1995 Vol. 3, No. 3

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1995, 3(3): 1-3.
Abstract(922) PDF(987)
Abstract:
Ecoagriculture With Rural Reform and Development in China
Tao Zhan
1995, 3(3): 4-8.
Abstract(989) PDF(848)
Abstract:
The important role of Chinese eco-agriculture played in the current rural reforms in China was analysed in this paper along with its scientific characters,practice results and the real needs of rural development to the chinese eco-agricultural development in rural regions were discussed.
A Study on Planning Methodology for Eco-agriculture Construction at County Level
Zhang Renwu, Ji Wenying, Hu Mei, Zhang Tong
1995, 3(3): 9-13.
Abstract(1151) PDF(1076)
Abstract:
Counties,the fundamental unit for agricultural activities in China,possess a relative independence in both executive functions and economic functions.So purposes of eco-agricultural construction can be reached more rapidly in a county.Therefore eco-agricultural construction programming at county level is very important for sustaninable agricultural development and environmental protection.The paper presents the planning methodology and problems for attention for this work.
Policy Proposals Concerning Sustainable Development of Chinese Agricultural Eco-economic System
An Xiaoning
1995, 3(3): 14-16.
Abstract(918) PDF(891)
Abstract:
To make it an important agricultural macro-regulating means,Chinese agricultural economic policy should be readjusted and perfected. The policy system includes input policy to increase agricultural comprehensive porduction capability,economic policy to support agricultural ecological project construction, technical policy to enhance agricultural eco-economic efficiency and environmental policy to maintain agricultural ecological equilibrium.
Effects of Application of Pig Manure on Growth and Yield of Rice(Oryza Sativa L.)Grown on Arsenic-toic Paddy Soil
Chen Tongbin
1995, 3(3): 17-20.
Abstract(974) PDF(836)
Abstract:
Field expreiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pig manure on tiller numbers,plant height and grain yield of rice (Oryza Sativa L.)grown on arsenic-toxic soil in Southern Hunan Province. It was found that the application of pig manure reduced the total tiller numbers,productive tiller numbers,plant height and grain yield of the rice significantly because the manure increased the phytotoxicity of soil arsenic to the plant.Therefore pig manure was unsuitable to be applied to rice grown on arsenic-toxic soils.
A preliminary Study on Vegetable Growing Techniques is Desert Hinterland Under Saline Irrigation Condition
Chen Guoxong, Zhang Zhiqian, Wu Zurong, Yang Haijun, Peng Xiaoyu
1995, 3(3): 21-25.
Abstract(1320) PDF(959)
Abstract:
To grow vegetables in the hinterland of desert by saline irrigation,firstly a sand shifting control system was constructed.Based on this adaptive faculty of 20varieties of vegetables to this region were studied for selecting the suitable breed. From the results,9 varieties from the 20 such as custard squash,water melon,eggplant and etc. have the highest adaptibility to this region and suggestions were given for their extension.The studies also presented the key technicals forgrowing vegetables by saline irrigation in this region:growing seed for transplantation,intensive management during darlier stages,large quantity well-rotted farmyard manure as base fertilizer,regular top dressing but smaller amount every time,combination sprinkling irrigation with surface flooding for salt leaching,carefully adjust the vegetables to coordinate the nutritive and productive growth.
The Ecological Approach to Control Cottrol Cotton Bollworm--Virus Biocontrol
Zhang Guangyu, Sun Xiulian
1995, 3(3): 26-29.
Abstract(1199) PDF(985)
Abstract:
Cotton bollworm,Heliothis armigera,is the most serious pest in China.It is very difficult to use only chemical pesticides to control of the pest due to its high resistance gradually developed to the chemicals.Therefore it is very important to conduct ecological-pest control researches.Heliothis unclear polyhedrosis virus pesticide(HaNPV) is the first commercal viral pesticide produced in China.The review describes the characteristics of the HaNPV,stability of NPV in environment,virus viocontrol and its efficiency.
The Effects of Soil and Water Accumulation Engineering on the Improvement of Soil Water Content and Growth of Economic Forest
Zhang Wanjun
1995, 3(3): 30-33.
