间作对红壤磷素吸附解吸平衡效应的影响

周龙; 苏丽珍; 王思睿; 王瑞雪; 普正仙; 郑毅; 汤利

doi:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210312

间作对红壤磷素吸附解吸平衡效应的影响

doi: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.210312

周龙^{1, 2,},
苏丽珍¹,
王思睿¹,
王瑞雪¹,
普正仙²,
郑毅¹,
汤利^1, ,

1.
云南农业大学　昆明　650201
2.
云南云天化股份有限公司　昆明　650228

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31760615)、国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200207)和云南省科技人才与平台计划(2019IC026)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
周龙, 主要从事施肥与作物养分吸收利用研究。E-mail: 287834727@qq.com

通讯作者:
汤利, 主要研究方向为养分资源高效利用。E-mail: ltang@ynau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S312
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-24
- 录用日期: 2021-07-01
- 网络出版日期: 2021-07-29
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-10

Effect of intercropping on balancing effect of absorption and desorption characteristics of phosphorus in red soil

ZHOU Long^{1, 2
,},
SU Lizhen¹,
WANG Sirui¹,
WANG Ruixue¹,
PU Zhengxian²,
ZHENG Yi¹,
TANG Li^{1
, ,}

1.
Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
2.
Yunnan Yuntianhua Co., Ltd., Kunming 650228, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760615), the National Key Research & Development Program of China (2017YFD0200207), and the Scientific and Technological Talents and Platform of Yunnan Province (2019IC026)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: ltang@ynau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 磷素的吸附和解吸特性对土壤磷素迁移及其环境效应具有重要影响, 过量磷肥施入易造成土壤磷素固定和流失, 但合理间作可促进磷素吸收利用, 减少固定, 研究间作和不同施磷量条件下红壤磷素吸附解吸特性的平衡效应对促进红壤磷的高效利用, 兼顾环境效应具有重要意义。本研究采取2因素裂区区组试验, 主因素为种植模式, 分别为与玉米||大豆(IM)、单作玉米(MM); 副因素为施磷水平, 分别为P0 [0 kg(P₂O₅)∙hm⁻²]、P60 [60 kg(P₂O₅)∙hm⁻²]、P90 [90 kg(P₂O₅)∙hm⁻²]、P120 [120 kg(P₂O₅)∙hm⁻²] 4个施磷水平, 通过田间试验, 研究间作和施磷量对红壤磷素吸附解吸平衡效应的影响; 应用结构方程模型(SEM)和邻接树法(ABT)定量分析间作和施磷水平对磷吸附和解吸的相对贡献, 揭示间作影响红壤磷素吸附解吸的关键因子。结果表明: 1) Langmuir 等温吸附方程最适合红壤对磷的吸附特征拟合, 土壤磷吸附量随平衡溶液磷浓度的增加呈先增加再趋于饱和的趋势, 土壤磷吸附量随施磷量的增加逐渐降低。2)种植模式和施磷水平以及交互作用极显著(P<0.01)影响红壤磷素的吸附量和解吸量。间作处理较单作磷素吸附量和解吸量分别增加22.9%和9.2%(P<0.05); 不同施磷水平下, 间作磷吸附量较单作显著增加13.0%、19.4%、41.5%和23.9% (P<0.05); 磷解吸量在P0和P60处理间作较单作显著增加90.2%和194.4% (P<0.05), 而在P90和P120处理间作较单作减少52.1%和34.1% (P<0.05)。3)不同种植模式与施磷水平下, 土壤磷吸附量与土壤pH、有机质、树脂磷、有效磷、全磷以及磷吸附饱和度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01), 与游离氧化铁、游离氧化铝和磷吸持指数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01), 土壤磷解吸量与标准需磷量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。红壤磷素的吸附和解吸主要受pH、有机质和游离氧化铁的影响, 间作通过改变土壤的pH、有机质和游离氧化铁含量影响红壤磷吸附量和解吸量。玉米||大豆间作具有较好的土壤磷缓冲能力, 低磷水平下促进磷素大量解吸供植物吸收利用, 高磷水平下促进磷素吸附有效减缓磷素的损失。
- 磷 /
- 吸附 /
- 解吸 /
- 玉米||大豆间作 /
- 施磷量 /
- 红壤
Abstract: The migration and environment effect of phosphorus in soil are affected by its’ adsorption and desorption. Although the excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer causes phosphorus fixation and loss, reasonable intercropping promotes the absorption and utilization and decreases fixation of phosphorus. This study investigated the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in red soil under intercropping and phosphorus application, it is signicant for promoting the efficient utilization of red soil phosphorus and balancing environmental effects. In this study, a two-factor split-plot block experiment was adopted through field trials, in which the first factor was the planting pattern, namely maize||soybean intercropping and maize monoculture; the second factor was phosphorus application levels: P0 (0), P60 [60 kg (P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], P90 [90 kg (P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], and P120 [120 kg (P₂O₅)·hm⁻²]. This study aimed to explore the effects of intercropping and application of phosphorus on the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in red soil, and to quantitatively analyze the relative contribution of intercropping and phosphorus application to phosphorus adsorption and desorption by using the structural equation model, and to reveal the key intercropping effect factors on the adsorption/desorption of phosphorus in red soil by using the aggregated boosted tree methods. Results showed that: 1) the Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation was most suitable for fitting phosphorus adsorption in red soil. The adsorption amount of soil phosphorus increased first and then tended toward saturation with the increase in phosphorus concentration in the equilibrium solution, while the adsorption amount of phosphorus decreased gradually with the increase in phosphorus application. 