杉木人工林表土有机质含量及其对土壤养分的影响

于文睿南; 潘畅; 郭佳欢; 冯会丽; 陈杰; 俞元春

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210211

杉木人工林表土有机质含量及其对土壤养分的影响

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210211

1.
南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心/南京林业大学生物与环境学院　南京　210037
2.
福建省建阳范桥国有林场　南平　354200

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0600304)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
于文睿南, 主要从事土壤生态研究。E-mail: 853255684@qq.com

通讯作者:
俞元春, 主要从事森林土壤研究。E-mail: ycyu@njfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S714.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-07
- 录用日期: 2021-06-23
- 网络出版日期: 2021-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-10

Topsoil organic matter and its effect on the soil nutrients contents of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations

1.
Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University / College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
2.
Jianyang Fanqiao State-owned Forest Farm, Nanping 354200, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFD0600304) and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: ycyu@njfu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 土壤有机质在森林生态系统中具有重要作用, 是估算土壤碳储量、评价土壤肥力和质量的重要指标。本文利用已发表文献中的数据, 从省域尺度上分析了杉木人工林土壤有机质的分布特征及其对土壤养分含量的影响, 为杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林可持续经营提供理论依据。本文以文献中广东、广西、湖南、江西、浙江、福建6省22个林场1092个研究数据为基础, 分析了我国杉木人工林主产区表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机质含量特征、对土壤类型和地形等的响应及其对土壤养分的影响。结果显示, 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质平均含量为(31.02±13.44) g·kg⁻¹, 养分等级为中, 变异系数为43.33%, 属中等变异水平; 有效磷含量为(5.41±8.01) mg·kg⁻¹, 养分等级为富, 属高度变异, 变异系数为148.06%; 全磷含量(0.49±0.38) g·kg⁻¹, 养分等级为极贫, 变异系数为77.55%, 属中等变异。不同土壤类型有机质含量差异较大, 山地黄壤的含量最高, 为(46.63±16.88) g·kg⁻¹, 暗红壤最低, 为(15.81±4.38) g·kg⁻¹。林分密度、海拔、坡度和土壤pH是杉木人工林表土有机质含量变化的主要影响因素, 相对贡献量分别为−0.35、0.28、0.11和0.11。土壤有机质对全氮、有效氮、全钾、有效钾的贡献程度较高, 相对贡献量分别为0.17、0.47、0.16和0.21。结果表明: 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质的养分等级为中。从样本量占比区间来看, 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质分布等级较为集中, 主要分级表现出“多中下, 少富级, 无极贫”的分布特征。海拔、坡度和土壤pH对土壤有机质含量变化的影响表现出明显的正效应, 林分密度则为负效应; 土壤有机质对土壤全氮、有效氮、全钾、有效钾含量有较明显的正面促进作用, 对全磷具有微弱的负面影响。
- 杉木人工林 /
- 土壤有机质 /
- 土壤养分 /
- 环境因子 /
- 逐步回归分析 /
- 结构方程模型
Abstract: Soil organic matter plays an important role in forest ecosystems and is an important index for estimating soil carbon storage and soil fertility and quality. In this study, the distribution of soil organic matter and its influence on soil nutrients were analyzed on a provincial scale and the impact of environmental factors on changes in the soil organic matter content of Chinese fir plantations (CFPs) was assessed to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of CFPs. Data from 1092 forest farms in six provinces of China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, and Fujian) were used to characterize the distribution of soil organic matter and its effect on the soil nutrients in the topsoil (0–20 cm) in CFPs. The results showed that the average soil organic matter content of the CFPs was 31.02±13.44 g·kg⁻¹, the nutrient grade was at a medium level, and the coefficient of variation was 43.33%, which represented a moderate variation level. The available phosphorus (AP) content was 5.41±8.01 mg·kg⁻¹, the nutrient grade was rich, and the coefficient of variation was as high as 148.06%. The total phosphorus (TP) content was 0.49±0.38 g·kg⁻¹, which was extremely poor, and the coefficient of variation was 77.55%, being moderately variable. The soil organic matter content of different soil types varied greatly. The content in mountain yellow soil was the highest (46.63±16.88 g·kg⁻¹), and that in dark red soil was the lowest (15.81±4.38 g·kg⁻¹). Stand density, elevation, slope, and soil pH were the main factors that affected the soil organic matter content in the topsoil of CFPs, with relative contributions of −0.35, 0.28, 0.11, and 0.11, respectively. The contributions of soil organic matter to total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total potassium (TK), and available potassium (AK) were positive, with relative contributions of 0.17, 0.47, 0.16, and 0.21, respectively. However, soil organic matter contributes less to soil TP, with a relative contribution of −0.09. In general, the nutrient grade of soil organic matter in the surface layer of CFPs was medium. The main grading performance was mainly characterized by moderate to inferior levels, and few rich levels and no extremely poor levels were observed. Altitude, slope, and soil pH had positive effects on soil organic matter, whereas stand density had a negative effect. Soil organic matter had a positive effect on soil TN, AN, TK, and AK and a weak negative effect on TP. The contribution of soil organic matter to TP was low; therefore, the lack of phosphorus in the soil may be the main factor limiting Chinese fir growth.
- Chinese fir plantations /
- Soil organic matter /
- Soil nutrients /
- Environmental factor /
- Stepwise regression analysis /
- Structural equation model

