2000 Vol. 8, No. 2

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2000, 8(2): 1-4.
Abstract(789) PDF(1203)
Abstract:
Basic ways and typical models of eco-agricultural county construction in different type areas in China
Wu Wen-liang
2000, 8(2): 5-9.
Abstract(1011) PDF(807)
Abstract:
Based on the esperiences and practices of 51 national eco-agricultural demonstration counties,basic ways and typical models of eco-agricultural county construction at different type areas in China were expounded. The development suggestions of eco-agricultural construction in China were put forward.
Global climate warming,disasters increasing and agricultural productivity safeguarding
Jiang Ai-liang, Yu Hu-ning
2000, 8(2): 10-14.
Abstract(684) PDF(855)
Abstract:
Three periods were clearly divided based on decadal mean temperatures of global surfacetem peratures in recent 120 years(from 1880 to 1997) The first ogre was the period of lower temperature(from 1880 to 1919，at least 40 years)．the second one was the period of transition (fluetuation oftemperature was not too big，from 1920 to 1979，about 60 years)，the third one was the period of temperature increasing．We understand the temperature of the Little Ice Age was lower than that of the period from 1880 to 1919 according to the references of the Little Ice Age(from 1450 or 1490 to 1850 or 1880．about 400 years )．Therefore we imagined the duration of lower temperature is about 450 years．The variations of temperature for the recent 450 years are the kind of the process of unidirectional，gradual change．Another three periods may be also divided according to the situation of EI Nino emerging in 20st century The first period that of EI Nino accidental emerging from 1900 to 1940 The second period was that of E1 Nino middle emerging from 1940 to 1980，the global temperature was increasing at faint or middle level for this period．The third period is that of frequendy emerging of El Nino trom 1980 to 1998，the global warming is ohviousiy．In recent 100 years，the situation of El Nino emerging is similar with the process of unidirectional，gradual change for global temperature．The new viewpoint，that is to pay cLose allention to the influences on the piled effects of greenhouse effect and El Nino，is given out after the thermal inertia of ocean being considered．We think the El Nino will be frequently emerged and global teraperature,gill also kept warmer for several decades or longer periled in the future．The natural disasters，such as flood，drought，bio-calamities etc．,will be frequently took place following El Nino and global warming．Therefore,we should do the works for taking precautions against and reducing natural calamities,and safeguard the sustainable agriculture productivity．
Analysis on the evolutionary trends of regional agrometeorological disasters in China
Chen Shao-feng, Yang Hong
2000, 8(2): 15-19.
Abstract(853) PDF(792)
Abstract:
By comparative analysis of four kinds of agrometeorological disasters including drought, flood, hailstorm and windstorm, frostbite during two periods from 1953 to 1966 and from 1978 to 1996, we had found out that there were three kinds of evolutionary trends existing in most of regions in china: increasing disaster frequency, expanding areas covered by meteorological disasters and decreasing fluctuation of meteorological disasters. According to the grey system theory, the leading cause of meteorological disaster in each region had been diagnosed and all the regions had fallen into 8 categories based on the sequence of contribution of each meteorological disaster to the total disaster area to facilitate designing agricultural development strategies and arranging regional agricultural patterns reasonably.
Acid rain and soil ecosystem
Shan Sheng-dao, Yu Jin-yan, Yu Wei
2000, 8(2): 20-23.
Abstract(1150) PDF(845)
Abstract:
The interrelations of acid rain and soil ecosystem are analysed.Acid rain could change soil acidity, enhance soil toxicity, reduce soil active,destroy soil structure.Soil ecosystem restrictd acid rain forming and controled acid rain polluting.According to the condition of our country,it was put forward to excavate potential functions of soil ecosystem,build up plant's resistance to acid rain, select and popularize resistant species to acid rain and SO2 pollution and enhance the nation's awareness of afforestation.
Soil physics mechanics of the processes of water saving
Qin Yao-Dong, Xue Xu-zhang, Wang Ji
2000, 8(2): 24-27.
