黄土高原绿肥填闲种植的水分与产量效应：Meta分析

张少宏; 王俊; RAJANGhimire; 邢文超; 胡映明; 张南南

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210243

黄土高原绿肥填闲种植的水分与产量效应：Meta分析

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210243

张少宏^{1, 2,},
王俊^{1, 2, 3, ,},
RAJANGhimire⁴,
邢文超^{1, 2},
胡映明^{1, 2},
张南南^{1, 2}

1.
西北大学城市与环境学院　西安　710127
2.
陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室　西安　710127
3.
中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心　杨凌　712100
4.
New Mexico State University, Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, NM 88101, USA

基金项目: 中国科学院“西部之光”西部引进人才项目、国家自然科学基金项目(31570440)、陕西省国际科技合作与交流计划重点项目(2020KWZ-010)和陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目(NYKJ-2021-XA-005)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张少宏, 主要研究方向为农田土壤水分研究。E-mail: 864646641@qq.com

通讯作者:
王俊, 主要研究方向为农田生态系统可持续管理研究。E-mail: wangj@nwu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S152.7; S55
计量
- 文章访问数: 330
- HTML全文浏览量: 130
- PDF下载量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-28
- 录用日期: 2021-06-02
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-10

Effect of green manure on soil water and crop yield in the Loess Plateau of China: A Meta-analysis

ZHANG Shaohong^{1, 2
,},
WANG Jun^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
RAJAN Ghimire⁴,
XING Wenchao^{1, 2},
HU Yingming^{1, 2},
ZHANG Nannan^{1, 2}

1.
College of Urban and Environment Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
2.
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi’an 710127, China
3.
Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, China
4.
New Mexico State University, Agricultural Science Center at Clovis, NM 88101, USA

Funds: This study was supported by the Chinese Academy of Science “Light of West China” Program for Introduced Talent in the West, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570440), the Key International Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Project of Shaanxi Province (2020KWZ-010), and Shaanxi Agricultural Science & Technology Innovation-driven Project (NYKJ-2021-XA-005)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wangj@nwu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 绿肥填闲种植是黄土高原旱作农业区一项历史悠久的种植方式, 但受降水资源限制, 绿肥种植可能会增加土壤水分消耗, 进而影响后茬粮食作物的产量。本研究基于46篇黄土高原绿肥相关文献数据, 采用整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法探究绿肥种植对休闲期降水储存效率(PSE)、粮食作物播种时土壤储水量(SWSP)、粮食作物产量、蒸散量(ET)和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明, 与裸地休闲相比, 绿肥种植系统PSE、SWSP和ET分别降低28.28%、4.93%和2.51% (P<0.05), 而后茬粮食作物产量和WUE平均提高2.37%和8.97% (P<0.05)。绿肥填闲种植的水分和产量效应随绿肥翻压至后茬粮食作物播种间隔时间、绿肥生物量以及气候条件而发生变化。PSE、SWSP和后茬粮食作物产量随豆科绿肥翻压至后茬粮食作物播种间隔时间的延长均呈先增加后减少变化, 指标的效应量(response ratio, RR)均在间隔时间约13 d时达最大。后茬粮食作物产量和WUE的RR与豆科绿肥生物量之间存在二项式相关, 并分别在绿肥生物量为2200 kg·hm⁻²和3100 kg·hm⁻²左右时达最大。总体来看, 黄土高原地区种植绿肥虽然降低了土壤水分, 但对后茬粮食作物产量形成和水分利用具有显著的促进作用, 提前13 d左右进行绿肥翻压、控制豆科绿肥生物量在2200~3100 kg·hm⁻²能够有效减缓对土壤水分的负面影响。
- 绿肥 /
- 土壤水分 /
- 产量 /
- 水分利用效率 /
- 整合分析
Abstract: Planting green manure is a long-established planting pattern in the dryland cropping areas across the Loess Plateau of China. However, due to limited precipitation, planting green manure may reduce soil water content and affect the succeeding crop yield. By combining data from 46 peer-reviewed publications, a Meta-analysis was carried out to assess the effect of green manure on precipitation storage efficiency (PSE) during the fallow period, soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (SWSP), succeeding crop yields, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency (WUE) in the Loess Plateau of China. Compared to fallow areas without green manure, area with green manure decreased PSE, SWSP and ET by 28.28% (P<0.05), 4.93% (P<0.05) and 2.51% (P<0.05), respectively, however, it increased succeeding crop yield and WUE by 2.37% and 8.97% (P<0.05), respectively. Green manure effect on soil water, crop yield, and soil water use varied with the interval between green manure termination and planting of succeeding crop, green manure biomass, and climatic conditions. Strong polynomial relationship was found between the response ratios (RRs) of PSE, SWSP and the interval between legume green manure termination and succeeding crop planting. Both PSE and SWSP maximized at an interval of 13 d. The RRs of crop yield and WUE were also correlated with legume green manure biomass in a polynomial way. Succeeding crop yield and WUE maximized when the legume green manure biomass was 2200 and 3100 kg∙hm⁻², respectively. Overall, introducing green manure during fallow period reduced soil water but enhanced succeeding crop production and water use in the Loess Plateau. Leaving a 12–14 d interval between legume green manure termination at a biomass of 2200–3100 kg∙hm⁻²,succeeding crop planting can be a reliable practice to mitigate soil water consumption in such dryland areas.
- Green manure /
- Soil water /
- Yield /
- Water use efficiency /
- Meta-analysis

