1999 Vol. 7, No. 1

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1999, 7(1): 1-8.
Abstract(642) PDF(553)
Abstract:
1999, 7(1): 9-13.
Abstract(836) PDF(914)
Abstract:
Several theoretical problems in sustainable agriculture
Cheng Xu
1999, 7(1): 14-18.
Abstract(876) PDF(834)
Abstract:
The emergence of sustainable agriculture thinking,the similarity and difference on exerting sustainable agriculture between China and developed countries,as well as the framework and five elements of sustainable agriculture are analysed. It is proposed that taking the chinese ecological agriculture(CEA) as an ideal approach of implementing sustainable agriculture in China,and the sustainable intensive agriculture(SIA) should be the due way for China.As the guidelines for sustainable agriculture,the agroecology has to be closely linked with traditional agronomy,so as to search for the model of agricultural modernization that is in accordance with China's real characters.
Review of research fields and research methods of agroecology in recent years
Luo Shi-ming
1999, 7(1): 19-22.
Abstract(1117) PDF(935)
Abstract:
In recent years,active research fields of agroecology included agroecosystem models,sustainable agriculture,ecological agriculture,agricultural diversity,agriculture and global changes,ecological adaptation of crops and weeds,genetic ecology and chemical ecology of crops and weeds,green food production,waste treatment of animal industry,integraded pest management.Methods of systems anslysis are widely used.Artificial intelligent method,artificial nervous systems method and gene algorihm method are introduced to agroecological research and the experimental method of middle type has abstracted a lot of attention.The research of ecology is changing from the description of ecosystems to the understanding of the self-organization mechanism,from the passively forecasting ecological crises to the actively controlling the change.Agroecology will become a more important fields of ecology in the future.
Road of sustainable agriculture development and model of resource use in different countries
Liu Shu-kai
1999, 7(1): 23-27.
Abstract(1149) PDF(1167)
Abstract:
Conception,definition and intension of the sustainable agriculture are expounded.Models of the sustainable agriculture development in different countries and Taiwan Province of China are compared and the models of agricultural sustainable development and resource use in China are also discussed.It is pointed out that chinese SARD already shows the direction of agricultural modernization and the road of sustainable development of rural economics in China.
Sustainable use of farmland resources in China
Chen Li-gen
1999, 7(1): 28-31.
Abstract(959) PDF(906)
Abstract:
The features of form continuity,production continuity,economic continuity and ecological continuity of sustainable farmland resources use are analysed.On the basis of the problems of farmland use in China,the countermeasures of sustainable farmland resources use are put forward
Evaluating the soil degradation in Zigui County of the Three-Gorge reservoir area
Zhang Jia-en, Xu Qi
1999, 7(1): 32-35.
Abstract(863) PDF(958)
Abstract:
Indexes and standards for evaluating soil degradation were set up，and the degree,type and spatial change of soil degradation were evaluated in Zigui County.The results show that the purple soil,limestone soil,yellow brown earth and yellow earth are degraded heavily.The degradation of forest and wasteland soil is heavier than that of farmland.The dryland is degraded more greatly than that of paddy soil.In the region,soil degradation mainly trends to form lamellar structure,skeleton,dryland and to decrease nutrient which is short of K and P obviously.As the types and intensities in soil utilization are different,soil degradation is different in spatial.Generally,the soil nutrient degradation is heavier in villages and towns near Yangtze River valley than in mountainous villages far away from the valley.
Establishment of the harmonious mechanism of water and soil to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture
Peng Ting-bai, Huang Dao-you, Chen Hui-ping, Chen Yan-guo
1999, 7(1): 36-39.
Abstract(996) PDF(839)
Abstract:
The contradictions in water and soil resources and its impacts on agriculture in China are analysed，and the mechanisms of precipitation runoff,vegetation and waterenriching layers of soil in water detainment,and the functions of reservoirs in preserving and storing water also are dissected.The threshold value of water and soil loss,the mechanism of harmonizing the contradiction in water and soil,and the countermeasure of sustainable developmental agriculture are proposed.
Develop the environmental forestry and slow down the flood disaster
Kong Fan-wen, He Nai-hui
1999, 7(1): 40-42.
Abstract(936) PDF(880)
Abstract:
In addition to maintain total volume of forest resources increase and meet social demand for forest,more important goal of sustainable forest resources development is to establish environmental forestry with the aims of improving economic development and enhancing people's living quality.To this end,it is necessary to redefine forest environmental products,establish forest environmental resources industry. Hence,it is necessary to adopt more market economic instruments such as economic compensation,disaster insurance,and industry accounting,etc.to gradually solve equity and efficiency problem in forest resources management.