2) Phosphorus adsorption and desorption in red soil were significantly affected by planting pattern, phosphorus application, and the interaction between planting pattern and application of phosphorus (P<0.01). Compared with monoculture, the maize||soybean intercropping increased the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus by 22.9% and 9.2%, respectively (P<0.05). Under four application rates of phosphorus, compared with monoculture, the adsorption of phosphorus in intercropping increased significantly by 13.0%, 19.4%, 41.5%, and 23.9% (P<0.05), respectively. The desorption of phosphorus increased significantly by 90.2% and 194.4% in P0 and P60 intercropping (P<0.05), but decreased by 52.1% and 34.1% in P90 and P120 intercropping, respectively (P<0.05). 3) Under different planting patterns and phosphorus application levels, the adsorption of soil phosphorus had a significant negative correlation with soil pH, organic matter, resin phosphorus, available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and degree of phosphorus saturation (P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation with free iron oxide, free alumina, and phosphate sorption index (P<0.01). However, the desorption of phosphorus from red soil had a significant negative correlation with a standard phosphorus requirement (P<0.01). The adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in the red soil were mainly affected by pH, organic matter, and free iron oxide. Intercropping of maize and soybean changed soil pH and contents of organic matter and free iron oxide, resulting in differences in the phosphorus adsorption and desorption from that of maize monoculture in red soil, improving the soil phosphorus buffering capacity. At a low phosphorus level, intercropping can accelerate a large amount of phosphorus desorption for plants to absorb and utilize; at high phosphorus levels, intercropping can promote phosphorus adsorption and effectively slow down the loss of phosphorus.
- Phosphorus /
- Adsorption /
- Desorption /
- Intercropping of maize and soybean /
- Phosphorus application level /
- Red soil

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图 1 玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)田间设计示意图

Figure 1. Field design diagrams of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems

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图 2 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷等温吸附曲线

P0为不施磷, P60为低施磷量[60 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], P90为常规施磷肥[90 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], P120为高施磷量[120 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²]。

Figure 2. Adsorption isotherms of phosphorus in soil of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

P0 is no phosphorus fertilizer, P60 is low-level phosphorus fertilizer [60 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], P90 is conventional phosphorus fertilizer [90 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²], P120 is high-level phosphorus fertilizer [120 kg(P₂O₅)·hm⁻²].

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图 3 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷等温解吸曲线

P0、P60、P90、P120说明见图2的图注。

Figure 3. Isothermal desorption curves of phosphorus in soil of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

Description of P0, P60, P90, P120 are shown in the note of Figure 2.

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图 4 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷解吸率变化特征

P0、P60、P90、P120说明见图2的图注。

Figure 4. Characteristics of desorption rates of soil phosphorus of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

Description of P0, P60, P90, P120 are shown in the note of Figure 2.

