2000 Vol. 8, No. 3

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ZHANG Bao-Wen
2000, 8(3): 1-4.
Abstract(789) PDF(853)
Abstract:
Forward researches on the agricultural meteorology
Yu Hu-ning
2000, 8(3): 5-8.
Abstract(942) PDF(863)
Abstract:
Existence and development of the subject depend on its forward researches. Effects of agricultural meteorology on production potential theory,climate and microclimate in dry region, natural disaster,etc.have been formed. Global change, sustainable productivity,water stress, disaster forecast, water-heat transmission in boundary,fine agriculture,agricultural microclimate and crop aerology are followed with interest by the public.Agricultural meteorology must attach importance to the original researches and sublimating the experiments to phonomenological theory.
The theoretical basis of stereoscopic planting
Du Xin-tian, Du Ming
2000, 8(3): 9-12.
Abstract(885) PDF(916)
Abstract:
With the viewpoint of ecology we advanced the concept of stereoscopic planting and principles of colony combination on the basis of investigation and experiment, discussed the theoretical basis of disposition in space structure,designed the vertical structure in conformity to the law of sunlight acceptance,determined the belt breadth of horizontal structure using the law of colony edge effect,desposed the strip width according to planting plan, plant charactars,fertility of soil and working width of farm machinery and tools. The apportionment of time structure was summed up.Furthermore,the typical patterns were listed for verification.
Review on studies of the vegetation colony structure and the interception of light by a canopy
Wang Jin-xing, Zhang Yi-ping, Wang Jin-shu
2000, 8(3): 13-16.
Abstract(1217) PDF(1732)
Abstract:
Study on vegetation colony structure and the interception of light by a canopy is one of important fields of the study on canopy micro-climate.In this paper,the parameters of vegetation colony structure,up-to-date technique in the parameters obtaining,the model of the interception of light by a canopy and their relation are presented. On the basis of the existing results,the problems in the studies on vegetation colony structure and the interception of light by a canopy are discussed.
Eco-organic type soilless culture technique in China
Jiang Wei-jie, Liu Wei, Yu Hong-jun, Zheng Guang-hua
2000, 8(3): 17-21.
Abstract(2600) PDF(2398)
Abstract:
Eco-organic type soilless culture,first developed by Institute of Vegetables & Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in mid-90′s,introduces organic agriculture into soilless culture,directly uses tap water instead of nutrient solution to irrigate plant,and greatly reduces initial investment and running cost.During the period of less than 10 years,the area using eco-organic type soilless culture reached 163hm2.The research results in recent years showed that the materials,such as coal cinder,sand,coir,sunflowers stem,maize stem,mushroom waste and sawdust,can be used as substrates of soilless culture which greatly lowered the cost of soilless culture.The report introduces the history,characteristics,system structure, present development of research and extension activity,and future prospect of eco-organic type of soilless culture.
The plant arbuscular mycorrhiza and prospects of its application
Bai Pu, Ma Jian-jing
2000, 8(3): 22-24.
Abstract(1091) PDF(971)
Abstract:
The morphologic characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM),its nutrient function and its relation with other microorganisms such as nodule bacteria are discussed.Environmental factors,cultivated managements and rotation systems affecting VAM are also analyzed.The authors advance that VAM potential resource should be fully utilized through strengthing basic reseach,inoculating exernal VAM fungus resource and making use of original VAM fungus resource for sustainable increase of crop output.
Ecological effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of maize
Chen Jie-min, Jiang De-feng, Liu Shu-tang, Wang Wei-hua, Li Xiao-lin
2000, 8(3): 25-27.
Abstract(855) PDF(736)
Abstract:
Ecological effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)，Glomus mosseae(G.m)，Glomus versifome(G.v)，Sclerocystis sinousa(S.s) on the growth of maize were investigated on non-fertilizer field in 1996～1998.The results showed that the root vigor of maize plant treated by AMF was 2.32～3.05 times as much as the control.The amount of absorption on N and P was increased by 24.14%～56.65% and 41.14%～78.29%,and the plant growth and development of maize were obviously enhanced.The inoculation with G.m、G.v and S.s could increase the maize yield by 17.63%，22.91% and 10.80% compared with the control in sterilizing soil,and 10.35%，20.56%，4.53% in non-sterilizing soil respectively.The treatment with AMF could obviously improve the condition of water suppliment in maize.
The characters of effective micro-organisms(EM) and their utilization on planting industry.
Zhang Lie, Dai Jun-ying
2000, 8(3): 28-31.
Abstract(813) PDF(1845)
Abstract:
The sorts,use,character,property and effecting mechanism of effective micro-organisms (EM) as well as the study and utilization of effective micro-organisms on planting industry are expounded.Its contents include enhancing soil fertility,accelerating synthetic manure fermentation,promoting crop growth,amplifying plant resistance,increasing crop yield and improving product quality.
