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小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2的研究进展

靳玉丽,  谷田田,  柳洪,  安调过

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文章导航 > 中国生态农业学报(中英文)  > 2022 >  30(5): 779-786
靳玉丽, 谷田田, 柳洪, 安调过. 小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2的研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(5): 779−786 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210279
引用本文: 靳玉丽, 谷田田, 柳洪, 安调过. 小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2的研究进展[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(5): 779−786 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210279
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JIN Y L, GU T T, LIU H, AN D G. Research progress on the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(5): 779−786 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210279
Citation: JIN Y L, GU T T, LIU H, AN D G. Research progress on the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(5): 779−786 doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210279
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小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2的研究进展

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210279

  • 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心　石家庄　050022

基金项目: 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA24030102)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100102)和国家自然科学基金项目(31671771, 31501388)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    靳玉丽, 主要研究方向为小麦抗病新基因的发掘与利用。E-mail: 157124913@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    安调过, 主要研究方向为小麦重要性状基因/QTL的发掘及利用。E-mail: andiaoguo@163.com

  • 中图分类号: S512.1

Research progress on the wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2

  • Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China

Funds: This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA24030102), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0100102) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671771, 31501388)
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    摘要
  • 摘要: 小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一, 其高产、稳产对保障我国粮食安全至关重要。由布氏白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt)引起的白粉病是威胁小麦安全生产的主要病害之一。当前, 小麦白粉病主要通过喷洒化学药剂和改善栽培措施进行防治, 与之相比, 发掘并利用小麦抗白粉病优异基因, 培育抗病品种是控制白粉病流行更为经济、环保和有效的措施。位于小麦5D染色体短臂上的抗白粉病基因Pm2编码一个CC-NBS-LRR蛋白, 其抗性表现优异, 载体材料综合农艺性状优良, 是小麦抗白粉病育种中应用最广泛的基因之一。本文从Pm2基因位点的发现与分子标记定位、等位基因的发掘与利用、基因克隆、功能标记的开发、单倍型分析、无毒基因的研究以及在育种上的应用等方面系统总结了Pm2相关的最新研究进展, 提出了: 1) Pm2不同等位基因抗谱存在差异可能是由遗传背景的不同和其他调控因子以及白粉菌高度杂合所致; 2) 在抗病育种中应当合理布局利用抗白粉病基因Pm2, 从而延长其使用寿命; 3) 深入发掘并利用新的抗病基因及优异等位变异, 加强种质创新, 是保证小麦持久抗性的根本手段。本文为小麦抗白粉病基因Pm2抗病机制的进一步解析和育种应用提供了理论依据。
    Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop in China, high and stable yields are crucial for ensuring food security. Powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. (Bgt) is a devastating disease of wheat. Chemical and agricultural control methods are used to prevent powdery mildew, but utilizing host resistance may represent a more economical, environmentally friendly, and effective method to control the epidemic of powdery mildew. The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2, located on the short arm of chromosome 5D, encodes a CC-NBS-LRR protein and is one of the most widely used Pm genes in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding because of its excellent resistance and desirable agronomic traits. In this review, the recent progress in Pm2 research and utilization in wheat breeding is systematically summarized in terms of the following aspects: identification and characterization of Pm2, exploration and utilization of the alleles at the Pm2 locus, gene cloning, development of functional markers, haplotype analysis, AvrPm2 gene cloning, and the applications in wheat breeding programs. It has been proposed that: 1) the differences in the resistance of different Pm2 alleles may be caused by diverse genetic backgrounds, other regulatory factors in the disease resistance pathway, or the highly heterozygous state of Bgt isolates. 2) The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm2 should be reasonably distributed and utilized in disease resistance breeding to prolong the service life of disease resistance genes and increase durability. 3) Essential methods to control the epidemic of powdery mildew should include mining and utilizing novel resistance genes and allelic variations and strengthening the innovation of new wheat germplasms. This review aimed to provide a theoretical basis for further work on the resistance mechanism of Pm2 and to accelerate its application in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.
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