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图 5 结构模型方程分析不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作和玉米单作土壤性质与磷吸附和解吸附的因果关系

细实线、粗实线和虚线箭头表示显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)和不显著(P>0.05)路径, χ² =57.70, Df.=17, P<0.01。The thin lines, thick lines, and dotted arrows indicate significant (P<0.05), very significant (P<0.01), and no significant (P>0.05) path. χ² =57.70, Df.=17, P<0.01.

Figure 5. Structural equation model analysis of causal relationships among soil properties and phosphorus (P) adsorption, desorption of maize-soybean intercropping and maize monoculture systems under different phosphorus levels

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图 6 基于邻接树法分析玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)土壤因子对磷吸附(Absorption)和解吸(Desorption)的相对作用

OM为有机质, Fe₂O₃为游离氧化铁, Resin-P为树脂磷, TP为全磷, Ava-P为速效磷, Al₂O₃为游离氧化铝。OM is organic matter, Fe₂O₃ is free Fe₂O₃, Resin-P is resin phosphorus, TP is total phosphorus, Ava-P is available phosphorus, Al₂O₃ is free Al₂O₃.

Figure 6. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis for relative importance of soil chemical properties for phosphorus absorption and desorption of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems

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表 1 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷等温吸附方程

Table 1. Equations of adsorption isotherms of phosphorus (P) in soil of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

处理 Treatment		Langmuir 方程 Langmuir equation		Freundlich 方程 Freundlich equation		Temkin 方程 Temkin equation
处理 Treatment		C/Q=C/Q_m+1/K₁×Q_m	R²	Q=K₂×C^1/ⁿ	R²	Q=a+K₃lnC	R²
P0	IM	C/Q=0.001 30C+0.025 29	0.990^**	Q=233.560C^0.239	0.932^*	Q=227.585+92.4259lnC	0.948^*
P0	MM	C/Q=0.001 60C+0.004 295	0.990^**	Q=73.682C^0.511	0.993^**	Q=−58.744+151.8457lnC	0.971^**
P60	IM	C/Q=0.001 60C+0.022 52	0.940^*	Q=146.870C^0.299	0.981^**	Q=132.150+85.2624lnC	0.966^**
P60	MM	C/Q=0.001 85C+0.010 81	0.980^**	Q=54.640C^0.511	0.945^*	Q=−102.068+130.4687lnC	0.935^*
P90	IM	C/Q=0.001 66C+0.023 42	0.990^**	Q=91.126C^0.413	0.963^**	Q=4.501+116.5802lnC	0.988^**
P90	MM	C/Q=0.001 70C+0.022 94	0.990^**	Q=31.421C^0.600	0.986^**	Q=−48.210+97.3087lnC	0.883^*
P120	IM	C/Q=0.001 73C+0.053 17	0.990^**	Q=81.520C^0.421	0.952^**	Q=−33.856+119.6437lnC	0.970^**
P120	MM	C/Q=0.001 67C+0.029 91	0.960^**	Q=48.804C^0.497	0.962^**	Q=−114.631+120.6803lnC	0.991^**
P0、P60、P90、P120说明见图2的图注。C为平衡溶液磷浓度, Q为土壤对磷吸附量, Q_m为磷最大吸附量, K₁为吸附亲和力常数, K₂、K₃为吸附容量指标, 1/n、a为吸附强度系数。Description of P0, P60, P90, P120 are shown in the note of Figure 2. C is phosphorus content at equilibrium solution; Q is phosphorus adsorbed capacity; Q_m is phosphorus maximum adsorbed capacity; K₁ is adsorption affinity constant; K₂ and K₃ are adsorption capacity indexes; “1/n” and “a” are adsorption strength coefficients.