Effects of different soils and altitudes on the composition of amino acids in foxtail millet
Gu Shi-lu, Gu Xiao-hong, Geng Ju-ping
2000, 8(3): 32-35.
Abstract(1076) PDF(906)
Abstract:
In order to develop the cultivation techniques for high quality of foxtail millet,the experiments were accomplished in red soil,loess soil,red-loess soil and different elevations.The results have proved that the quality of protein for millet grains grown in red soil and loess soil was high.The contents of main amino acid in grain of millet grown in red and loess soils were 25.4% and 21.4% highter than those in red-loess soil,the contents of essential amino acid were 23.2% and 21.6% highter.The essential amino acid indexes(EAAI) were increased 21.5% and 21.9%,respectively.The quality of protein for millet grains grown in high elevation was superior.The content of main amino acid for the millet grown at the altitude of 1100～1200m was 8.7% highter than that at 900～1100m,EAAI was increased 7.8%.Therefore,millet ought to be cultivated in red soil and loess soil at the altitude of 1100～1200m for getting high quality.
Study on the developing characteristics of individual plant and yield formation in high and dwarf plant types of summer millet
Ji Gui-su, Cui Lu-ping, Hao Feng-wu
2000, 8(3): 36-39.
Abstract(1079) PDF(1013)
Abstract:
The developing characteristics of individual plant and the correlation of these characteristics with grain yield were studied for summer foxtail millet(Setaria Italic L.Beauv.)of high and dwarf plant types.The results showed that the difference between high and dwarf plants existed in individual growing progress and grain yield formation.The development of dwarf plant at prophase was earlier than that of high plant.The nutrient accumulation and translation during the period of head milking in high plant were significant,but those of the dwarf plant were not.The grain yield formation of dwarf plant was mainly from the outcome of photosynthesis after flower,but that of the high plant was from the nutrient transferred from plant and the outcome of photosynthesis after flower.According the growth feature and developing characteristics of millet,the dwarf plant should be planted in narrow row and high density;the high plant should be planted in wide row and suitable density.Promoting early stage development and keeping long lived organ at later stage should be adopted in dwarf plant.The high plant should avoid more nutrient accumulating at maturing stage and avoid latematuring.By this way,high yield can be expected.
Effect of three kinds of phosphate fertilizers with various solubilities on different wheat varieties with different phosphorus efficiencies
Wang Qing-ren, Sun Jian-hua, Liu Quan-you, Tong Yi-ping, Li Ji-yun
2000, 8(3): 40-43.
Abstract(1027) PDF(808)
Abstract:
The effect of water-soluble,citrate-soluble and hardly soluble phosphate on wheat varieties with various phosphorus(P) efficiencies was studied by a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions.The results indicated that,all kinds of P fertilizers supplied could improve tillering,crop growth and yield of wheat varieties,but some differences existed among P fertilizers for same variety and wheat varieties for same kind of P fertilizers.At an equal amount of P fertilizers,triple phosphate was superior to calcium(magnesium)phosphate and rock phosphate compared to the control.However,calcium(magnesium)phosphate had most significant difference in grain production of wheat between “P-efficient” and “inefficient” varieties,for example,15.82g/pot of grain yield produced on the average,but 17.8% higher than the average for“Lofflin”,2.0% and 8.0% lower than it for“Ji87-4617” and “Qinmai No.1”,respectively.A significant difference among the varieties demonstrated that citratesolubel phosphate fertilizer could be used as an effective screening method for P-efficient varieties of wheat.
Study on the optimum organic manure application rates for maize in terrace
Li Xiao-hua
2000, 8(3): 44-46.
Abstract(1161) PDF(952)
Abstract:
The effects of two kinds of organic manures on maize in unirrigated terrace were studied by the field test.The results showed that the total soil porosity was increased by 5.2%～13.1%,soil capillary porosity by 3.6%～10.0%,soil water content by 9.8%～15.3% after rain,however soil density was declined by 1.8%～7.9%,the average plant height and stem diameter increased by 0.1～6.5cm and 0.1～0.5cm,respectively,the maize yield increased by 33.5%～77.2% by organic manure application. The maize yield was related to the amount of organic manure applied and the optimum amount of organic manure applied was determined in different water years.
The effects of no-tillage with maize stalk mulched on soil environment in dryland
Jin Fan-sheng, Zhang Bao-lin
2000, 8(3): 47-50.