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图 1 杉木人工林表层土壤pH (a)与土壤有机质(SOM, b)含量样本分布

Figure 1. Samples distribution of surface soil pH (a) and soil organic matter content (SOM, b) in Chinese fir plantations

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同省份(a, c)和不同土壤类型(b, d)杉木人工林表层土壤pH(a, b)与土壤有机质(SOM; c, d)含量分布特征

ZJ、JX、HN、GX、FJ和GD分别代表浙江省、江西省、湖南省、广西省、福建省和广东省; PS、MYS、MRS、YRS、RS、RYS、LRS和DRS分别代表紫壤、山地黄壤、山地红壤、黄红壤、红壤、红黄壤、赤红壤和暗红壤。ZJ, JX, HN, GX, FJ and GD represent Zhejiang Province, Jiangxi Province, Hunan Province, Guangxi Province, Fujian Province and Guangdong Province, respectively. PS, MYS, MRS, YRS, RS, RYS, LRS and DRS represent purple soil, mountain yellow soil, mountain red soil, yellow-red soil, red soil, red-yellow soil, lateritic red soil and dark red soil, respectively.

Figure 2. Distribution characteristics of pH (a, b) and soil organic matter content (SOM; c, d) in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations of different soil types (b, d) and different provinces (a, c)

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图 3 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质对土壤养分含量影响的结构方程模型图

模型左侧为环境影响因子[Altitude: 海拔, m; Density: 林分密度, 株·hm⁻²; Slope: 坡度, (°); MAT: 年平均温度, ℃; MAP: 平均降水量, mm; pH]; 模型右侧为土壤养分因子(TN: 全氮, g·kg⁻¹; TP: 全磷, g·kg⁻¹; TK: 全钾, g·kg⁻¹; AN: 有效氮, mg·kg⁻¹; AP: 有效磷, mg·kg⁻¹; AK: 有效钾, mg·kg⁻¹); 模型中部为土壤有机质(SOM, g·kg⁻¹)。The left side of the model is the environmental impact factors [altitude, m; density, plant·hm⁻²; slope, (°); MAT: mean annual temperature,℃; MAP: mean annual precipitation, mm; pH]; the right side of the model is the soil nutrient factor (TN: total N, g·kg⁻¹; TP: total P, g·kg⁻¹; TK: total K, g·kg⁻¹; AN: available N, mg·kg⁻¹; AK: available K, mg·kg⁻¹; AP: available P, mg·kg⁻¹); the medium of the model is the soil organic matter (SOM, g·kg⁻¹).

Figure 3. Structural equation model for the effect of soil organic matter on soil nutrient content in Chinese fir plantations

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表 1 杉木人工林试验地概况

Table 1. General situation of experimental fields of Chinese fir plantations

省份 Province	试验地 Experimental field	土壤类型 Soil type	年份 Year	经纬度 Latitude and longitude
广东 Guangdong	天井山林场 Tianjingshan forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2011	113.0436E, 24.6919N
广东 Guangdong	梁化林场 Lianghua forest farm	赤红壤 Lateritic red soil	2014	114.7849E, 23.1966N
广西 Guangxi	大桂山林场 Daguishan forest farm	山地红壤 Mountain red soil	2016	111.5358E, 24.4171N
	黄冕林场 Huangmian forest farm	山地红壤 Mountain red soil	2016	109.7645E, 24.4867N
	林朵林场 Linduo forest farm	山地红壤 Mountain red soil	2016	107.1961E, 24.9829N
湖南 Hunan	会同生态站 Huitong ecological station	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow soil	2011	109.6012E, 26.7922N
	黄丰桥林场 Huangfengqiao forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2012	113.4488,E 27.2308N
	广坪林场 Guangping forest farm	山地黄壤 Mountain yellow soil	2006	109.6572E, 26.7572N
江西 Jiangxi	山下林场 Shanxia forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2003	114.6650E, 27.7447N
	上村林场 Shangcun forest farm	黄红壤 Yellow-red soil	2003	115.8537E, 27.7600N
	年珠林场 Nianzhu forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2003	114.5793E, 27.5785N
	大岗山林场 Dagangshan forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2011	114.5814E, 27.5793N
浙江 Zhejiang	丽水林场 Lishui forest farm	红黄壤 Red-yellow soil	2004	119.3744E, 27.8524N
浙江 Zhejiang	开化林场 Kaihua forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2018	118.4110E, 29.1459N
福建 Fujian	莘口教学林场 Xinkou teaching forest farm	山地红壤 Mountain red soil	2017	117.5497E, 26.1678N
	宁化林场 Ninghua forest farm	紫壤 Purple soil	2017	116.6971E, 26.2389N
	洋口林场 Yangkou forest farm	山地红壤 Mountain red soil	2017	117.9068E, 26.8177N
	溪后林场 Xihou forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2007	117.9799E, 26.6352N
	将乐林场 Jiangle forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2015	117.4771E, 26.7231N
	旧县林场 Jiuxian forest farm	红壤 Red soil	2001	118.7429E, 27.5378N
	溪东林场 Xidong forest farm	暗红壤 Dark red soil	2017	118.5982E, 27.0881N
	溪后村林场 Xihou Village forest farm	暗红壤 Dark red soil	2015	117.9798E, 26.6389N