HTML全文

图 1 数据来源的试验地点分布

Figure 1. Distribution of the experimental sites from which data was collected for the Meta-analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 绿肥种植对休闲期降水储存效率(a)和后茬粮食作物播种时土壤储水量(b)的影响

Figure 2. Response ratios of planting green manure compared to no green manure on precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period (a) and soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 休闲期降水储存效率(a)和后茬粮食作物播种时土壤贮水量(b)的响应比与翻压绿肥至后茬粮食作物播种间隔天数的关系

Figure 3. Relationship between the response ratios of green manure compared to no green manure on precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period (a) and soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (b) and the interval between green manure termination and planting of succeeding crop

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 休闲期降水储存效率(a)和后茬粮食作物播种时土壤贮水量(b)的响应比与休闲期降水量的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between the response ratio of green manure compared to no green manure on precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period (a), soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (b) and precipitation during the fallow period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 绿肥种植对后茬粮食作物产量(a)、蒸散量(b)和水分利用效率(c)的影响

Figure 5. Response ratio of planting green manure compared to no green manure on succeeding crop yield (a), evapotranspiration (b), and water-use efficiency (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 后茬粮食作物产量的响应比与翻压绿肥至后茬粮食作物播种间隔天数(a)和绿肥作物生物量(b)的关系

Figure 6. Relationships between the response ratio of green manure compared to no green manure on succeeding crop yield and the interval between green manure termination and planting of succeeding crop (a), and green manure biomass (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 蒸散量(a)和水分利用效率(b)的效应量与绿肥作物生物量的关系

Figure 7. Relationships between the response ratio of green manure compared to no green manure on succeeding crop evapotranspiration (a) and water-use efficiency (b) and green manure biomass

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 休闲期降水储存效率、后茬粮食作物播种时土壤储水量及后茬粮食作物产量、蒸散量和水分利用效率的数据异质性分析

Table 1. Data heterogeneity for precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period, soil water storage at succeeding crop planting, succeeding crop yield, evapotranspiration, and water-use efficiency