Abstract(926) PDF(804)
Abstract:
This paper interprets a management strategy based on soil physics principle to achieve a high－yield and water－saving agricultural production system in middle-low fertility soils in Huanghuaihai plain in north of China.The management atrategy included several the following main approaches.Delaying seeding date two or three weeks to control the wheat tillering before winter thereby reducing water consumption;keeping soil surface dry during the growing season to reduce evaporation from soil surface;sufficiently irrigating soil before seeding to restore enough water in deep soil profile;applying phosphorus fertiliaers together in a band to promote plant roots growth.All those approaches sufficiently utilized the hydrotropic characeristic of plant roots and in duced the roots to grow deeper,and expanded their water uptake volume to enable them using water from deep soil profile.Using this management strategy the grain yield of winter wheat has been reached 6000kg/hm2 without any irrigation after seeding and up to 7500kg/hm2 with one irrigation event after seeding.The water use efficiency is more than 15.0kg/hm2·mm.
The effect of cropping system on the microelements in lime concretion fluvo-aquic soils
Ding Wei-xin, Liu Yuan-chang, Zhu Qi-qing
2000, 8(2): 28-30.
Abstract(1120) PDF(767)
Abstract:
The paper discussed the influence of the changing of cropping system from upland farming to rotation of rice and upland farming on the total contents,available contents and morphology of microelements in lime concretion fluvo-aquic soils studied by using the sequential extracting method. The total contents of microelements except molybdenum were remarkably decreased and the available contents of microelements except zinc were increased with the changing of cropping system from upland farming to rotation of rice and upland farming. The contents of residual, crystalline iron oxide bound and carbonate bound microelements were reduced and the contents of amorphous iron oxide bound and organically bound microelements were gradually increased and the changes of exchangeable microelements were similar to that of available microelement contents.
Changes of Nitrate-N Accumulated in soil profile after changing grain crop land into vegetables land
Yuan Xin-min, Li Xiao-lin, Zhang Fu-suo, Tong Yan-an
2000, 8(2): 31-33.
Abstract(1142) PDF(890)
Abstract:
Soil nitrate-N was rapidly leached below 2 meters after changing grain crop land into vegetable land. Because of difference in fertilization, irrigation, plant uptake and so on, about 41%～50% of soil nitrate-N accumulated in a depth of 2～4m layer in vegetable land, and 95% of that was found in 0～2m layer in grain crop land.
Ecological effect of peat and weathered coal on alkali-saline soil
Wang Gui-rong, Wu Long-hua, Zhang Chun-xin, Yasushi Nishizaki, Yamaguchi Tatsuaki
2000, 8(2): 34-37.
Abstract(1020) PDF(809)
Abstract:
Pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of peat and weathered coal on soil alkali-salinity and rice plant yield in Keerqin sandy area. Results showed that, soil total salt was increased when adding peat or weathered coal mainly because the increasing of soil soluble Ca and Na. Soil organic carbon was positively corelated to the increasing of peat or weathered coal adding, so as to soil available N, P and K. Rice yield was significantly enhanced with the plant height, tiller length and rice grain amount of per tiller were raised.
Maize genotypes and soil nitrogen apparent balance
Liu Jian-an, Mi Guo-hua, Zhang Fu-suo
2000, 8(2): 38-41.
Abstract(1047) PDF(936)
Abstract:
At three soil N application levels,grain yield,shoot N accumulation and soil N apparent balance of maize genotypes were studied in the field. Significant differences were found in grain yield and shoot N accumulation among maize genotypes. Average soil N apparent residual rates ware 36.74%, 40.79% and 48.36% at low 112.5kg/hm2,medium 168.75kg/hm2 and high soil N 225kg/hm2 application levels separately.Maize genotypes with high shoot N accumulation could significantly decrease N fertilizer residue in the soil.