Abstract(1262) PDF(852)
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of water shortage in the arid and semiarid region in Northern China water and soil accumulation engineering was carried out.Results showed that the soil water holding capacity was increased from 84.89mm to 243.23mm,soil moisture was 3.1 times higher averagely,and soil particulars with diameter less than 0.1mm was increased by 68.52% compared with the control.The serious problem which hold down the survival percentage of afforestation on the dry sun slopes in Taihang hilly region was generally solyed.The annual fruit output of pomegranate planted by this engineering was 80.4kg/mu with annual economic benefit at 482.4 yuan/mu.
The Determination and Application of Standard Value for Comprehensive Assessment of Ecological Agriculture in Shandong Province
Qi Xinshan
1995, 3(3): 34-40.
Abstract(774) PDF(847)
Abstract:
An index system and its standard value for comprehensive assessment of the eco-agriculture in Shandong Province were determined in this paper.With integrated evaluation of four different types of eco-agricultural sites in this province,ways for application of the standard values to four evaluation methods were studied,and the important function of standard values for eco-agricultural assessment was proved.
The Effects of Ecological Engineering on Water Conservation in the Low Gneiss Mountainous Areas of Taihang
Li Baoguo, Zhang Jinzhu, Zhang Lijuan, Luan Jingren, Wang Jinfeng
1995, 3(3): 41-46.
Abstract(1044) PDF(842)
Abstract:
Studies on soil hydraulic characters showed that soil waterholding capacity is very low in the low gneiss mountainous region of Taihang.About one fourth of a year soil water content is below wilt point,and during the growing period of forestry nearly half to one third of the time water is in shortage and irrgation must be applied to the forestry.By application of the ecological engineering to this region,soil water holding capacity was increased by 2.1 time. And plus plastic film cover and straw mulching for reducing soil evaporation the water content of upper layer of the soil was increased significantly.
On effective ways for developing fodder grasses in red and yellow earth areas in the southern part of China
Li Keyun, Luo Ailan
1995, 3(3): 47-51.
Abstract(889) PDF(804)
Abstract:
Based on analysis of the features of nature,social economy,resources and environment in the red and yellow soil region in southern China, ways for developing and utilization of the forage in this region were discussed in this paper,which include:combination of cultivation of forage with foresty,and grass growing with maintainence to prevent soil and water loss and to protect and improve the eco-environment of the hilly areas of this region,by utilization of the fallow paddy field during winter to plant grasses as crop-grass rotation system for solving forage and fertilizer shortage problems,based on the abundant fresh water resource and large area of water surface in this region to combine grass growing with fish raising to promote the fishery deveolpment,and by developing artificial dry fodder techniques to balance the off-season and in-season forage supply.
Effects of Straw Mulching on Soil Fertility under Minimum Tillage System in Rainfed Cotton Field
Li Chunbo, Fan Bingquan, Meng Chunxiang, Tang Yuxia
1995, 3(3): 52-55.
Abstract(1931) PDF(1378)
Abstract:
Experimental results from 1988 to 1990 in Heilonggang area in Hebei Province showed that in rainfed cotton field straw mulching could adjust soil temperature,reduce soil evaporation and inhibit weeds.It also had effects on promoting soil bioactivities and increasing soil fertility.Cotton yield was significantly increased with the increase of the amount of straw used.In the experiment the highest cotton yield was achieved at rate of 450kg/mu straw mulching.The time of straw mulching had also affected the cotton yield.The best season for straw mulching was at the bud stage from the results.
A Study on Sustainable Agricultural Development and Ecosystems in the Water-deficient Salinized Region in Huang-Huai-hai Plain
Tian Kuixiang, Wang Rong, Lei Yuping, Cao Bonan
1995, 3(3): 56-61.
