中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Eco-economics will have a big development in China in the 21 century

TENG Teng

2001, 9(1): 1-2.

Abstract(986) PDF(989)

Abstract:
The developing history of eco-economics and its functions in eco-economic construction and ustainable development in China have been reviewed．In order to further promote development of eco-economics in China，the research direction of eco-economics is put forward．

西部大开发建设绿色家园

ZHU Jun-Feng

2001, 9(1): 1-6.

Abstract(9395) PDF(974)

Abstract:

通过对我国西部地区基本情况的考察，分析了西部地区生态环境恶化的原因。指出过度开垦、过度放牧、过度樵采、水资源利用不当、工矿交通城镇建设发展过快、天然林过量采伐、植被破坏等是西部地区生态环境恶化的主要因素。根据不同地区的自然条件，提出了西部地区生态环境建设的对策和建议，诸如停止采伐天然林，加快造林绿化，退耕还林，加强水土保持，控制荒漠化等，为西部大开发，建设绿色家园指出有效途径。

The ecological era has come to the earth of China

SHI Shan

2001, 9(1): 3-5.

Abstract(1081) PDF(1112)

Abstract:
Two strategic tasks of the second 50 years in China has been advanced.It is pointed out that a new way of economic construction has been explored, and the ecological era has come to the earth of China. It is emphasized that controlling population and building mountainous region are important problems to be solved in ecological era.

Further create a new situation of ecological demonstration area's construction in China

ZHU Guang-Yao

2001, 9(1): 6-8.

Abstract(1330) PDF(1293)

Abstract:
The marked success of ecological demonstration area's construction and its working focal points in the days to come are expounded. It is put forward that great efforts must be made for eco-environmental protection in developing west part of China and leadership must be strengthened for implementing each tasks of ecologic protection.

Studies on the sandy desertification in China

WANG Tao, ZHU Zhen-Da

2001, 9(1): 7-12.

Abstract(1183) PDF(1397)

Abstract:
Studies on the sandy desertification in China has experienced 50 years of hard groping course along with the development and utilization of natural resources in the arid and semiarid regions,having made very important contribution to the national economic construction, environmental protection and China desert science formation and development.During last 5 decades,considerable achievements have been made in desertification study including background of natural and human impacts on the process of desertification,dynamic and biological processes of desertification and its restoration mechanism, monitoring and assessment on desertification,landscape ecology and plant stress physiology,highly efficient utilization and sustainable development of water and land resources and renovating model and technology for combating desertification.The author also discusses the major scientific issue,content and object of future study on the process of desertification and its control in the North China in the paper.

A study on water cycle in agro-ecosystem and relationship between crops and water

XIE Xian-Qun

2001, 9(1): 9-12.

Abstract(1508) PDF(1240)

Abstract:
Based on the network researches of the relationship between water cycle and crop productivity of agro-ecosystem in different ecological type regions in China,the water requirement and consumption characteristics of some crops (wheat,corn,soybean,etc.),crop water use efficiency(WUE) and the crop-water productivity function were investigated.The results showed that there were great improvements in relationship between water and crops in different optimized agro-ecosystem models.The water used by crops was saved,yield and water use efficiency of crops were increased.

Effects of soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer on root growth of corn

LI Yang-Yang, LIU Wen-Zhao

2001, 9(1): 13-15.

Abstract(1619) PDF(1468)

Abstract:
The effects of soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer on root growth(root length,weight and root/shoot ratio) of corn are studied with simulated field plot experiment.Results indicate that the application of nitrogen fertilizer makes total root length,surface(0～20cm) root length,root weight increase and root/shoot ratio decrease at the stage of shooting and flowering under both soil moistures.Although nitrogen fertilizer could increase total and surface root length under both soil moistures at the stage of grain-filling,but it decreases root weight and root/shoot ratio under watered soil,while it has no effect on root weight and root/shoot ratio under dry soil.Root/shoot ratio is closely related with N uptake and distribution.

Preliminary research on the sand storm disaster in China

ZHANG Yu-Xing, LIAO Ya-Ping

2001, 9(1): 13-15.

Abstract(1059) PDF(989)

Abstract:
When new century comes up,sand storm,raise dust and floating dust weather have happened twelve times in Beijing, bringing great response.According to the 67773 item records of sand storm from the Chinese weather stations during last fifty years after new nation established,it is shown that the sand storm of appearance covers a large region,but the Northwest of China is the center of disaster,it is similar to desertification land distribution.Before 1970 sand storm frequency increased but human didn't pay attention to that because of weak realization of ecoenvironment. From 1970 to 1980 sand storm was the highest frequency,from 1980 to 1990 sand storm frequency in the limited areas had been decreased and the strength reduced.But with regional economy growing,sand storm brings a significent economical loss.The vegetation construction and the environment improvement will give large functions to the decrease of sand storm disaster.