变量 Variable	分组 Categorical group	总异质性 Total heterogeneity	组间异质性 Heterogeneity between-group	组内异质性 Heterogeneity within-group	组间P值 P value among groups
休闲期降水储存效率 Precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period (PSE)	绿肥作物类型 Green manure species	70.42	2.62	67.81	0.139
	年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	—	—	—	—
	年均气温 Mean annual temperature	—	—	—	—
	土壤初始有机碳 Initial soil organic carbon	74.28	8.28	66.00	0.012
粮食作物播种时土壤储水 Soil water storage at succeeding crop planting (SWSP)	绿肥作物类型 Green manure species	221.69	0.18	221.69	0.656
	年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	229.21	10.85	218.36	0.019
	年均气温 Mean annual temperature	226.13	6.33	219.80	0.021
	土壤初始有机碳 Initial soil organic carbon	228.56	10.44	218.12	0.037
后茬粮食作物产量 Succeeding crop yield	绿肥作物类型 Green manure species	347.57	5.24	342.33	0.020
	年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	355.56	9.94	345.62	0.013
	年均气温 Mean annual temperature	346.09	1.84	344.25	0.169
	土壤初始有机碳 Initial soil organic carbon	358.97	8.09	350.87	0.016
蒸散量 Succeeding crop evapotranspiration	绿肥作物类型 Green manure species	106.52	0.0002	106.52	0.988
	年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	109.51	3.13	106.38	0.235
	年均气温 Mean annual temperature	108.57	1.58	107.00	0.202
	土壤初始有机碳 Initial soil organic carbon	106.32	1.35	104.96	0.523
水分利用效率 Succeeding crop water-use efficiency (WUE)	绿肥作物类型 Green manure species	80.33	1.94	78.39	0.163
	年均降水 Mean annual precipitation	83.64	5.61	78.03	0.054
	年均气温 Mean annual temperature	82.77	3.30	79.48	0.077
	土壤初始有机碳 Initial soil organic carbon	77.6	0.24	77.36	0.888

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 休闲期降水储存效率、后茬粮食作物播种时土壤储水量及后茬粮食作物产量、蒸散量和水分利用效率的数据分布(高斯)及发表偏倚性检验结果

Table 2. Data distribution (Gaussian test) and publication bias for precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period, soil water storage at succeeding crop planting, succeeding crop yield, evapotranspiration and water-use efficiency

变量 Variable	观察组数 Number of observation (n)	正态分布(P值) Fitted Gaussian distribution (P value)	失安全系数 Fail-safe number (N)	“Rank-order correlation” P值 P value for Rank-order correlation
休闲期降水储存效率 Precipitation storage efficiency during the fallow period	60	<0.01	1415	0.1847
粮食作物播种时土壤储水量 Soil water storage at succeeding crop planting	202	<0.001	5282	0.1388
后茬粮食作物产量 Succeeding crop yield	368	<0.001	222	0.7811
蒸散量 Succeeding crop evapotranspiration	97	<0.01	181	0.1964
水分利用效率 Succeeding crop water-use efficiency	84	<0.03	599	0.5819

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(79)

