者的交互效应; 表中数据为平均值±SE (n=3)。同一部位同列不同水处理组内的不同小写和大写字母分别表示不同处理在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著。#、、和*分别表示在P<0.1、P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: saline irrigation without fertilization; WN: saline irrigation with N fertilization; WNP: saline irrigation with N and P fertilization; W: saline irrigation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of the two factors. Values are means±SE (n=3). Different lowercase letters and uppercase letters respectively, in the same column and of the same organ indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively, among different treatments. #, , and * indicate significant differences at P<0.1, P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant differences.

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表 3 咸水灌溉与施肥处理对柽柳茎杆盐基离子含量及离子比的影响

Table 3. Effect of fertilization and irrigation of saline water on stem ions contents and ions ratios of Tamarix chinensis

部位 Organ	处理 Treatment	Na⁺ (mg∙g⁻¹)	Ca²⁺ (mg∙g⁻¹)	Mg²⁺ (mg∙g⁻¹)	K/Na	Na/Ca	Ca/Mg	K/Ca
茎杆 Stem	CK	3.75±0.17	1.65±0.03a	1.23±0.03b	1.95	2.27	1.34	4.42
	N	4.14±0.19	1.66±0.08a	1.53±0.13a	2.00	2.49	1.08	5.00
	NP	3.51±0.20	1.51±0.08a	1.37±0.07ab	2.14	2.32	1.10	4.97
	WCK	3.45±0.12	1.20±0.05b	0.98±0.11b	2.09	2.88	1.22	6.00
	WN	3.74±0.24	1.59±0.10a	1.20±0.07a	1.98	2.35	1.33	4.65
	WNP	3.86±0.26	1.52±0.21ab	1.09±0.08ab	2.02	2.54	1.39	5.13
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	ns	*	**
	F	ns	ns	*
	W×F	ns	ns	ns
叶片 Leaf	CK	9.20±0.72B	13.26±0.62b	5.18±0.06	1.12	0.69	2.56	0.78
	N	11.61±1.09A	14.04±0.47ab	5.34±0.11	0.93	0.83	2.63	0.76
	NP	12.22±2.34A	15.34±0.10a	5.64±0.09	0.82	0.80	2.72	0.65
	WCK	9.58±0.32B	15.71±0.34b	5.19±0.02b	1.01	0.61	3.03	0.62
	WN	11.75±1.41A	16.89±6.64ab	6.13±0.31ab	1.01	0.64	2.76	0.65
	WNP	11.54±1.23A	18.04±1.10a	6.37±0.26a	0.90	0.64	2.83	0.58
	2因素方差分析差异来源 Two-factorial analysis of variance
	W	ns	***	**
	F	**	**	**
	W×F	#	ns	ns
CK: 不灌咸水不施肥; N: 不灌咸水施N; NP: 不灌咸水施NP; WCK: 灌咸水不施肥; WN: 灌咸水施N; WNP: 灌咸水施NP; W: 灌咸水处理; F: 施肥处理; W×F: 二者的交互效应; 表中数据为平均值±SE (n=3)。同一部位同列不同水处理组内的不同小写和大写字母分别表示不同处理在P<0.05和P<0.01水平差异显著。#、、和*分别表示在P<0.1、P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001水平差异显著; ns表示差异不显著。CK: neither irrigation nor fertilization; N: N fertilization without irrigation; NP: N and P fertilization without irrigation; WCK: saline irrigation without fertilization; WN: saline irrigation with N fertilization; WNP: saline irrigation with N and P fertilization; W: saline irrigation; F: fertilization; W×F: interaction of the two factors. Values are means±SE (n=3). Different lowercase letters and uppercase letters in the same column and of the same organ indicate significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively, among different treatments. #, , and * indicate significant differences at P<0.1, P<0.05, P<0.01, and P<0.001 levels, respectively; “ns” indicates no significant differences.

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