Characteristics of nitrogen leaching of rice-wheat rotation field in Taihu Lake area

WANG De-Jian, LIN Jing-Hui, XIA Li-Zhong

2001, 9(1): 16-18.

Abstract(1676) PDF(1244)

Abstract:
A lysimeter experiment was conducted in Taihu Lake area to study nitrogen leaching of rice-wheat rotation under different nitrogen application rates.The results showed that nitrogen was leached away mainly in the form of NO^-₃-N,not NH⁺₄-N,and it occurred in the wheat growing stage.Of the total nitrogen leached,43%～72% was NO^-₃-N with a concentration range from 20 to 110 mg/kg.Nitrogen content in the solution and loss from leaching increased gradually with fertilizer applications.The amount of total NO^-₃-N loss from tested land was17.8～58.5kg/hm²,its average loss was 39.2kg/hm² and net NO^-₃-N loss was 5.5～40.7kg/hm²,which accounted for 3.7%～12.2% of total fertilizer applied.Compared with using fertilizer only,straw combined fertilizer can reduce the nitrogen leaching while fertilizer combined manure can increase the nitrogen leaching in soil.Except for few samples taken at early rice growing stage,the concentrations of NO^-₃-N and NO⁺₄-N in leaching from rice field were 1mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg,which were lower than those from the wheat field.

Taking the way of developing the urbanization for promoting the ecologilization in developing Northwest China

SHEN Chang-Jiang

2001, 9(1): 16-18.

Abstract(892) PDF(1179)

Abstract:
The author considers that the main cause of environments worsened year by year, according to the author's survey and investigation in the arid regions,is the people's unrational behavior and activity. Therefore, to rationalize the population distribution and to standardize the people's behavior and activity are necessary. For this reason, the suggestion using the urbanization to drive the ecologilization is put forward in developing Northwest China. In this way, it could be unified the benefits among environment, economy and society, and to guarantee the environmental construction and economic development in the future. The author has recommended the Australian practice to be used for reference in the Northwestern China and to suggest that two regions, the plain region of northern foot of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region could be listed as the priority region for experiment.

On the nitrate-N accumulated characteristics in deep soil layer of winter wheat field in Taihang Piedmont

HU Chun-Sheng, CHENG Yi-Song, GAO Lu, LI Yan-Dong

2001, 9(1): 19-20.

Abstract(1213) PDF(917)

Abstract:
Nitrogen leaching of farmland is one of the important way of nitrogen loss.By sampling soil solution and analyzing its content of nitrate-N, nitrate-N accumulated characteristics in different N treatments in 40～220cm soil layer are studied. The results showed that the different N treatments affected greatly nitrateN accumulation in different soil layers. soil nitrate-N has highly accumulated in 80cm and 140～160cm layer and has an increasing trend of N accumulation in winter season. There is a linear correlation between nitrate-N a ccumulation in different layers and N input. Superfluous N input would arise N accumulating in deep soil and losing.

Ecoenvironment problems and their countermeasures in developing West China

DONG Suo-Cheng

2001, 9(1): 19-21.

Abstract(884) PDF(2882)

Abstract:
Practices have proved that we cannot pursue economic benefits by the cost of environment, neither can ignore economic development only focusing on environment construction in West China's development. It is a difficult problem all over the world to coordinate the relationship between environment construction and economic development. Based on the background of the West China's exploitation, the ecoenvironment problems and their sticking points are analyzed, and corresponding countermeasures in West development are proposed.

Effect of the factors of soil water and fertilizers on yield of spring corn in horqin sandy land

ZHANG Tong-Hui, CUI Jian-Yuan, ZHAO Ha-Lin, ZHAO Xue-Yong

2001, 9(1): 21-22.

Abstract(1159) PDF(969)

Abstract:
The relationship between the corn yield and the soil water content, the application amounts of nitrogen and phosphate were studied by the general regressive method of rotary combination design. The results showed that the amounts of nitrogen and the soil water content are the sensitive factors for increasing corn grain yield. If the soil water content, the amounts of N is 66.6%,59.4g/m² respectively, the highest corn yield will be 1.13kg/m² under the experimental condition.The relationship between the corn yield(X₂) and the soil water content(X₁)and amount of nitrogen(X₂) is as follows Y=4.1+0.54X₁+0.46X₂-0.23X₁X₂-0.24X²₁-0.16X²₂.

