1999 Vol. 7, No. 2

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Resources and environment of ocean and its sustainable utilization in China
An Xiao-ning
1999, 7(2): 1-5.
Abstract(990) PDF(761)
Abstract:
Based on the analysis on ocean resources and environment and its developing situation in China, the important position of ocean resources and environment in sustainable development, especially, the strategic aims, principles, main tasks and measures for sustainable development of ocean are expounded.
On Clean Energy Programme in China
Zhu Guo-wei, Qu Fu-tian
1999, 7(2): 6-8.
Abstract(1289) PDF(814)
Abstract:
The important problem to realize the sustainable development is how to enhance the energy efficiency and the output in energy department. It discusses the gap of energy utilization between the developed countries and China.Combined with the energy investment strategy, something must be done to carry out the Clean Energy Programme in China.
Cost of soil erosion at household level
Zhu Pei-xin, Qu Fu-tian
1999, 7(2): 9-13.
Abstract(1230) PDF(757)
Abstract:
Farmer cost and opportunity cost of soil erosion at the household level are analysed. Then, changing law on cost of soil erosion under the condition of technological advance and increased fertilizer amount is researched. According to the analysis, the mechanism of the economic incentive of soil erosion to farmer's land utilization is found, which provides theoretical basis for making economical policy to induce farmer's soil conservation.
Basic research on sustainable utilization and integrated management of agricultural resources
Liu Shu-kai, Chen Li-gen
1999, 7(2): 14-17.
Abstract(1385) PDF(715)
Abstract:
The conception, values of resources and agricultural resources,as well as their important significance to social and economic development are expounded.According to harmonization development of human being and nature, basic theories and realizing ways on sustainable untilization and management of agricultural resources are investigated.
Main factors affecting soil-borne methane oxidation and measurements for reducing CH4 flux
Xu Xing-kai, Zhou Li-kai
1999, 7(2): 18-22.
Abstract(889) PDF(648)
Abstract:
Soil-borne methane(CH4) oxidation is affected by factors such as soil physic-chemical characters,temperature,fertilizer type and amount,crop varieties and their growth, kinds and concentration of heavy metals ions,and so on.These factors exert action through influencing CH4 oxidation bacteria, types, amount, activity and distribution models. The measurements for reducing CH4 flux are to apply organic manure and matter, control field moisture, apply mineral fertilizer and evolve rice varieties with high yield.
The mechanism behind genotypic differences for nitrogen use efficiency in crops
Tong Yi-ping, Li Ji-yun, Li Zhen-sheng
1999, 7(2): 23-27.
Abstract(1127) PDF(1018)
Abstract:
Genotype differences for nitrogen use efficiency have been found in cereal crops, including rice, wheat, and corn, et al. Genotype differences for nitrogen use efficiency result from the differences for uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency of nitrogen. Kinetic parameter of N uptake, root morphology, and functional period of the root system affect uptake efficiency,and utilization efficiency is a combined result of several physiological processes, including nitrogen assimilation, transference and photosynthesis.Analysis of the mechanism behind genotype differences for nitrogen use efficiency can increase nitrogen utilization efficiency, decrease the loss of nitrogen. Therefore,higher yields with less nitrogen fertilizer can be reached,thus resulting in a sustainable agriculture, reducing the input of the agricultural production, and protecting the eco-environment.
Effects of fertilization on water use efficiency of winter wheat in arid highland
Dang Ting-hui
1999, 7(2): 28-31.
Abstract(952) PDF(843)
Abstract:
The relations among water,fertilizer and yield of winter wheat are analyzed by the experiment data from Changwu arid highland,Shaanxi Province. The results show that the relations between water use efficiency or soil water use ratio and crop yield are close.Water use efficiency and soil water use ratio are affected by the method of fertilization, the type and amount of fertilizer. Paying attention to rational use of N,P2O5 is a good way to improve water use efficiency and soil water use ratio.In view of effect of N/P on soil water use, N is advantageous to increase water use efficiency,and P2O5 is good to improving soil water use ratio and increasing rate-used of deep soil water.
Study on the crop water use efficiency in black soil region of Northeastern China
Meng Kai, Zhang Xing-yi
1999, 7(2): 32-35.