[1]	王俊, 薄晶晶, 付鑫. 填闲种植及其在黄土高原旱作农业区的可行性分析[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(14): 5244−5254 WANG J, BO J J, FU X. Research progress in cover cropping and its feasibility in the dryland farming systems on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(14): 5244−5254
[2]	DARYANTO S, FU B J, WANG L X, et al. Quantitative synthesis on the ecosystem services of cover crops[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2018, 185: 357−373 doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.013
[3]	FINNEY D M, KAYE J P. Functional diversity in cover crop polycultures increases multifunctionality of an agricultural system[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 54(2): 509−517 doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.12765
[4]	BLANCO-CANQUI H, SHAVER T M, LINDQUIST J L, et al. Cover crops and ecosystem services: insights from studies in temperate soils[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2015, 107(6): 2449−2474 doi: 10.2134/agronj15.0086
[5]	SHARMA V, IRMAK S. Soil-water dynamics, evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients of cover-crop mixtures in seed maize cover-crop rotation fields. Ⅱ: grass-reference and alfalfa-reference single (normal) and basal crop coefficients[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 2017, 143(9): 04017033 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001215
[6]	DELPUECH X, METAY A. Adapting cover crop soil coverage to soil depth to limit competition for water in a Mediterranean vineyard[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2018, 97: 60−69 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2018.04.013
[7]	POEPLAU C, DON A. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils via cultivation of cover crops— A meta-analysis[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2015, 200: 33−41
[8]	VILLAMIL M B, BOLLERO G A, DARMODY R G, et al. No-till corn/soybean systems including winter cover crops[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2006, 70(6): 1936−1944 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2005.0350
[9]	BARKER J B, HEEREN D M, KOEHLER-COLE K, et al. Cover crops have negligible impact on soil water in Nebraska maize-soybean rotation[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 110(5): 1718−1730 doi: 10.2134/agronj2017.12.0739
[10]	李小涵, 王朝辉, 郝明德, 等. 黄土高原旱地种植体系对土壤水分及有机氮和矿质氮的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(9): 2686−2692 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.09.016 LI X H, WANG Z H, HAO M D, et al. Effects of cropping systems on soil water, organic N and mineral N in dryland soil on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(9): 2686−2692 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.09.016
[11]	李婧, 张达斌, 王峥, 等. 施肥和绿肥翻压方式对旱地冬小麦生长及土壤水分利用的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(3): 136−142 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.03.024 LI J, ZHANG D B, WANG Z, et al. Effect of fertilizer and green manure incorporation methods on the growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 30(3): 136−142 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.03.024
[12]	张祺, 王俊. 填闲种植和施氮量对旱作冬小麦农田土壤水分及作物产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(6): 120−124 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.18 ZHANG Q, WANG J. Effects of cover crop and N fertilization on soil moisture and crop yield in a dryland winter wheat field[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(6): 120−124 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2018.06.18
[13]	张树兰, Lars Lovdahl, 同延安. 渭北旱塬不同田间管理措施下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(4): 20−24 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2005.04.005 ZHANG S L, LOVDAHL L, TONG Y A. Effects of different field management practices on winter wheat yield and water utilization efficiency in Weibei Loess Plateau[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005, 21(4): 20−24 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1002-6819.2005.04.005
[14]	SAINJU U M, WHITEHEAD W F, SINGH B P. Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen pools[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2003, 83(2): 155−165 doi: 10.4141/S02-056
[15]	AMMAR A R M, CHEN Y P, ZHANG T, et al. Cover crops cultivated in summer fallow under varying spatial arrangements improved soil properties of dryland Loess Plateau of China[J]. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(3): 921−931