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表 2 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷吸附量及等温吸附参数

Table 2. Soil phosphorus (P) absorption and its isothermal adsorption parameters of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

处理 Treatment		吸附量 Absorption (mg∙kg⁻¹)	最大吸附量 Maximal adsorption (mg∙kg⁻¹)	吸附亲和力常数 Adsorption affinity constant	最大缓冲容量 Maximum buffer capacity (mg∙kg⁻¹)	标准需磷量 Standard P requirement (mg∙kg⁻¹)	磷吸持指数 P sorption index	吸附饱和度 Degree of P saturation (%)
P0	IM	387.68a	768.04a	0.051bc	39.55c	7.75c	18.48ab	0.379f
P0	MM	342.98b	626.47b	0.172a	132.85a	43.38a	19.73a	0.455f
P60	IM	334.75bc	625.15b	0.071b	44.41c	8.75c	15.25bc	1.528d
P60	MM	280.34d	541.67e	0.171a	92.50b	17.91b	13.89cd	1.285e
P90	IM	309.90c	601.15bc	0.071b	42.70c	8.42c	14.69c	1.652cd
P90	MM	219.06f	588.42bc	0.074b	43.60c	8.58c	11.09e	1.720c
P120	IM	310.97c	579.09d	0.032c	18.81d	3.68d	15.46bc	2.229a
P120	MM	250.96e	598.97bc	0.056bc	33.43c	6.63cd	12.28de	1.997b
种植模式 Planting pattern (Pp)		**	**	**	**	**	**	*
施磷量 P level (P)		**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Pp×P		ns	**	**	**	**	ns	**
P0、P60、P90、P120说明见图2的图注。同列数值后不同字母表示处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平; 和分别表示达P<0.05和P<0.01显著水平, ns表示未达显著水平。Description of P0, P60, P90, P120 are shown in the note of Figure 2. Data followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different at P<0.05 level. and ** denote significant difference at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; ns denotes not significant.

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表 3 不同施磷水平下玉米||大豆间作(IM)和玉米单作(MM)的土壤磷解吸量及滞后系数

Table 3. Desorption and desorption hysteresis coefficients of phosphorus in soil of maize-soybean intercropping (IM) and maize monoculture (MM) systems under different phosphorus levels

处理 Treatment		解吸量 Desorption (mg·kg⁻¹)	解吸率 Desorption rate (%)	滞后系数 Hysteresis coefficient
P0	IM	45.11bc	11.68c	0.88b
P0	MM	23.71d	6.95d	0.93a
P60	IM	58.72a	17.55b	0.82c
P60	MM	19.94d	7.07d	0.93a
P90	IM	24.43d	7.86d	0.92a
P90	MM	51.04ab	23.45a	0.77d
P120	IM	37.82c	12.19c	0.88b
P120	MM	57.41a	22.89a	0.77d
种植模式 Planting pattern (Pp)		ns	**	**
施磷量 Phosphorus level (P)		**	**	**
Pp×P		**	**	**
P0、P60、P90、P120说明见图2的图注。同列数值后不同字母表示处理间差异达P<0.05显著水平; 和分别表示达P<0.05和P<0.01显著水平, ns表示未达显著水平。Description of P0, P60, P90, P120 are shown in the note of Figure 2. Data followed by different letters in the same column are significantly different at P<0.05 level. and ** denote significant differences at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels, respectively; ns denotes not significant.

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表 4 玉米||大豆间作和玉米单作红壤性质与磷吸附解吸特征参数的相关性

Table 4. Relationship between red soil properties and phosphorus (P) sorption-desorption parameters of maize-soybean intercropping and maize monoculture systems

指标 Index	pH	有机质 Organic matter	游离氧化铁 Free Fe₂O₃	游离氧化铝 Free Al₂O₃	树脂磷 Resin-Pi	有效磷 Olsen-P	全磷 Total P	标准需磷量 Standard P requirement	磷吸持指数 P sorption index	吸附饱和度 Degree of P saturation
吸附量 Absorption	−0.645^**	−0.609^**	0.678^**	0.692^**	−0.886^**	−0.612^**	−0.735^**	0.212	0.931^**	−0.645^**
解吸量 Desorption	0.232	0.278	−0.121	−0.200	0.189	0.372	0.394	−0.518^**	−0.276	0.302
*表示极显著相关(P<0.01); 表示显著相关(P<0.05)。** represents significant correlation at P<0.01 level; * represents significant correlation at P<0.05 level.

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