Abstract(909) PDF(892)
Abstract:
A continuous 12 years experiment has been carried out in the experimental area in the water-deficient slinized region in Huang-Huai-hai Plain to study ways for sustainable agricultural development in this region in accordance with its natural and economic situations.Multiple ceological and economic structures of farming,forestry,fruit tree growing and forage grass planting had been developed,and a set way of techniques in soil and water resource management,mechanized cultivation of crops and growing trees, developing animal husbandary in farming areas had also formed which increased the capability of the agricultural ecosystem in prevention natural disasters and producticity of the low producing land.Thus the living standard of farmers in this region were significantly improved.
Space-time Relations of Water and Nutrients in Wheat Field and Ways for Their Management
Jia Shulong, Meng Chunxiang, Tang Yuxia, Liu Chuntian
1995, 3(3): 62-66.
Abstract(1008) PDF(969)
Abstract:
Studies on the relations of water and nutrients showed that water consumption and nutrient absorption by winter wheat were not simultaneously.During elongation to earring,wheat is highly sensitive to water conditions,then water suply during this period will greatly affect the yield and nutrient effciency.During the growth period of turning green to elongation wheat is leastly sensitive to water suply.Irrigation directly affects the depth of N in fertilizer leached,furtherly affects the fertilizer efficiency and quantity lost. Therefore control of irrigation norm is an effective way in reducing fertilizer losing and irrigation water wasting,and increasing the efficiency of fertilizer.Based on water-nutrient relation,ways for management of irrigation and fertilizer in which winter irrigation as the main technique had been developed with good results in the initial practice.
A Preliminary Analysis of Cereal Crop Introducing Selection and Their Anti-adversity Performances
Zhao Liancheng, Sun Jialing, Liu Mengyu, Kazuyoshi Takeda
1995, 3(3): 67-70.
Abstract(1061) PDF(906)
Abstract:
10252 cereal varieties in the world were introduced form Japsn and planted on the saline-alkali soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1992 to 1994.Based on thoroughly investigation,analysis and examination,initially varieties which gave high yield and fine quality,and also were adaptable to this region were selected for production and breeding.
Crop Cultivation and the Changing of Soil Salt Contents
Lei Yuping, Tian Kuixiang, Sun Jingyu, Sunao Yamazaki, Toshiaki Tadano
1995, 3(3): 71-74.
Abstract(1346) PDF(956)
Abstract:
Location tests on soil salt movement was carried out by using isolated pool with undisturbed soil.Results showed that during crop cultivation period the mildly salinized or desalted Chao soil with salt content of 0.11-0.28% went on desalination at rate about 0.0125% per year.During the winter wheat season soil salt moved upward and accumulated on top layer of soil,during summer maize season the soil salt moved downwards to deeper layer of soil.Salt movement can be taken as thetransfer of salt ions among soil layers,and the intensity of movement for different salt ion is difference with that of CL- and Na+ being more than SO4-2 and Ca+2,while CO3-2 rarely moves.
A Research on Combination of Farm Machinery with Agronomical Techniques for Water-saving,High Yield and High Efficiency Cultivation of Cotton
Zhao Sishen, Wang Zunmin, Wang Xinyuan, Wang Zhansheng
1995, 3(3): 75-77.
Abstract(904) PDF(841)
Abstract:
In light of the water and soil environments in the water deficient salinized region,a agronomical process of mechanization for cultivation of cotton in combination of farm mechinery with agronomical techniques was designed based on agricultural technical economic and ecoagricultural theories.Purposes of this process is to grow cotton with high yield,high efficiency,low cost as well as water-saving.Thus advanced minitype farm machines made at home was selected for forming the complete set with the agronomical techniques,with which high labor efficiency and short rush period of busy farming season were achieved.
The Water-shortage Status and Corresponding Strategy in Cangzhou District
Guo Yongchen, Ding Naiwei
1995, 3(3): 78-80.
Abstract(869) PDF(809)
Abstract:
The contradiction of water supply and water demand in Cangzhou district is a very serious problem which has become the main limiting factor to the development of industry and agriculture in this region.In this paper the author presented the following countermeasures for relaxing the water deficient problem which include:exploiting and utilization of the shallow slightly salt groundwater resource,increasing precipitation infiltration,groundwater rechaging by using water from outside the region,jointly control of underground water and surface water,fully utilization of the local resources and rationally drawing water from outside the region.

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