Abstract(1007) PDF(933)
Abstract:
Under the condition of no-tillage with more than 4500kg/hm2 of maize stalk mulched,increments of maize yields was 22.15%～25.65%,water use efficiency of soil moisture increased 2.9625kg/hm2·mm.Comparing the treatments of no-tillage with mulch to the traditional tillage,the contents of available quick-moving water in 0～200cm soil layers increased 17.02～47.9mm before spring sowing.There was a significant negative correlation between earth cumulative temperature in 5cm,10cm,15cm soil layers and the amounts of stalk mulched;the more the mulch amount was,the less the volume weight in 0～10cm soil layers was;the significant relations of linear regression were formed among organic substance,total N,available P and mulch amounts.Comparing the treatments of no-tillage with mulch to the traditional tillage,amounts of ureaes,basic phosphatase,invertase were increased by 0.04～0.48mg/g,0.05～1.08mg/g and 1.7～12.8mg/g;there was a significant linear correlation between the amount of this three enzymes and the amounts of mulch.
Effects of concrete mulching on the movement of soil water,salt,and heat as well as growth of jujube
Li Wei-qiang, Zhang Xiu-mei, Lei Yu-ping, Tian Qui-xiang, Masanori Okazaki
2000, 8(3): 51-54.
Abstract(917) PDF(1209)
Abstract:
The field experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of concrete mulching on the movement of water,salt and heat as well as the growth and development of jujube trees.The results showed that both the content of soil water and jujube yield were remarkably increased under the situation of concrete mulching.Meanwhile soil evaporation and the amplitude of water content variations were reduced,and salt movement up to the surface soil was effectively controlled.
New thinking on the reasonable utilization of non-competitive arable land in the hilly agricultural area
Xing Ting-xian
2000, 8(3): 55-58.
Abstract(882) PDF(885)
Abstract:
The non-competitive arable lands can be suitable to develop the agriculture production of the green vegetative mass.Many researchers indicated that the content of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) in the vegetative mass were several times higher than their crop seed or straw(residues),so more animal products when green vegetative mass of crop was used for feeding animals could be obtained than their grain crops and by products.The reasonable utilization of non-competitive arable land is one of important strategic measurements to solve the food safety of 1.6 billion population in the 21st century in China.There are four agricultural production models of the vegetative mass with the feature of crop-livestock integration:grain-forage-animal production model in the fallow land,forestry-forage-animal production model in the wasted hillside field,fruit-forage-animal production model in the fruit garden and fish-forage-animal production model in the lakeside land and reservoir or pool-side land.
Study on the indicators for assessment of agro-ecoenvironmental quality in saline region of Lower Haihe Plain
Xing Ting-xian, Liu Xiao-jing
2000, 8(3): 59-62.
Abstract(1153) PDF(1170)
Abstract:
The establishment of adapted indicators and thresholds is an essential component of the evaluation of agro-ecoenvironmental quality.The indicators are measurable attributes of environment,and the thresholds may be defined as levels of indicators and can provide the baseline of assessment.There is a stage of relative balance between the process of desalinization and salt accumulation in Lower Haihe Plain,therefore the development of agro-product is always controlled by the change of soil and water quality.According to 11 selected criteria,a set of key indicators which is easy to use was chosen and interpreted from many candidate indicators.The trend indicators reflecting the salinization include groundwater table ,water quality,soil EC and so on,and the condition indicators contain soil texture,consistence and color.In addition,the simple and more common determination method for soil morphological features was recommended.
Study on the agricultural environmental bearing capacity in the mid-south parts of Hebei Province
Cheng Yi-song, Hu Chun-sheng
2000, 8(3): 63-66.
Abstract(1102) PDF(843)
Abstract:
Based on the theory of environmental bearing capacity,the index system of agro-environmental bearing capacity in the mid-south parts of Hebei Province was established and a comprehensive assessment with heretical weight methods was carried out.Meanwhile,they are compared with ideal index and alertness index.Quantificational analysis was made with regional capacity for developing,resisting disaster and usage intensity of agricultural chemical product,to indicate sustainable developing capacity in this region.
Establishment and use of information management system for ecological agricultural counties and its quality assurance
Zhang Cong, Wu Wen-liang, Li Ji, Zhao Ming, Ouyang Huamin
2000, 8(3): 67-70.
Abstract(968) PDF(909)
Abstract:
This paper discusses importance of establishing information management system for ecological agricultural counties，introduces the structure,primary component and function of this system, pointes out that the data collection and quality assurance are the keys to normal use and developing effect of this system.
Study on the rational structure of agro-ecological system in Suide Experimental Base
Ma San-bao, Dang Wei-qin, Li Yun-shu, Wang Xiao
2000, 8(3): 71-73.
Abstract(1035) PDF(947)
Abstract:
According to the principle of harmonious development of integrated farming system,based on material and energy flow and economic value flow in the agriculture system of Suide Experimental Base,considering factors of land area,labor,livestockpower,social demand and fodder amount in the investigation area, an optimization structure was made by linear programme.The total net profit of farming and animal-husbandry is increased 145% more than that of conventional one,and the system's comprehensive profit index is increased by 49.72%.
