2000 Vol. 8, No. 4

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The discussion on oxidized-gasified gas used for cooking
Mao Ping, Miao Chang-feng, Nan Fang
2000, 8(4): 1-3.
Abstract(1191) PDF(881)
Abstract:
The technological principles and characteristics on crop stalks oxidized-gasified gas aer expounded. The characteristics and requirements of combustible gas supplying system for cooking are pointed out. Compared with dry distillation gas, the results show that using oxidized-gasified gas for cooking is of quite a few disadvantages not to be ignored such as dangers,expensiveness.It is proposed that the departments concerned should be careful of using such kind of technology while the dry distillation gas should be used for cooking
Relationships among cucumber stem, leaf growing and total effective temperature in self-controlled greenhouse
Yang Qiu-zhen, Li Jun
2000, 8(4): 4-6.
Abstract(1338) PDF(975)
Abstract:
Relationships among Holland cucumber stem, leaf growing and greenhouse climatic environment were studied. Results showed that total effective temperature of 12～25℃ was the important factor which had closest relations with growing process of cucumber stem and leaves. Stem and leaves growing was non-linear to temperature, 13 to 19 episode locality leaves requires least accumulated temperature which was less than half of field planting to 5th-leaf stage. The growth of a piece of leaf only requires 10.6～10.9℃,others 29.1℃ for field planting to 5th-leaf stage,15.3℃ for 5th to 10th-leaf stage,11.3℃ for 10th to 15th-leaf stage,10.82℃ for 15th to 20th-leaf stage,12.9℃for 20th to 15th-leaf stage. Each growth and development periods required almost invariable total effective temperature. Under Shanghai climatic conditions,temperature changed method was suggested to increase yield and decrease costs in greenhouse cucumber production.
Relationships among the length,perimeter increasing of cucumber fruit and climatic factors in selfcontrolled greenhouse
Yang Qiu-zhen, Li Jun, Li Yu-min
2000, 8(4): 7-10.
Abstract(1105) PDF(994)
Abstract:
Relationships among the length,perimeter increasing of Holland cucumber fruit and climatic environment factors in self-controlled greenhouse were analyzed.Climatic factors affecting fruit's length and perimeter increasing velocity were pointed out. To adjust and control the climatic environment in greenhouse properly could increase yield and decrease cost.
Effect of meteorological conditions in self-controlled greenhouse on the yield of tomato
Wu Yuan-zhong, Li Yu-min
2000, 8(4): 11-13.
Abstract(1092) PDF(857)
Abstract:
The environment conditions and managements of fertilizer and water in Holland greenhouse which was recommended by Shanghai were controlled by computer.Based on two years' yield data of tomato and meteorological conditions,the relevant analysis was done.The results showed that the main factors influencing the tomato yield are irradiation,temperature difference and relative humidity under Shanghai weather conditions. It will help to improve modulation measures.
Effect of meteorological conditions in self-controlled greenhouse on sweet pepper yield
Li Jun, Yang Qiu-hen, Li Yu-min
2000, 8(4): 14-16.
Abstract(1144) PDF(675)
Abstract:
Based on the sweet pepper yield data in from 1996 to 1997 and meteorological data in the same period,mathematical statistical method was used to analyse the influence of the latter on the former.Favorable meteorological indexes were put forward.They were 14.5～15.0℃ of day minimum temperature of about a month after seeding,25.0～ 25.5℃ of day maximum temperature,400～450 mg/kg of CO2 density,50℃ of heating pipe temperature after seeding,60000～65000 lx of illumination of about 80 days after seeding,75% of relative humidity of about 10 days after seeding.
Photosynthetic numerical simulation of tomato production in self-controlled greenhouse
Wu Yuan-zhong, Li Yu-min
2000, 8(4): 17-19.
Abstract(979) PDF(901)
Abstract:
The response of photosynthetic ability of tomato plants to circumstance was measured using the Ciras instrument. The related parameters were determined by practical observation value and reference.By non-rectangular hyperbolic photosynthetic model the authors simulated the variation of net photosynthesis at different meteorological conditions in the Holland large greenhouse and discussed the modulating measures.