Study on the Carbon,Nitrogen Cycling characteristics of dry farmland ecosystem on Loess Plateau
Xu Bing-cheng, Liang Yin-li
2000, 8(2): 42-46.
Abstract(1059) PDF(903)
Abstract:
Taking the typical farmland ecosystem of Changwu Demonstration Area in the south of Loess Plateau as the study object,based on the using of DNDC(Denitrification-decomposition) model,the carbon and nitrogen cycling characteristics of wheat field ecosystem in four different dealing through successive six years were analyzed.And also by comparing with known experimental results and practical measuring data.it was preliminarily verified that the model was applicable.On the basis of these,the main managements for agricultural development in the future were proposed in the area.
Effects of associated toxic constituents of phosphate fertilizers on the soil eco-environment
Lin Zhong-hui, Chen Tong-bin
2000, 8(2): 47-50.
Abstract(1289) PDF(1024)
Abstract:
The impacts of the associated toxic constituents such as Cd,Chloral and radioactive elements on the soil environments and crop products are expounded.Cd content standard of soil,crop and fertiliaer are also discussed.Cd pollution of general farmland isn't existence in short-term,but fertilizer pollution must be paied attention to in area and special crop for long-term applied phosphate fertilizer.Radioactive impurity in phosphate fertilizer can't cause pollution of soil.Chloral contente in phosphate fertilizer must be control umder crop's critical dosage and assist fertilizer rationally.The strategies for overcoming these impacts are also discussed.
The movement characteristics of three kinds of weed seeds by wind as driving force
Li Shan-lin, Ni Han-wen, Zhang Li
2000, 8(2): 51-53.
Abstract(1000) PDF(796)
Abstract:
The experiment was conducted in China Agricultural University from 1994 to 1998 to investigate the movement of Redroot amaranth,Common crabgrass,Barnyardgrass under wind force.The results show that almost all seeds of one plant for the three kinds of weed were moved to 50cm away under winds force not less than 4 grade.Soil,treated under 120℃ for 24 hours and then put in a 50cm wide,50cm long,5cm high box placed 10m far from these three kinds of living weed outside,got new seedling and extra seeds of these three kinds of weed seed three years later.Capturing-test in field showed that wind was one of driving forces for the movement of the seeds of Redroot Amaranth,Common Crabgrass,Barnyardgrss.
Effects of summer fallow in Guanzhong irrigation area
Li Shi-qing, Li Sheng-xiu
2000, 8(2): 54-57.
Abstract(1032) PDF(789)
Abstract:
Field trials were carried out to study the effects of summer fallow on water storage and NO-3-N accumulation in soil profile and the following crops.The results showed that the storage effect of water in the period of summer fallow was related to the precipitation.The NO-3-N accumulated in the soil profile increased significantly during the period of summer fallow,and the distribution of accumulative NO-3-N changed with the amount of precipitation during fallow period: 96.8% of NO-3-N was accumulated in the 0～80cm soil layer and 8.2 percentage in the 80～120cm slil layer in 1993 with lower precipitation,but 57.1 in the 0～80cm soil layer and 42.9 in the 80～120cm soil layer in 1992 with higher precipitation.After fallow,the crop yield and N uptake were significantly higher than that of the crop in succession.In the total cycle of crop rotation,the total grain and above-ground yields of three crops without fallow were almost the same as that of two crops after fallow.
The shade-resistance of Desmodium heterocapum DC var.strigosum Van Meeuwen
Cui Bingquan, Chen Zhaoping
2000, 8(2): 58-61.
Abstract(1629) PDF(1062)
Abstract:
Under shading,the changes of chlorophyll,photosynthetic light response curves,growth,development and nitrogen fixation activity of Desmodium heterocapum DC var. strigosum Van Meeuwen were studied. The results showed that is was a strong shade-resistant legum,20% shading was suitable for its growth.
High-yielding cultivation practices of winter wheat in large acreage
Li Jin-sheng, Ma ji-li, Duan Xi-shun
2000, 8(2): 62-64.