Conditions and countermeasures for development of sightseeing-type agriculture in Zhejiang Province
Yan Li-jiao, Ye Xu-jun, Wang Wei-chang, Chen Jian-can, Wang Rui-jin
2000, 8(3): 74-76.
Abstract(1171) PDF(1047)
Abstract:
The origin,connotation and development process of sightseeing-type agriculture at home and abroad,favorable conditions and countermeasures for its development in Zhejiang Province as well as several problems in its development process are elaborated. It was pointed out that the gradual and appropriate development of sight seeing-type agriculture in accordance with local natural and social-economic conditions would be of practical significance,enhancing farmers′income,improving rural ecological environment, promoting sustainable development of agriculture and enriching sparetime lives of residents in both rural and urban areas.
Courtyard economy construction situation and development countermeasure at hilly land region in north Hunan Province-A case study from Pantangzhen of Hunan Province
Huang Pei-ji, Song Hui-an
2000, 8(3): 77-80.
Abstract(970) PDF(1041)
Abstract:
Based on the practices of developing courtyard economy in Pantangzhen,the features,position and functions of courtyard economy as well as obstacle factors in developing courtyard economy were expounded. The devoloping countermeasure and construction ways were put forward.
Important strategy position of grassland husbandry in the western development in China
He Nai-wei, Huang Zheng-fu, Yin Xiao-qing
2000, 8(3): 81-84.
Abstract(839) PDF(1134)
Abstract:
China has adopted the large-scale development strategy to speed up the development of western regions.The rich natural grassland resources in China are mainly distributed over the west regions,which are not only the material basis of economic development but also the important ecological protective screens in the west of China.Over the past years,the most of natural grasslands have been degenerating because of the improper processes of exploitation and utilization on grassland resources. So greater efforts should be made to develop the grassland husbandry with regional character and to improvement grass ecological environmental quality.
Harness emphatically,develop and construct comprehensively the grassland in west part of China
Sun Hong-liang
2000, 8(3): 85-88.
Abstract(715) PDF(870)
Abstract:
The great development and construction coming soon in west part of China are a magnificent undertaking rising in west economy and a opportunity for the overall development and construction of the grasslands. In the past there was a severe deterioration in part of west grassland. Now it is needed to harness emphatically the deteriorated grassland and develop and construct the whole grassland. In this paper some ecological principles being paid attention to in the development and construction of grassland were put forward to protect the environment and induce sustainable development of the grassland farming.
The ecological construction and the selection of major agro-industry in developmenting northwest China
Cheng Xu
2000, 8(3): 89-91.
Abstract(957) PDF(1126)
Abstract:
Experiences and lessons of afforestation and planting grass in northwest China in 1980s of the 20 century were reviewed.The selection of major agro-industry,foundation of appropriate grains strategy and meaning of ecological construction in developing northwest China were expounded,and the relevant research priorities have been proposed.
Water resource crisis and the way overcoming it in Northern China
Yuan Yu-xin, Wang Ying, Ren Shi-fu, Zhang Jing-lan, Li Yuan-kun
2000, 8(3): 92-94.
Abstract(1086) PDF(878)
Abstract:
Water resource crisis in northern China is brought by the ecosystem collapse of water resource in nourishing and cherishing region,lower water utilization rate and a lot of water body pollution.The ways to solve the crisis are rebuilding forest vegetation in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan Mountain by carrying out powerful policies,saving water,increasing agriculture water utilization rate and controlling and dealing with pollution body.
The present situation and the prospects of eco-agriculture in China
Hu Ren-rong, Yu Chang-yi
2000, 8(3): 95-98.
Abstract(1368) PDF(890)
Abstract:
The rising and concept of eco-agriculture are expounded.The difference between the eco-agriculture systems in China and overseas was analyzed.It is pointed out that theory guiding system,pattern classification system,techonlogy system,constrution system and assure system of eco-agriculture are important sections of the Chinese eco-agriculture.
The protection of agricultural ecological resource and agricultural sustainable development in Henan Province
Fan Wan-xuan
2000, 8(3): 99-102.
Abstract(1055) PDF(974)
Abstract:
Agricultural sustainable development in Henan Province is faced with the problems of shortage of water,soil,forest and grassland resources as well as biodivesity.Therefore,it is advanced that to insist“science and education revitalize Henan”,to control population growth,to make rational use of land and water resources,to protect ecological environment and to build gradually agricultural eco-economic multiplexed system with optimal structure and function are the effective way to achieve excellent circle and sustainable development of agriculture eco-economy in Henan Province.
2000, 8(3): 103-104.
Abstract(791) PDF(838)
Abstract:

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