The response of the dryland crop development and growth to the coupling of the soil water and fertilizers
Mu Xing-min
1999, 7(1): 43-46.
Abstract(1086) PDF(811)
Abstract:
The soil water and the fertilizers are the basic materials of the crop development and growth and also the main physical elements which limit the world agriculture.A great number of researches on the response of the dryland crop to the coupling of the soil water and fertilizer has been worked out since 1990' in the northern drought region of China.On the base of those researches,the present paper shows that the extent of the effect of soil water and fertilizers on the dryland crop changes with the relative balance between the soil water and fertilizers' quantity.
Technical researches on sustainable development of dry land farming
Ji Zeng-shun
1999, 7(1): 47-49.
Abstract(967) PDF(971)
Abstract:
The techniques for sustainable increase of production of dry land corn and wheat were researched from 1989 to 1992 in ten counties and cities of Shanxi Province.Four sets of technical systems such as the non-tillage and whole-straw mulching of dry land corn and the reduced-tillage and straw mulching of dry land wheat were established. The practices proved that the non-tillage and whole-straw mulching technique of dry land corn increased grain yield by 32.0 percent(750～1500kg/hm2),decreased the cost of production by 600 yuan/hm2 and increased the income by 1500 yuan/hm2 than the conventional tillage system.WUE was increased by 1.95～7.5kg/hm2·mm and soil organic matter(0～20cm) by 0.13 percent,respectively. The surface runoff and soil erosion was decreased by 60 percent and by 50 percent,respectively.The density of soil becterium was also increased obviously.
Effects of local phosphate supply on the growth of wheat seedling
Sun Hai-guo, Lin Shan, Zhang Fu-suo
1999, 7(1): 50-53.
Abstract(953) PDF(867)
Abstract:
Effects of a local phosphate(0.1mmol/L) supply on the growth of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings from two genotypes-“81(85)5-3-3-3” and “NC37” are studied.The results show that plant could not grow normally when its 3 cm root zone only grew in complete nutrient solution(LHL).The dry weight of wheat was 54.0% and 49.6% of that of total root system supplied with full nutrient solution(HHH) respectively.The dry weight,shoot height,leaf area,length of root and root axis,and the number of lateral roots of wheat of which 3cm root zone was only in P-deficient solution(HLH) are evidently higher than that of HHH,and its phosphorus content was similar to HHH.It suggests that the growth and development of young wheat could be promoted by the stimulation of a local P-deficiency.This indicates that there is a synergism between phosphorus-deficiency signal and normal condition.It also receives phosphorus-deficiency signal and produces positive growth effect when phosphorus is sufficient in plant.The responses of different genotypes to a local phosphorus supply are different.
Effect of the irrigation systems of winter wheat on the soil storage water utilization
Li Jian-min, Wang Pu, Zhou Dian-xi, Lan Lin-wang
1999, 7(1): 54-57.
Abstract(1266) PDF(906)
Abstract:
At sowing date,there is 619.6mm soil storage water and 329.5mm available storage water in whole soil profile of 200cm. From sowing to jointing stages,the water consumed by wheat plants is main from 0～100cm soil layer,and there is no soil water deficit at jointing stage even in non-irrigated treatment (CK).From jointing to flowering stages,the consumed water came from whole soil profile of 200cm in CK,while the treatment irrigated at upstanding stage(I-1) from the 160cm layer and the others from 130cm layer. At the flowering stage,light soil water deficit appeared in 0～60 cm layer in CK and I-1. From flowering to ripening stages, the consumed water came from whole profile but the most of them from 0～130cm layer. And at ripening stage,serious soil water deficit appeared in the 0～80cm or 0～60cm soil layer of the non-,one or two-irrigated treatments but the three or four-irrigated ones. In a word, the more the water is irrigated,the less the soil storage water will be utilized.
The movement characteristics of three kinds of weed seeds in ploughed layer of corn field
Li Shan-lin, Ni Han-wen, Zhang Li
1999, 7(1): 58-61.
Abstract(1098) PDF(1018)
Abstract:
The movement characteristics of redroot amaranth(amaranthus retroflexus),common crabgrass(digitaria sanguinalis),barnyardgrass(echinochloa crusgalli) in ploughed layer of corn field are studied. The results show that weed seeds are mainly distributed in 0～20cm ploughed layer of corn field and most weed seeds are in 0～5cm soil layer. However,weed seeds are distributed in 0～5cm surface layer,and a few weed seeds in 5cm soil layer downwards founded. ploughing is one of driving force which made the weed seeds to move upwards and downwsrds in the ploughed layer. After ploughing,about 30 percent of the seed on soil surface is moved down to the bottom of the ploughed layer and about 10 percent of them on the bottom moved up to the surface.