Abstract(1194) PDF(970)
Abstract:
On the basis of many years study and Practice on high-yielding cultivation in wheat,yield of more than 7500kg/hm2 was achieved in an area of 70000hm2.The main experiences are to management water and fertilization,to control the sowing density,to standardize and optimize the integrated technical measures and to put the whole technoeogical program into effect.
Analysis on the effect of establishment and inter-species relationship adjustment of mixed stands in southern Fujian
Chen Hong
2000, 8(2): 65-68.
Abstract(951) PDF(968)
Abstract:
The experiment on the establishment and inter-species relationship adjustment of mixed stands showed that Michelia marclurei Dandy，Fokienia hodginsii(Dunn)henryet Thomas and Pinus elliotottii Engelm were the good dominant species．while Pinus massoniana Lamb. and Acacia confnas Merr．were the good associated species．Pinus taassoniana Lamb．could greatly help the dominant species growth，while Acacia confnas． Merr．was good species for soil fertility improvemerit because it could fix nitrogen．The soil fertility improvement，productivity and timber yield were sdected as the three evaluation indexes to conduct multiple-purposes layer option analysis on these four models of mixed stands by applying layer analysis method．The results showed that the best mixed stand model was Michelia macclurei Dandy mixed with Pinus massoniana Lamb．in cross disposition with the management measure of intensive thinning.
A preliminary study of economic characters of mulberry planted within contour hedgerows of nitrogen fixing plants
Yuan Yuan-liang, Sun Hui, Tang Ya
2000, 8(2): 69-71.
Abstract(1169) PDF(1057)
Abstract:
Plantation of mulberry trees on margina1 lands including bench terrace risers has played an important role n the development of sericulture in the motlntainous areas of Siehuan Province．However，owing to various Feasons，mulberry leaves of such plantation are low in quality and yield．Recently planting of contour hedgerows of nitrogen fixing plants has been promoted as a math ITleasure for soil conservation and soil fertility improvement of the Moping agricultural lands．In order to maximise multiple benefits of the contour hehgerows tan experiment of planting mul-berry trees between the double hedgerows has be en carried out in Ningnan county，Southwest Sichuan Province，The preliminary results showed that the average leaf area，weight of individual leaf，and leaf yield per plant of the grafted mulberry trees in the contour hedgerows were 1．7，4．6 and 3．9 times of those planted on the terrace risers，respectively．The average leaf area，wight of individual leaft and leaf yield per plant of the non grafted mulbe rry tres in the contour hedgerows were 1．6，4．1 and 4．0 times of those planted 0n the terrace riserstrespectively．The preliminary results indicated that inclusion of mulberry trees withn the contour hedge rows might he an additionl source of incom e generation to farmers．
Four-in-one courtyard ecological pattern and its benefit analysis in Northern Shaanxi
Bai Yonghong, Lin Guanshi, Ku Fangyi
2000, 8(2): 72-74.
Abstract(1218) PDF(884)
Abstract:
A four-in-one courtyard ecological pattern has been established in Northern Shaanxi,being an ecologically micro-circled system composed of cheken,hog,biogas and vegetable.The structure,benefit and demonstration of the pattern as well as the construction of necessary technical system were expounded. The result showed that the pattern increased vegetable production by 16%～20%,decreased production cost by 11700～15600yuan/hm2 and raised income by 54700～58000 yuan//hm2;hogs grew quickly,growth rate reached 700g a day on average,feeding period was shortened by one month,feeding cost decreased by 150～170 yuan per hog,and income raised by 81～108 yuqn. The research provided a scientific basis for extensive use of this pattern in the hilly and gullied areas of Loess Plateau.
Ecological patern on the breeding fish in high water level above land in dafeng coastal beach
Xu Bin, Zhou Xiao-cheng, Feng Yang, Sheng Jian-ming, Yang Jin-cun
2000, 8(2): 75-77.
