Review of research development associated with the application of saline water irrigation to vegetables
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摘要: 我国淡水资源严重短缺且分布不均, 开发利用储量丰富的咸水资源对于保障水安全战略具有重要的意义。我国蔬菜种植面积和产量居世界首位, 蔬菜既是产量较高也是耗水量较大的经济作物。如何安全利用咸水资源, 拓宽蔬菜灌溉用水供应来源, 保证蔬菜生产是淡水短缺地区面临的主要问题, 也是当今咸水利用方面的研究重点和难点。因此, 本文从咸水资源利用潜力、咸水灌溉应用状况、咸水灌溉对蔬菜生长、产量和品质的影响等方面对咸水灌溉在蔬菜种植中的高效利用机理、技术及未来发展趋势进行了综述。利用2.4~11.83 dS∙m−1的咸水灌溉虽使蔬菜产量降低6.21%~63.05%, 但蔬菜品质提高6.25%~74.07%, 采用适宜的咸水灌溉调控技术, 优化灌溉策略可提高咸水灌溉的利用效率, 在未来微咸水利用和扩大蔬菜种植面积中可发挥重要作用。Abstract: Freshwater resources are scarce and unevenly distributed in China. The exploitation of saline water resources is of great significance to the success of water security strategies. Currently, there are researches focusing on overcoming the difficulties associated with saline-water utilization. The sowing area and yield of vegetables are the highest in the world, but vegetables are economic crops with relatively large water consumptions. The main problem faced by freshwater shortage regions is how to safely use saline water resources, broaden the supply source of vegetable irrigation water, and ensure vegetable production. Therefore, this paper reviews the mechanisms and technologies associated with the application and future development of saline water irrigation in vegetable planting from the aspects of the utilization potential of saline water resources; application status of saline water irrigation; and effects of saline water irrigation on vegetable growth, yield, and quality to provide water resources that guarantee the high-quality green development of agriculture. The results showed that using 2.4−11.83 dS∙m−1 saline water irrigation reduced vegetable yields by 6.21%−63.05% but improved vegetable quality by 6.25%−74.07%. Using suitable saline water irrigation regulation technologies and optimizing irrigation strategies can improve the utilization efficiency of saline water irrigation and play an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture in the future.
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Key words:
- Saline water irrigation /
- Salt tolerance /
- Vegetable quality /
- Irrigation strategy /
- Ecological effect
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表 1 蔬菜作物耐盐度
Table 1. Salt tolerance of vegetables
作 物1)
Crop1)电导率上限2)
Electrical conductivity up limit2) (dS·m−1)b3)
(%/dS·m−1)耐盐等级4)
Rating4)小型蔬菜 Small vegetables 青花椰菜 Broccoli 2.8 9.2 MS 布鲁塞尔芽菜 Brussels sprouts 1.8 9.7 MS 甘蓝 Cabbage 1.0~1.8 9.8~14.0 MS 花椰菜 Cauliflower 1.8 6.2 MS 芹菜 Celery 1.8~2.5 6.2~13.0 MS 卷心菜 Lettuce 1.3~1.7 12.0 MS 洋葱 Onion 1.2 16.0 S 菠菜 Spinach 2.0~3.2 7.7~16.0 MS 萝卜 Radishes 1.2~2.0 7.6~13.0 MS 茄科蔬菜 Solanaceae vegetables 茄子 Egg plant — — MS 胡椒 Peppers 1.5~1.7 12.0~14.0 MS 番茄 Tomato 0.9~2.5 9.0 MS 葫芦科蔬菜 Cucurbitaceae vegetables 黄瓜 Cucumber 1.1~2.5 7.0~13.0 MS 南瓜、冬瓜 Pumplkin, winter squash 1.2 13.0 MS 西葫芦 Zucchini 4.7 10.0 MT 笋瓜(小胡瓜) Squash (scallop) 3.2 16.0 MS 西瓜 Watermalon — — MS 根茎和块茎 Roots and tubers 甜菜 Beets 4.0 9.0 MT 欧洲萝卜 Parsnip — — S 马铃薯 Potato 1.7 12.0 MS 甘薯(红薯) Sweet potato 1.5~2.5 10.0 MS 芜菁 Turnip 0.9 9.0 MS 胡萝卜 Suger beet 7.0 5.9 T 豆科植物 Leguminosae crops 豆角(鲜) Beans 1.0 19.0 S 蚕豆 Broadbean 1.5~1.6 9.6 MS 黎豆 Cowpea 4.9 12.0 MT 花生 Peanut 3.2 29.0 MS 豌豆 Peas 1.5 14.0 S 黄豆 Soybeans 5.0 20.0 MT 1)表中数据仅是一种指南, 因为耐盐度随气候、土壤条件和耕作方法而变化, 作物经常在发芽期和结籽期耐盐度较低; 2)电导率上限指产量开始降低时根系层盐分的平均值; 3) b 是指电导率超过电导率上限后每增加一个单位电导度作物产量减少的百分数; 4)耐盐等级分为耐盐(T)、中等耐盐(MT)、中度敏感(MS)和敏感(S)。1) The data serve only as a guideline: Tolerance varies depending upon climate, soil conditions and cultural practices. Crops are often less tolerant during germination and seedling stage. 2) Electrical conductivity up limit is the average root zone salinity at which yield starts to decline. 3) b is the reducting percentage in crop yield per 1 dS·m−1 increase when electrical conductivity beyond its’ up limit. 4) Ratings is salt tolerant rank, which is divided into four grades: tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), moderately sensitive (MS) and sensitive (S). 
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