Impacts of climate change on forestry ecosystem
Ju Hui, Lin Er-da, Zhong Xiu-li
2000, 8(4): 20-22.
Abstract(1281) PDF(1062)
Abstract:
The influences of climate change on forestry geographic distribution,phenology,biodiversity,forestry structure,and productivity are expounded.The results show that the geographic distribution of main forest types changed mainly in the joint climate area,partly in appropriate chimate region.The vertical distribution of tree species probably may move to north and high altitude; the phonological dates may be prolonged or ahead of schedule,main species for plantation and rare species reduce in their optimal areas and new species move in.It is projected that the changing rate of net forest productivity will increase gradually from southeastern China to northwestern China, but the forest productivity patterns have no more change. Some main species structure is predicted to vary with global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the adaptation of the forest to climate change, planting trees and enlarging green areas,selecting species of resistance to arid,disease and pests.
Relationship between the rampancy of cucumber mosaic virus and the climate warming and countermeasures
Chen Ji-shuang, Chai Li-hong, Li Quan-sheng, Feng Ming-guang
2000, 8(4): 23-26.
Abstract(1350) PDF(1235)
Abstract:
Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),which is transmitted by over sixty species of aphids and infects over 1000 species of plants,has been processing a gradual severity in the past fifteen years.It is now the severest crop virus in China.Climate warming has played an important role on this phenomenon.Relationship between the rampancy of cucumber mosaic virus and the climate waring was analyzed,and countermeasure of disease-management which depends on agricultural and biological control measures was put forward.
Effect of frog-eye leaf spot on yield and quality of soybean
Wang Guang-hua, Liu Xiao-bing, Yang Shu-ping, Zhang Qiu-ying, Jin Jian
2000, 8(4): 27-30.
Abstract(1032) PDF(891)
Abstract:
The effects of soybean frog-eye leaf spot on yield and quality were investigated with different disease degrees in leaf,pod and seed infection.The results showed that this disease reduced yield mainly due to the reduction of leaf area,increase of respiration and decline of net photosynthetic rate.However,studies indicated that there was a positive relationship between seed relative protein content and seed diseases infected degree, and there was no significant effect on fat content.Both absolute seed protein content and fat content were significantly affected by seed disease degree.Some measures for controlling the disease were also proposed.
A monosomic analysis of the awness gene of wheat variety Gaoyou503
Wang Yan-mei, An Diao-guo, Wang Zhi-guo, Ji Jun
2000, 8(4): 31-33.
Abstract(1392) PDF(985)
Abstract:
A set of 21 monosomic of Chinese spring was used to cross with Gaoyou503.Through observation of the chromosome behaviors in root cells and in pollen mother cells and the character of awness of F1,it was found that there was a recessive gene of having awn on chromosome 2A of Gaoyou503.And another gene inhibiting the appearance of Spelta type spikes was also located on chromosome 5A(Just the same as Sears E.R.).
Current research on suitable mechanisms on different plant genotypes under phosphorous stress condition
Wang Yan, Li Xiao-lin, hang Fu-suo
2000, 8(4): 34-36.
Abstract(1900) PDF(1113)
Abstract:
One of the ways to increase phosphorous efficiency is to select new plant genotypes, which can achieve high yield in phosphorous stress condition. This article deals with the changes of plant root morphology,physiology and genetic characters in order to illustrate the mechanisms in low P condition and lay the foundation of selecting new plant genotypes in agriculture.
Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on efficient leaf area and grain yield of spring wheat
Zhang Xing-yi
2000, 8(4): 37-39.
Abstract(1155) PDF(932)
Abstract:
In the mutual actions of natural, adaptable,sufficient soil moisture and none,medium,high fertilizer application,the effects of soil water and fertilizer coupling on the efficient leaf area and grain yield of spring wheat are studied. The result shows that the efficient leaf area is positive correlation with fertilizer application level,the highest grain yield (3713kg/hm2) is obtained in appropriate soil water and high fertilizer application.