Abstract(1024) PDF(1032)
Abstract:
Effects of plant-cultivated pattern,tillage and nutritional level on water use efficiency in black soil region of Northeastern China are researched.The results show that water use efficiency of optimized patterns on wheat-corn-soybean ecosystem is highest,that of zonal tillage is 1.42kg/hm2·mm, under natural precipitation,water use efficiency of high fertilizer region is highest under the suitable moisture,water use efficiency of high or middle fertilizer and organic manure region is approximate,and water use efficiency of middle fertilizer region is highest under sufficient water.
Effects of film dropping on hill on the growth and yield of arid winter wheat
Huang Ming-jing, Jin Fan-sheng, Chi Bao-liang, Chen Qien
1999, 7(2): 36-38.
Abstract(1020) PDF(864)
Abstract:
The experiment results show that，under the film dropping on hill,arid winter wheat is able to form good seeding before winter,each growth period from emergence to heading came before the proper time and ear differentiation became longer,which made the number of grains per ear increase by 2.1 compared with control.During the grains filling period,the photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that of other treatments,the 1000-grain weight increased by 0.4g and yield increased by 24.8 percent.This is significantly different from control.Therefore,the potential of increasing wheat yield is effectively raised.
A comparation of energy flow and economic flow between organic and inorganic vegetable production systems
Xi Yun-guan, Li Zheng-fang, Tai Chong-mei, Wang Qiu-hua, Ding We
1999, 7(2): 39-42.
Abstract(831) PDF(709)
Abstract:
Energy flow,economic flow and their influence on soil environment in organic and inorganic vegetable production systems are analyzed.The results show that the vegetable's growth,yield and economic benefit in organic system are all better than those in inorganic system,the energy output/input ratio of organic system was significantly impacted by the varieties of applied organic fertilizer.The soil microbiomass in organic system are higher than that in inorganic system.
Preliminary approaches on the chemical-controlling the pre-harvest sprouting of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)
Liu Xiao-bing, Wang Guang-hua, Yang Shu-ping, Zhang Qiu-ying, Jin Jian
1999, 7(2): 43-45.
Abstract(1031) PDF(921)
Abstract:
Possibilities of chemical control of the pre-harvest sprouting of spring wheat are investigated by six types of plant growth regulators(PGR) with different dosages at start of noding,booting stage and 10,18,25 days after flower of spring wheat.The results show that it is feasible to control pre-harvest sprouting by PGR with available cultivars.MH has the best effect,α-IAA inhibits sprouting at low concentration,and NaHSO3 reduces the negative effect on sprouting to a certain extent.
Technologies of saline alkali soil amelioration in Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Plain-A case study on Pingyuan Experimental Plot in Northwest Shandong
Dong Zhen-guo, Lu quan-guo
1999, 7(2): 46-49.
Abstract(988) PDF(691)
Abstract:
Implementing integated agricultural technologies such as fresh water leaching salt to reduce salinity in plough layer,increasing organic manure to lighten salt harmness,covering farmland to reduce evaporation and so on at Pingyuan Experimental Plot in northwestern saline alkali waste land of Shandong.Reducing salinity in plough layer soil,enhancing porosity of soil,increasing moisture capacity and conservation of both moisture and soil are achieved.In 1995,the forest tree covered rate reached 21.0%,grain output reached 12.53 thousand kg/hm2,total grain output reached 18160 thousand kg,average income reached 1425 yuan(RMB),4.6,1.9,2.3,2.27 times much than those of 1988,respectively.
Technology of tissue cultural propagation of Malus zumi
Wang Yu-zhen, Feng Xue-zan, Luo Jing-lan, Chen Wen-long
1999, 7(2): 50-52.
Abstract(988) PDF(1000)
Abstract:
Culturing the stems of Malus zumi in vitro,the key techniques including medium,auxin,age of sprouts and agar are studied.The results show that if there is the advanced medium MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+IAA0.2mg/L for multiplicating ，1/2MS+IAA0.5mg/L or 1/2MS+IBA0.5mg/L for rooting,sprout's age being 30～40 days,agar corresponding to the international standard and the light intensity sustaining at 1500～2000lx,the coefficient of multiplication,the quantity of effictive plantlets and the rate of rootage and growth are best,and the surviving ratio of transplantation of plantlets and nursery seedling is above 90% and 85% respectively,and 1-yr-old tree height is above 1.5m.Based on the study,the industrializing technology of tube-plantlets of Malus zumi and the culture standard which improves a theoretical basis for vegetive propagation of others plant are summarized.