[16]	吕汉强, 于爱忠, 柴强. 绿洲灌区玉米产量及水分利用对绿肥还田方式的响应[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2020, 28(5): 671−679 LYU H Q, YU A Z, CHAI Q. Response of maize yield and water use to different green manure utilization patterns in arid oasis irrigation area[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2020, 28(5): 671−679
[17]	AO Z Y, XU Q, CHEN Y P, et al. Enhanced stabilization of soil organic carbon by growing leguminous green manure on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2019, 83(6): 1722−1732 doi: 10.2136/sssaj2019.03.0089
[18]	姚致远. 旱地豆科绿肥提升土壤碳氮储量及降低环境代价的潜力与机制[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2019 YAO Z Y. Potential and mechanisms of dryland leguminous green manure for improving soil carbon/nitrogen stocks and reducing environmental costs[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2019
[19]	李志鹏, 王俊, 商雨晴, 等. 填闲作物腐解过程及其对后茬冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2019, 37(4): 75−82, 90 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.04.10 LI Z P, WANG J, SHANG Y Q, et al. Decomposition of cover crop residues in soils and its effects on winter wheat yield[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2019, 37(4): 75−82, 90 doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2019.04.10
[20]	刘苡轩, 黄冬琳, 刘娜, 等. 渭北旱塬豆科绿肥提高冬小麦籽粒锌的效应与影响因素研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(21): 4030−4039 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.003 LIU Y X, HUANG D L, LIU N, et al. The increasing effect and influencing factors of leguminous green manure on wheat grain Zn in Weibei highland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(21): 4030−4039 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.003
[21]	薛乃雯. 旱地麦田夏闲期覆盖及绿肥种植对土壤水分、养分及后作冬小麦生长的影响[D]. 太谷: 山西农业大学, 2018 XUE N W. Effect of mulching and green manures during summer fallow on soil water, nutrition and growth of winter wheat[D]. Taigu: Shanxi Agricultural University, 2018
[22]	付双军. 种植绿肥植物对黄土高原干旱区休耕地土壤肥力的影响[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2018 FU S J. Effects of planting green manure plants on soil fertility in fallow land in arid areas of the loess plateau[D]. Lanzhou: Gansu Agricultural University, 2018
[23]	张祺. 填闲种植对冬小麦田夏闲期土壤水分、温室气体排放及碳氮收支的影响[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2018 ZHANG Q. Effects of cover crop-winter wheat system on soil water, greenhouse gas emission and carbon and nitrogen budget[D]. Xi’an: Northwest University, 2018
[24]	王煊. 旱地不同绿肥和施磷量对土壤肥力、冬小麦生长及磷肥减量效应研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018 WANG X. Effects of different green manure and phosphate fertilizer application on soil fertility, winter wheat growth and fertilizer reduction[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2018
[25]	张滕. 旱地种植不同绿肥和氮磷肥用量对土壤肥力和冬小麦生长影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2018 ZHANG T. Effects of different green manure, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on soil fertility and winter wheat growth in dryland[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2018
[26]	YAO Z Y, WANG Z, LI J, et al. Screen for sustainable cropping systems in the rain-fed area on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2018, 176: 26−35 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2017.07.014
[27]	YAO Z Y, ZHANG D B, YAO P W, et al. Coupling life-cycle assessment and the RothC model to estimate the carbon footprint of green manure-based wheat production in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 607/608: 433−442 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.028
[28]	HE G, WANG Z H, LI F C, et al. Soil nitrate-N residue, loss and accumulation affected by soil surface management and precipitation in a winter wheat-summer fallow system on dryland[J]. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2016, 106(1): 31−46 doi: 10.1007/s10705-016-9787-9
[29]	ZHANG D B, YAO P W, NA Z, et al. Soil water balance and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in different precipitation years in response to green manure approach[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 26856 doi: 10.1038/srep26856
[30]	姚致远, 王峥, 李婧, 等. 旱地基于豆类绿肥不同轮作方式的经济效益分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(1): 76−84 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.14432 YAO Z Y, WANG Z, LI J, et al. Profit analysis of different rotations based on leguminous green manure in dryland area[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(1): 76−84 doi: 10.11674/zwyf.14432
[31]	姚致远, 王峥, 李婧, 等. 轮作及绿肥不同利用方式对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(8): 2329−2336 YAO Z Y, WANG Z, LI J, et al. Effects of rotations and different green manure utilizations on crop yield and soil fertility[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(8): 2329−2336