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表 2 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质与养分含量的描述性统计

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of soil organic matter and nutrients contents in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations

土壤性质 Soil property	样本量 Samples	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation (%)
有机质 Organic matter (g∙kg⁻¹)	84	8.14	74.79	31.02	13.44	43.33
全氮 Total N (g∙kg⁻¹)	84	0.52	11.34	1.48	1.18	79.73
全磷 Total P (g∙kg⁻¹)	84	0.10	3.31	0.49	0.38	77.55
全钾 Total K (g∙kg⁻¹)	84	1.14	35.47	14.17	7.11	50.11
有效氮 Available N (mg∙kg⁻¹)	84	25.80	464.62	120.29	61.68	51.28
有效磷 Available P (mg∙kg⁻¹)	84	0.03	45.62	5.41	8.01	148.06
有效钾 Available K (mg∙kg⁻¹)	84	3.30	154.64	52.13	33.44	64.15
pH	84	2.80	5.84	4.60	0.45	9.78

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表 3 杉木人工林表层土壤有机质与养分指标间的相关性

Table 3. Correlation between soil organic matter and soil nutrients in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations

变量 Variable	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter	全氮 Total N	全磷 Total P	全钾 Total K	有效氮 Available N	有效磷 Available P	有效钾 Available K
土壤有机质 Soil organic matter	1.000
全氮 Total N	0.168	1.000
全磷 Total P	−0.084	0.301^**	1.000
全钾 Total K	0.160	−0.042	−0.281^**	1.000
有效氮 Available N	0.462^**	0.305^**	0.245^*	0.077	1.000
有效磷 Available P	−0.029	−0.009	0.504^**	−0.331^**	0.173	1.000
有效钾 Available K	0.210	0.429^**	0.175	−0.078	0.247^*	−0.070	1.000
*表示在P<0.01水平上极显著相关, 表示在P<0.05水平上显著相关。样本数量为84。** and * indicate significant correlation at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels, respectively. The number of samples is 84.

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表 4 不同省份杉木人工林表层土壤有机质含量(Y)与土壤养分含量(X)的多因子及互作项逐步回归结果

Table 4. Stepwise regression results of multiple factors and interactions of soil organic matter content (Y) and soil nutrients contents (X) in the topsoil of Chinese fir plantations in different provinces

省份 Province	拟合方程 Fitting equator	决定系数 Coefficient of determination	剩余通径系数 Residual path coefficient
广东 Guangdong	Y=52.016+101.111X₁−1.118X₄	0.9991	0.0299
福建 Fujian	Y=3.918+0.494X₁X₆−0.0519X₅X₆	0.9209	0.2812
广西 Guangxi	Y=3.948−0.570X₃+18.086X₁X₅−0.072X₂X₆−0.203X₅X₆	1.0000	0.0001
湖南 Hunan	Y=81.848−1.330X₅−5.071X₂X₃+0.309X₂X₆+0.033X₅X₆	0.9962	0.0618
江西 Jiangxi	Y=−2.433+29.916X₁−0.4X₆+8.463X₂X₅	0.8717	0.3581
浙江 Zhejiang	Y=−0.906+15.984X₁+0.01X₃X₄	0.8378	0.4028
综合 Comprehensive	Y=29.848−2.729X₁−2.134X₅+0.105X₂X₃+0.234X₃X₅	1.0000	0.0018
X₁: 全氮; X₂: 全磷; X₃: 全钾; X₄: 有效氮; X₅: 有效磷; X₆: 有效钾。X₁: total N; X₂: total P; X₃: total K; X₄: available N; X₅: available P; X₆: available K.

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