Integrated effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in high-yielding wheat field system
Zhang Xin-ming, Wu Wen-liang, Cui Ruo-li
2000, 8(4): 40-42.
Abstract(1111) PDF(904)
Abstract:
This study deals with the integrated effects of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate nitrogen accumulation in soil profile, yield and absorbed nitrogen of winter wheat in Huantai high-yielding wheat field system,Shandong Province.The results shown that under the condition of 150kg/hm2 of nitrogen fetilizer,nitrate nitrogen amount in 0～90cm soil layer after cutting wheat in June changed a little,as compared with that prior to sowing wheat.It was also shown that the nitrate nitrogen amount in 0～90cm layer with routine rate of nitrogen fertilizer 300kg/hm2 increased markedly,especially that in 60～90cm soil layer was raised from 10.3kg/hm2 to 50.2kg/hm2,which might result in the pollution of shallow ground water.Under the condition of field experiment,150kg/hm2 was recommended to be the rational nitrogen application rate,which could integrated yield and ecological profits.
The effect of N，P and variability of their use efficiency on winter wheat in the rainfed highland
Dang Ting-hui
2000, 8(4): 43-46.
Abstract(813) PDF(856)
Abstract:
The obvious effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on winter wheat in rainfed highland has been demonstrated by the long-term experiment,but this effect could change with varieties and years.Nitrogen use efficiency or phosphorus use efficiency not only had the clear change in different years,but decreased with increase of the amount of N or P applied in 1984～1995,nitrogen use efficiency was in 6.4%～58.6%,the coefficient of variability was 48.7%,phosphorus use efficiency was in 3.7%～19.8%,the coefficient of variability was 39.5% on Changwu-131 wheat.During 1996～1998，nitrogen use efficiency was reduced from 42.9% to 25.4%,phosphorus use efficiency was reduced from 10.8% to 3.2% on Changwu-134 wheat while the amount of N or P2O5 was used from 45kg/hm2 to 180kg/hm2.Since the profit and use efficiency of fertilizers could not keep same step,evaluating that the fertilizer's benefit by fertilizer use efficiency had the big limitations in the rainfed region.By analyzing effect of N and P mutual promoting,it was showed that mixture applying of N and P was an effective way to improve nitrogen use efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency each other.
Effect of fertilizing structure on the change of organic matter and N,P and K nutrients in sand soil
Kou Chang-lin, Wang Qiu-jie, Wang Yong-qi, Wu Ji-cheng, Wang Heng-yu
2000, 8(4): 47-51.
Abstract(1174) PDF(792)
Abstract:
Through long-term fertilizing experiment in sand soil,the effects of different fertilizing structures on crop yield and the changes of organic matter and N,P and K nutrients in sand soil were analyzed. The results showed that wheat yield decreased to 21.1%～34.3% and maize yield increased to 155.9%～209.7% by solely applying of nitrogen fertilizer,wheat yield increased to 29.3%～39.7% and maize yield decreased to 50.4%～63.0% by solely applying phosphorus fertilizer,but they were increased by 3.43～5.79 times and 3.04～4.23 times respectively by coordinate application of N with P fertilizer.Manure significantly raised crop yield and nutrient content of soil,but no matter nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer were solely or coordinately applied,organic matter only kept at low level,furthermore,soil potassium was heavily consumed.Nitrogen was easy to move down to lower soil layer when nitrogen fertilizer was solely applied,whereas it was favorable to nitrogen to be maintained at upper soil bed as nitrogen fertilizer was coordinately fertilized with phosphate fertilizer.The coordinate application of manure with nitrogen fertilizer or with nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer was optimum fertilizing structure.
Effects of water deficit on cotton growth,physiology and yield
Pei Dong, Zhang Xi-ying, Kang Ru
2000, 8(4): 52-55.