[32]	胡铁成, 李红燕, 曹群虎, 等. 旱地不同绿肥品种及种植密度的肥饲效应研究[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2015, 43(4): 44−52 HU T C, LI H Y, CAO Q H, et al. Effects of green manure variety and growth density on forage value and soil fertility in dry land[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University: Natural Science Edition, 2015, 43(4): 44−52
[33]	李富翠. 旱地夏闲期覆盖秸秆和种植绿肥协调土壤水肥供应的效应与机制[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2015 LI F C. Soil water and nutrient supply affected by straw retention and planting green manure during summer fallow and its mechanism in dryland[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2015
[34]	ZHANG D B, YAO P W, ZHAO N, et al. Responses of winter wheat production to green manure and nitrogen fertilizer on the loess plateau[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2015, 107(1): 361−374 doi: 10.2134/agronj14.0432
[35]	YANG N, WANG Z H, GAO Y J, et al. Effects of planting soybean in summer fallow on wheat grain yield, total N and Zn in grain and available N and Zn in soil on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2014, 58: 63−72 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2014.05.002
[36]	王峥, 梁颖, 姚鹏伟, 等. 绿肥播前施肥和翻压方式对旱地麦田土壤水肥性状的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014, 32(3): 119−126 WANG Z, LIANG Y, YAO P W, et al. Effects of fertilization before sowing of leguminous green manure and its incorporation methods on soil moisture and nutrient regime of wheat field in Weibei Dryland[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2014, 32(3): 119−126
[37]	苏晨. 不同绿肥与小麦轮作对土壤水肥环境及小麦生长的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014 SU C. Effects of the rotation of different green manures and wheat on soil water-fertility and growth of wheat[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2014
[38]	姚鹏伟, 张达斌, 王峥, 等. 豆科绿肥养分累积规律及其对后茬小麦生长和产量的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2014, 42(3): 111−117 YAO P W, ZHANG D B, WANG Z, et al. Nutrients accumulation of leguminous green manures and the effects on growth and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Northwest A & F University: Natural Science Edition, 2014, 42(3): 111−117
[39]	张春. 夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤性状及冬小麦生长的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2013 ZHANG C. Effects on soil properties and growth of winter wheat of planting different green manures during summer fallow[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2013
[40]	张达斌, 姚鹏伟, 李婧, 等. 豆科绿肥及施氮量对旱地麦田土壤主要肥力性状的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(7): 2272−2281 doi: 10.5846/stxb201112261981 ZHANG D B, YAO P W, LI J, et al. Effects of two years’ incorporation of leguminous green manure on soil properties of a wheat field in dryland conditions[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(7): 2272−2281 doi: 10.5846/stxb201112261981
[41]	张达斌. 种植豆科绿肥和施氮对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量及土壤性质的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012 ZHANG D B. Effects of leguminous green manure and N fertilizer on winter wheat yield and soil properties in Weibei Area[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2012
[42]	杨宁. 豆科绿肥—冬小麦轮作提高小麦产量和营养元素含量的效应与土壤机制[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012 YANG N. The effect and soil mechanism of improving wheat yield and nutrients content with legume-winter wheat rotations[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2012
[43]	李婧. 渭北旱塬两种轮作制度中绿肥的效应研究[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012 LI J. Effects of green manure in two crop rotation systems in Weibei rainfed highland[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2012
[44]	张达斌, 李婧, 姚鹏伟, 等. 夏闲期连续两年种植并翻压豆科绿肥对旱地冬小麦生长和养分吸收的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(1): 59−65 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2012.01.012 ZHANG D B, LI J, YAO P W, et al. Effect of two years incorporation of leguminous green manure during summer fallow period on winter wheat growth and nutrients uptake in dryland[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2012, 21(1): 59−65 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2012.01.012
[45]	李富翠, 赵护兵, 王朝辉, 等. 旱地夏闲期秸秆覆盖和种植绿肥对冬小麦水分利用及养分吸收的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(1): 119−125 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.021 LI F C, ZHAO H B, WANG Z H, et al. Effects of straw mulching and planting green manure on water use and nutrients uptake of winter wheat on dryland[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 30(1): 119−125 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7601.2012.01.021