Comprehensive evalution of ecological adaptability of rice varieties
Ding Cheng-wei, Liu Chao, Wang Jian-kang, Sun Ke-xin, Guo Rong-liang
1999, 7(1): 62-65.
Abstract(1010) PDF(887)
Abstract:
The ecological adaptability of twelve characteristics of five rice varieties of regional experiment in Jiangsu Province is evalucated by means of the relational analysis of grey system theory comprehensively. The results show that the relational analysis method of grey system theory is very effective. The results also show no difference with expression of the rice varieties. The relational grade of grey system of “9 you 138” is the most obvious,and it has good comprehensive characteristics,wide eccological adaptabitity，high and stable yield.
Bio-control effect of trichoderma SPP. and its application
Zhao Lei
1999, 7(1): 66-68.
Abstract(1639) PDF(1516)
Abstract:
The research advances,industrial production and application of trichoderma SPP.in bio-control field of plant diseases are expounded,and trend for further research are put forward.
Time dynamics of insect community in cotton field of Shanxi Province
Li Sheng-cai, Dong Wen-xia, ShangGuan Xiao-xia
1999, 7(1): 69-71.
Abstract(1084) PDF(886)
Abstract:
Hierarchical cluster was employed to analyse the time dynamics of insect community in cotton field of Shanxi,based on the richness,diversity index,total individual number,PIE,evenness. The result show that its time pattern could be divided into four stages.Considering the development condition of cotton plant,the integrated pest management(IPM) strategies on every period were also explored.
The demonstrative model of sustainable agriculture of MRL engineering
Liu Qing, Wu Guo-cheng
1999, 7(1): 72-74.
Abstract(1214) PDF(939)
Abstract:
Three eco-agricultural demonstrative models in poor mountain regions,red soil hill regions and lake regions of Jiangxi Province are expounded,and their characteristics and mechanism are briefly analyzed respectively.
The benefits analysis on aleurites fordii-crops agroforestry system in Nujiang River Valley Area,Yunnan Province
Shen Li-Xin, Zhao Zi-Fu, Bai Ru-Li, Dai Yi-Yuan
1999, 7(1): 75-76.
Abstract(1169) PDF(862)
Abstract:
Through experiments of aleurites fordii-crops agroforestry in Nujiang River Valley,the growth and yields of aleurites fordii-crops agroforestry systems are observed and results show that the agroforesty system of aleurites fordii-crops has less input but fast efficient in production and easy to operate as wess as better benefits.It should be popularized in mountain village.
The structure of ecoeconomic model and its function in homegardens of Dai nationality
Cai Chuan-tao, Zhang Zhi-ying
1999, 7(1): 77-78.
Abstract(840) PDF(869)
Abstract:
The structure and function of homegarden of Dai nationality in Xishuangbanna are studied through the rapid rural appraise(RRA),participate rural appraise(PRA) and input/output analization.Eight models of homegarden in Manting Village are put forward.Their structure,economic benefits and comparison with rice crop are analysed.The results show that the economic benefits of homegarden is 7.5 times more than that of rice.Homegarden model is an ecosystem with high benefits.
Overcome the limited factors and promote the development of ecological agriculture
Lu Bing-you, Wang Ru-song, Zhang Ren-wu
1999, 7(1): 79-81.
Abstract(1133) PDF(831)
Abstract:
The development of ecological agriculture has entered a key stage.On the one hand,there exist some problems in the system,on the other hand,there exists a big potential for its development.Everyone is looking at the future of it.This paper discusses the main limiting factors for the development of ecological agriculture. At last,several strategies are given which is expected to have some promoting rule on the healthy development of ecological agriculture.
Eco-agricultural construction and comprehensive assessment of the ecosystem of Dehui County
Zhang Ren-wu, Hu Mei, Wu Yu-xia, Liu Xue-ying, Wang Yu-gang
1999, 7(1): 82-85.
Abstract(1140) PDF(970)
Abstract:
The major engineering measures and optimal productive models for eco-agricultural construction in Dehui County of Jilin Province are introduced. On the basis of analysing economic,ecological and social benefits,the indices and methods of comprehensive assessment of ecoeconomic system in eco-agricultural construction of county-level are put forward.
Controlling fluorine pollution to ensure stable development of sericulture
Li Shui-quan
1999, 7(1): 86-88.
Abstract(951) PDF(923)
Abstract:
Through some measures such as building eco-agriculture,increasing scientific and technological investment, controlling pollution origin using disease-fluorine silkworm variety for summer-autumn use in spring raise and so on. Deqing County created a new situation of sericulture production. At the same time, a effective way for the high and stable cocoon production in the areas polluted by fluorine.

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