The eco-agricultural significance on the high stubble mulch of winter wheat
You Mao-zheng, ZhangXi-ying
1999, 7(2): 53-54.
Abstract(1591) PDF(886)
Abstract:
The high stubble mulch of winter wheat can enhance soil fertility,decrease evaporation and surface runoff,inhibit soil erosion,increase soil moisture,control weed growth,enhance yield,conserve resources and decrease pollution.It should be popularized and applied.
Efficient multiple planting system in sandy soil along the lower reaches of Yangtze River in Jiangsu
Du Hua-zhang, Zhang Sheng-wang
1999, 7(2): 55-57.
Abstract(745) PDF(787)
Abstract:
Taking sandy soil along the lower reaches of Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province as an example,the social, economical and ecological benefits of main multiple planting patterns are analyzed. The results theoretically demonstrate that the multiple planting system is an effective way to develop sustainable agriculture. And some countermeasures are put forward for establishing efficient multiple planting system.
Some contradictions and countermeasures in agricultural sustainable development
Zhao Wen-huan, Shan Zhi-fen
1999, 7(2): 58-62.
Abstract(685) PDF(702)
Abstract:
Some contradictions such as population, resources,eco-environment,grain,energy resources,scientific and technical level,economic basis,social situation and so on in sustai-nable development of agriculture are expounded.On the basis of analysis of effecting agricultural sustainable development in China,some countermeasures solving contradiction are put forword.
The recession of agro-ecological environment in Hebei and its improving way
Tian Kui-xiang, Li Hui-ying, Wang Rong
1999, 7(2): 63-65.
Abstract(927) PDF(719)
Abstract:
Hebei is a big agricultural province surrounded by Beijing,Tianjin and Bohai bay. As a result of human being activities,problems of agro-ecological environment pollution and ecosystem degeneration are more and more serious. Currently developing eco-agriculture is the best way to improve agro-ecological environment. For this purpose,the unification of agricultural principles and operable measures should be paid attention to,and the classification treatment in different ecological types areas to adopt suitable ecological engineering should be tried.
Eco-agricultural construction at dry valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River
Bao Wei-kai, Chen Jian-zhong, Qiao Yong-kang
1999, 7(2): 66-68.
Abstract(801) PDF(785)
Abstract:
Environmental features and problems in the agricultural evelopment,goal,contents,and developing direction of eco-agricultural construction of dry valley in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River are expounded,and the countermeasures optimizing agriculture structure and building eco-agriculture are put forword.
Construction of eco-agriculture at Wangjiagou valley in the hilly loess region of west Shanxi and its trend
Zhao Yi-xue
1999, 7(2): 69-72.
Abstract(557) PDF(549)
Abstract:
Two different but closely contacted regional systems in Wangjiagou valley of the hilly loss region of west Shanxi are analyzed.Choosing thirteen decision variables and applying the linear programme,the regional patterns of eco-agricultural construction of out and in-courtyards are quantified.Then,the main contents and the marked success of eco-agricultural construction in the valley from 1991 to 1995 are expounded.Using the GM(1,1) model of the grey system, the development trend of eco-agriculture in the valley is predicted.
Thinking on the construction of new style eco-agriculture in mountainous regions of the Three Gorges reservoir areas in Chongqing
Ye Qian-ji, Yu Fa-wen
1999, 7(2): 73-75.
Abstract(1002) PDF(818)
Abstract:
The basic conditions of nature and social economics and the relationships among immigrants,anti-poverty and eco-environment in the Three Gorges reservoir areas in Chongqing are expounded briefly. It points out that establishing new style eco-agricultural model in mountainous regions is an effective way to immigrant development,anti-poverty and improving eco-environment and promoting rural economic sustainable deve-lopment.
Basic characteristics of eco-agriculture in suburbs-Taking Daxing County of Beijing as an example
Yang Wen-hui, Zhang Chun-hong
1999, 7(2): 76-78.
Abstract(982) PDF(771)
Abstract:
There are three basic characteristics of eco-agriculture in suburbs.Those are the orientation of systematic function, the economic technology base of system and structures and models of eco-agirculture in suburbs of big cities.

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