[46]	李可懿. 黄土高原旱地与豆科绿肥轮作和施氮对小麦产量及籽粒矿质养分的影响及其土壤学机制[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2011 LI K Y. Effects of rotation with legume and nitrogen application on yield and mineral nutrition of wheat grain and its soil mechanism on dryland of the Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2011
[47]	李富翠. 渭北旱地夏闲期秸秆还田和种植绿肥对土壤水分养分和冬小麦生长的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2011 LI F C. Effects of straw returning and planting green manure during summer fallow on soil water, nutrient and winter wheat growth on dryland of Weibei Plain[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2011
[48]	李可懿, 王朝辉, 赵护兵, 等. 黄土高原旱地小麦与豆科绿肥轮作及施氮对小麦产量和籽粒养分的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2011, 29(2): 110−116, 123 LI K Y, WANG Z H, ZHAO H B, et al. Effect of rotation with legumes and N fertilization on yield and grain nutrient contents of wheat in dryland of the Loess Plateau[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2011, 29(2): 110−116, 123
[49]	李富翠, 赵护兵, 王朝辉, 等. 渭北旱地夏闲期秸秆还田和种植绿肥对土壤水分、养分和冬小麦产量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2011, 30(9): 1861−1871 LI F C, ZHAO H B, WANG Z H, et al. Effects of straw mulching and planting green manure on soil water, nutrient and winter wheat yield on Weibei Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(9): 1861−1871
[50]	赵娜. 夏闲期种植豆科绿肥对旱地土壤性质和冬小麦生长的影响及其机制[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2010 ZHAO N. Effect of leguminous green manure in summer on soil properties and winter wheat growth in dryland and its mechanism[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2010
[51]	赵娜, 赵护兵, 鱼昌为, 等. 夏闲期种植翻压绿肥和施氮量对冬小麦生长的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2010, 19(12): 41−47 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2010.12.009 ZHAO N, ZHAO H B, YU C W, et al. Effect of green manure in summer fallow period and nitrogen rate on winter wheat growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2010, 19(12): 41−47 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1389.2010.12.009
[52]	ZHANG S L, LÖVDAHL L, GRIP H, et al. Effects of mulching and catch cropping on soil temperature, soil moisture and wheat yield on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2009, 102(1): 78−86 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2008.07.019
[53]	陈乃政, 曲继宗, 史观义. 晋西山地麦田夏闲期复种绿肥保土增产试验研究[J]. 土壤肥料, 1989, (2): 20−23 CHEN N Z, QU J Z, SHI G Y. A study of soil conservation and yield increase in wheat fields planted to green manure crops in summer in the mountain areas in the west part of Shanxi[J]. Soils and Fertilizers, 1989, (2): 20−23
[54]	曾光秀. 绿肥化肥配合施用的供肥状况及其产量效应[J]. 青海农林科技, 1989, (1): 24−28 ZENG G X. Effects of green manure and chemical fertilizer dressing on fertilizer supply and crop yield[J]. Science and Technology of Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry, 1989, (1): 24−28
[55]	陈乃政, 曲继宗. 晋西山地麦田夏季复播绿肥土壤水分利用的研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 1985, 3(3): 27−36 CHEN N Z, QU J Z. A study of soil moisture in wheat fields planted to green manure crops in summer in the mountain areas in the west part of Shanxi[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 1985, 3(3): 27−36
[56]	侯仕熙, 王立志. 旱地绿肥腐解与耗水试验[J]. 山西农业科学, 1981, 9(6): 16−17 HOU S X, WANG L Z. A study of decomposing characteristics of green manure and soil water consumption in dryland[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences, 1981, 9(6): 16−17
[57]	陈奇恩, 冯永平. 旱地种植绿肥对土壤水分的影响[J]. 土壤肥料, 1980, (3): 51−54 CHEN Q E, FENG Y P. Effects of planting green manure on soil water in dryland[J]. Soils and Fertilizers, 1980, (3): 51−54
[58]	陕西黄陵县农业技术推广站. 麦田套种草木樨压绿肥对后作小麦肥效的试验[J]. 中国农业科学, 1965, (4): 55−56 Huangling Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Shaanxi Province. A study of inter-planting sweet clover and wheat on succeeding wheat fertilizer efficiency[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1965, (4): 55−56
[59]	银敏华, 李援农, 陈朋朋, 等. 基于Meta-analysis的中国北方地区免耕玉米产量效应研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(5): 843−857 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.05.004 YIN M H, LI Y N, CHEN P P, et al. Effect of no-tillage on maize yield in northern region of China — A Meta-analysis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(5): 843−857 doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.05.004
[60]	HEDGES L V, GUREVITCH J, CURTIS P S. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology[J]. Ecology, 1999, 80(4): 1150−1156 doi: 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1150:TMAORR]2.0.CO;2