Abstract(1004) PDF(841)
Abstract:
Results of pot experiments showed that water deficit affected the height,buds,bulls falling and quantity of productive bulls of cotton.Severe water deficit at seedling stage and wadding stage,medium water deficit at buds and bolls stage can be propitious to cotton yield.The threshold value of soil water contents for photosynthesis and stomatal resistance is about 14%(θg),i.e.,60%～65% of field capacity.The lower limits of soil moisture for rational deficit irrigation scheduling to cotton at its different growth stages are 55%～60%,65%,70% and 50%～55% of field capacity at seedling,buds,bolls and wadding stages,respectively.
Study on utilization and movement of farmland water of half-humid inclined to dry areas in Ningxia
Zhou Tao, Hui Kai-ji, Hu Hua
2000, 8(4): 56-59.
Abstract(1295) PDF(776)
Abstract:
The soil water movement law of farmland,water utilization situation of main crops,water regime affecting crops growth and utilization of rainfall resources were analyzed.It is thought that the dry and water deprivation restricted agricultural production in half-humid inclined to dry areas of Ningxia.Developing the production potentiality of rainfall and increasing the water use effeciency of crops in the areas are key measures to improve agricultural productivities.
Techniques of redistributing water and increasing yield on Loess Plateau
Peng Ke-shan
2000, 8(4): 60-63.
Abstract(1119) PDF(766)
Abstract:
Based upon the fact that rainfall is 250～600mm,run off 13.7 billion cubic meter,water resource 484.58m3 per person on Loess Plateau,several redistributing water measures including the building up fertilizer, ratation cropping,drought-resistant breeding,intermittent fallow,run-off agriculture,irrigation and chemical techniques were expounded.It provides a theoretical basis for the development of water-saving agriculture.
The water-saving measures in Hetao irrigated district and the sustainable agricultural development of the lower reaches of the Huanghe River
Lin Jing, Sun Xu, Bu he
2000, 8(4): 64-66.
Abstract(1298) PDF(963)
Abstract:
The Hetao irrigated district draw water from the Huanghe River over 1.87 billion cubic meter per year which is one of important cause of the Huanghe River dring up.There are some measures of saving water and saving water potential in the irrigated district.Water proof layers of canals would save water by 2.2 billion cubic meter per year,improving irrigated type would save water 10%,building farmland-shelter forest would save water by 0.147 billion cubic meter per year,reusing the escape canal water would save water by 0.3 billion cubic meter per year.
Preliminary discussion on the distribution of agricultural resources and sustainable agriculture development pattern in saline region around Bohai Sea
Liu Xiao-jing, Tian Kui-xiang
2000, 8(4): 67-70.
Abstract(1626) PDF(856)
Abstract:
The distribution features of agricultural resources and economic development situation in saline region around Bohai Sea to the east of Grand Canal in Cangzhou City were analyzed.The distribution of agricultural resources including climate,water resource,land area,saline soil,bio-resources etc. from Bohai Sea to Grand Canal has specific trend,so the strategy for the reclamation of saline soils should be based on the rule of agricultural resource and economic development. the sustainable and high efficient development pattern of agriculture in this region are specific agriculture,high quality agriculture and high yield agriculture.
Optimum utilization of soil resource and sustainable agricultural development--A case study from Nanping City of Fujian Province
Shen Qin-lin, Pan Min-fang, Chen Lan-xiang
2000, 8(4): 71-74.
Abstract(1433) PDF(1076)
Abstract:
The conception of optimum utilization of soil resource and sustainable development of agriculture,the basic goal of the optimum utilization of soil resource and the problem in the current utilization of soil resource were expounded. Based on the practice of agriculture production and scientific research in recent year,the six basic ways including the high production,high efficiency,high quality,stereoscopic,complexity and installations in the utilization of soil resource were put forward. It provides a base for the sustainable development of agriculture.
Ways for sustainable agricultural development in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province
Ma Qi-jun, Zhang Xi-ying, Liu Ming-jun, Zhang Guang-lu, Dong Wen-xu
2000, 8(4): 75-78.