Abstract(1134) PDF(858)
Abstract:
The land-construction of Jiangsu province and the cycling breeding pattern of high water level above land in coastal beach of Jiangsu province were expounded.The comparison analysis shown that the breeding pattern has a comprehensive economic benefits witch reflects the relative stability,sustainability and diversify of coastal beach use.
Analysis on sustainability of grain production in red and yellow soil region of China
Hou Xiang-yang
2000, 8(2): 78-81.
Abstract(933) PDF(833)
Abstract:
Based on the basic requirement which supports human life, the paper analyzed sustainability of grain production in red and yellow soil region of China in three hierarchies which are farm grain production per unit area, regional total grain production and regional food supply and demand equilibrium. The analysis indicated that sustainability of grain production in red and yellow soil region differs both in system hierarchies and regions, which is sustainable in grain production per unit area, weak sustainable in total regional production, and unsustainable in regional food supply and demand system. Sustainability of farm grain production per unit area is high but that of regional total grain production is low in coastal developed region, while sustainability both of farm grain production per unit area and of regional total grain production is low in southwest of China. Consequently, it is important to analyze sustainability of regional grain production in several hierarchies and manage regional agricultural resources comprehensively for ensuring regional agricultural sustainable development.
Variation characteristics of village and its relation with farmland productivity in south-center of Hebei province
Wang Zhi-ping, Hu Chun-sheng, Liu Zhi-jun
2000, 8(2): 82-85.
Abstract(1049) PDF(982)
Abstract:
Using surveying method,village and its relation with farmland productivity is comparatively analyzed in mountainous and hilly region,piedmont,low plain and coastal plain of south-center of Hebei province.Village distributions are almost constant during decades and village divisions are similar in different periods and regions. Courtyard areas are bigger in plains than in mountainous and hilly region due to landform influence. Used ratios of courtyards are lower,therefore courtyards have definite exploited potential in different regions. Villages changes are accord with farmland productivities from Taihangshan mountainous and hilly region to coastal plain. Village is very related with cultivated land,and Controlling village size and increasing village density is helpful to decrease cultivated radius and add agriculture labor productivity in traditional agriculture society.
A study on water bodies diversity along N38°transitional belt of alluvial and marine plain in Hebei province
Mao Xue-sen, Liu Meng-yu
2000, 8(2): 86-88.
Abstract(1258) PDF(1018)
Abstract:
Based on the investigation along N38°transitional belt of alluvial and coast plain in Hebei province,the diversity of ground water level, water quality of ground water,water quality of river and reservoir were analyzed.The results showed that water in rivers and reservoir had been polluted by sea water in this area. The main freshwater resources are deep fresh ground water and rainfall.
The theory of eco-agriculture intergrated technologies and the principle of efficiency evaluation
Li Dong-sheng, Luo Yuan-zhou
2000, 8(2): 89-92.
Abstract(957) PDF(809)
Abstract:
The theory of eco-agriculture intergrated technologies is expounded from its intension,basic principle,characteristic and type, etc. On the basis of expounding,the principle of eco-agriculture intergrated technologies efficiency evaluation is put forward.
Eco-agriculture Industrialization in China
Zhang Ren-wu, Liu Ying-kun, Li xiao-bo
2000, 8(2): 93-96.
Abstract(1049) PDF(760)
Abstract:
According to the eco-agriculture practices and research work,the definition,connotation,technological countermeasures and derection of the eco-agriculture industrialization in China are discussed.
Sustainable use of energy resource in China
Zhu Gui-wei, Qu Fu-tian
2000, 8(2): 97-100.
Abstract(973) PDF(757)
Abstract:
The conception,the classification and the function of energy resources were expounded.Main problems in the aspect of energy resources development and use were pointed out.The countermeasures of sustainable use of energy resources in China were put forward.
2000, 8(2): 101-102.
Abstract(742) PDF(770)
Abstract:

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