[61]	MUHAMMAD I, WANG J, SAINJU U M, et al. Cover cropping enhances soil microbial biomass and affects microbial community structure: a meta-analysis[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 381: 114696 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114696
[62]	WANG N J, DING D Y, MALONE R W, et al. When does plastic-film mulching yield more for dryland maize in the Loess Plateau of China? A meta-analysis[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2020, 240: 106290 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106290
[63]	MITCHELL J P, SHRESTHA A, IRMAK S. Trade-offs between winter cover crop production and soil water depletion in the San Joaquin Valley, California[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 70(6): 430−440 doi: 10.2489/jswc.70.6.430
[64]	ALVAREZ R, STEINBACH H S, DE PAEPE J L. Cover crop effects on soils and subsequent crops in the pampas: a meta-analysis[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2017, 170: 53−65 doi: 10.1016/j.still.2017.03.005
[65]	DAIGH A L, HELMERS M J, KLADIVKO E, et al. Soil water during the drought of 2012 as affected by rye cover crops in fields in Iowa and Indiana[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 69(6): 564−573 doi: 10.2489/jswc.69.6.564
[66]	CLARK A J, DECKER A M, MEISINGER J J, et al. Kill date of vetch, rye, and a vetch-rye mixture: Ⅱ. soil moisture and corn yield[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1997, 89(3): 434−441 doi: 10.2134/agronj1997.00021962008900030011x
[67]	BASCHE A D, KASPAR T C, ARCHONTOULIS S V, et al. Soil water improvements with the long-term use of a winter rye cover crop[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016, 172: 40−50 doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2016.04.006
[68]	LEE H, LAUTENBACH S, NIETO A P G, et al. The impact of conservation farming practices on Mediterranean agro-ecosystem services provisioning — a meta-analysis[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2019, 19(8): 2187−2202 doi: 10.1007/s10113-018-1447-y
[69]	FONTANA M B, NOVELLI L E, STERREN M A, et al. Long-term fertilizer application and cover crops improve soil quality and soybean yield in the Northeastern Pampas region of Argentina[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 385: 114902 doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114902
[70]	MARCILLO G S, MIGUEZ F E. Corn yield response to winter cover crops: an updated meta-analysis[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017, 72(3): 226−239 doi: 10.2489/jswc.72.3.226
[71]	GABRIEL J L, QUEMADA M. Replacing bare fallow with cover crops in a maize cropping system: Yield, N uptake and fertiliser fate[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2011, 34(3): 133−143 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2010.11.006
[72]	LYON D J, NIELSEN D C, FELTER D G, et al. Choice of summer fallow replacement crops impacts subsequent winter wheat[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2007, 99(2): 578−584 doi: 10.2134/agronj2006.0287
[73]	KRAMBERGER B, GSELMAN A, JANZEKOVIC M, et al. Effects of cover crops on soil mineral nitrogen and on the yield and nitrogen content of maize[J]. European Journal of Agronomy, 2009, 31(2): 103−109 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.05.006
[74]	BOSELLI R, FIORINI A, SANTELLI S, et al. Cover crops during transition to no-till maintain yield and enhance soil fertility in intensive agro-ecosystems[J]. Field Crops Research, 2020, 255: 107871 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107871
[75]	POTT L P, AMADO T J C, SCHWALBERT R A, et al. Effect of hairy vetch cover crop on maize nitrogen supply and productivity at varying yield environments in Southern Brazil[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 759: 144313 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144313
[76]	CURRIE R S, KLOCKE N L. Impact of a terminated wheat cover crop in irrigated corn on atrazine rates and water use efficiency[J]. Weed Science, 2005, 53(5): 709−716 doi: 10.1614/WS04-170R1.1
[77]	FRASIER I, NOELLEMEYER E, AMIOTTI N, et al. Vetch-rye biculture is a sustainable alternative for enhanced nitrogen availability and low leaching losses in a no-till cover crop system[J]. Field Crops Research, 2017, 214: 104−112 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.08.016
[78]	OLNESS A, ARCHER D. Effect of organic carbon on available water in soil[J]. Soil Science, 2005, 170(2): 90−101 doi: 10.1097/00010694-200502000-00002
[79]	NIELSEN D C, VIGIL M F. Searching for synergism in dryland cropping systems in the central Great Plains[J]. Field Crops Research, 2014, 158: 34−42 doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.12.020