Abstract(1368) PDF(872)
Abstract:
The agricultural structure should be adjusted to favor the grassland construction in Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province based on analysis of the climatic and natural characters as well as the current status of agricultural production.The intensive management and the increasing input are important way in improving the yield of grass based on field experiments results.
A study on sustainable utilization of eco-agricultural resources in wet-land of Dongting Lake
Dong Ming-hui
2000, 8(4): 79-82.
Abstract(1319) PDF(808)
Abstract:
This paper analyses the wet-land resources characteristics and present conditions of agricultural exploitation,making function evaluation to ecological agricultural resources in wet-land of Dongting Lake.Based on the characteristics of circular soild landscape in wet-land round basin,i.e. concentric circles shape，lake basin central belt,lake edge middle ring belt,outer circles ring belt,many ecological agriculture models that adjust to the exploitation of ring belt wet-land resources are discussed,so as to reach the good of protecting wet-ecology,sustainable utilization of wet-land resources and attaching importance to ecological and economic benefits.
Pondering on the eco-environment construction in Hunan Province
Huang Dao-you, Peng Ting-bai, Chen Hui-ping, Zou Yong-xia, Liu Qin-yun
2000, 8(4): 83-86.
Abstract(1214) PDF(923)
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of eco-environment problems limiting sustainable development of agriculture in Hunan Province,the tasks and measures of eco-environment construction on the system construction of water resource control, comprehensive management of soil and water loss, construction of higheffective eco-forestry as well as construction of eco-agriculture and so forth, were put forward.
Courtyard planting, micro-irrigation technique and eco-agriculture
Zhang Zu-xin
2000, 8(4): 87-89.
Abstract(1352) PDF(968)
Abstract:
Ecological type courtyard economy has many patterns which cannot develop without courtyard planting industry and irrigation technique. Courtyard planting needs irrigation with saving-water. The ecological benefits and environmental problems depending on the micro-irrigation technique and courtyard planting were expounded in this paper.It provides effective technological measures for developing courtyard economy and using scattered water-soil resources.
Courtyard planting mushroom fungus-huge protein resources
Wang Bao-yi
2000, 8(4): 90-92.
Abstract(1079) PDF(884)
Abstract:
Edible fungi has nourishing and hygienical function,and it is huge protein resource.The developing situation, prospect and producing technique of edible fungi in China were expounded. It was pointed out that courtyard planting mushroom fungus has good economic benefits.
The technique popularization and benefit analysis of eco-breeding pattern in Xi′an of Liaoning Province
Dong Shu-ping
2000, 8(4): 93-94.
Abstract(1391) PDF(953)
Abstract:
The contents of technique popularization, social and economic benefits as well as environmental effects of eco-breeding pattern were expounded. It was pointed out that the pattern has developing prospect.
Massively developing ecological agriculture to welcome the challenge after the country's entry to WTO
Lin Wen-xiong
2000, 8(4): 95-98.
Abstract(1093) PDF(796)
Abstract:
In the premise to understand well the background of the new phase that agricultural and rural economic development of China has entered the strategic readjustment,the meaning,the target and the way to develop modern ecological agriculture were interpreted in this paper based on Fujian's ecological and environmental status.It was pointed out that the main problems urgent to be solved presently are to improve policy and administrative system,and to adapt the trend of modernization development in farming scale,productive base,agro-enterprise and its industrialization to eco-agricultural technology and the innovation of the system.
2000, 8(4): 99-101.
Abstract(926) PDF(895)
Abstract:
Implementing countermeasure of sustainable development strategy of China in the 21 century
Li Bing-yan
2000, 8(4): 102-105.
Abstract(1275) PDF(901)
Abstract:
The targets,characteristics and implementing countermeasures of sustainable development strategy in China were expounded.It was pointed out that we must strengthen the consciousness of sustainable development,establish the property system and comprehensive management mechanism,change the traditional style of economic growth and promote the fundamental transformation of development strategy in China.

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