Theory and practice in program of ecological demonstrative area construction

WANG Jia-Ji, LI Jing-Rong, SU DE-Bilige, HE Ping

2001, 9(1): 22-24.

Abstract(1257) PDF(1112)

Abstract:
Construction of ecological demonstrative area was developed by Chinese government to promote sustainable development, and the activity winned the supports from different parts of the society. While compiling the construction program, it should be emphasized that sustainable development of economy, optimization of entire target, harmony between nature and human, and utilization of related theories in landscape ecology on large-scale environmental problems should provide an useful technical support for demonstrative projects. Meanwhile, application of 3S and ecological mapping techniques could strengthen the scientific intention of the program and improve feasibility of the programme.

Corn responds to interaction between soil moisture and fertilizer

SONG Yao-Xuan, XIAO Hong-Lang, FENG Jin-Chao

2001, 9(1): 23-24.

Abstract(1049) PDF(990)

Abstract:
The corn experiments of different soil moistures and nutrients in the north of Henan Province showed the fast growth period of corn is between shooting period and heading period, and the interaction between corn height or biomass and soil nutrient is complicated. The constitution of corn biomass is a ffected by soil moisture and nutrient. Relation between corn yield or water consumption of corn and water and fertilizer supply is quadratic curve. From the relation, the water consumption under the highest yield and most efficient water use conditions was got.

Movement of soil nutrient of wheat field in arid desert area

XIAO Hong-Lang, LI Tao, LIU Li-Chao

2001, 9(1): 25-27.

Abstract(828) PDF(789)

Abstract:
The movement characteristics of soil nutrient of wheat field in arid desert area were studied. The results showed that the soil nutrient content reduced to a lower level after one growth season of wheat, and it decreased stage by stage. Every stage was synchronous with irrigation. Therefore, irrigation mainly induced the decline of soil nutrient in the soil layer. Most infiltrated nutrient was accumulated in subsoil. When total irrigation water amount was increased from 649mm to 1998mm, nutrient amount utilized by wheat crop was de clined 42%(sandy soil) and 50%(multi-soil) respectively and the total consumption of soil nutrient was declined 40%(sandy soil) and 49%(multi-soil) respectively. Much soil nutrient moved to deep soil layer where crop could not take any nutrient when the irrigating amount was too large.

The application of social psychology in the ecological construction

ZHU Qi-Zhen

2001, 9(1): 25-27.

Abstract(959) PDF(1042)

Abstract:
Ecological and environmental problems can, to a large extent, be attributed to bad human behavior, so it is a problem not only of economy and technology but also of society, human psychology and behavior. Living in the traditional culture which contains rich ecological thoughts, Chinese people had shaped a social psychology of respecting and conforming to the nature, which correspondingly formed the relevant life style and mode of production. Thus they had ever kept a good relation with the nature for a long time. However, during the process of modernization, these naive ecological thoughts weakened a lot and those good behavior almost disappeared. For this reason, the research on human ecological psychology and behavior not only can help us to understand the influential mechanism of traditional social psychology on the ecoenvironment, but also is of great benefit to the formation of a reasonable modern ecological psychology and behavior. This article discusses how social psychology can influence the ecological construction from four aspects: the relation between human being and ecological environment, life style, social responsibility, ecological and environmental psychology. It was emphasized that the research on social psychology, especially ecological and environmental psycholoy cannot be ignored in the construction of ecoenvironment.

The relationship of soil nutrient cycling characteristics with productivity of terrace millet on hilly loess plateau

ZHENG Jian-Ying, ZHANG Xing-Chang, WU Rui-Jun, ZHAI Lian-Ning

2001, 9(1): 28-30.

Abstract(855) PDF(967)

Abstract:
The 7-years long-term fertilization experiment was conducted on newly built terrace in Ansai Comprehensive Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in hilly-gully loess plateau. Under different fertilization treatments the bio-yield, nutrient-absorbed amount, nutrient import and export amount of millet, soil nutrient dynamic changes were discussed in this paper.The results showed that the compound organic manure with chemical fertilizer could increase grain yield and biomass of millet,and the sequence of nutrient-absorbed amount was grain＞leaf＞chaff＞stem.It provides scientific basis for farming production and eco-environment construction in this area.

On the change of industrial economy and trend of knowledgezation and ecologilization of modern industrial structure

LIU Si-Hua

2001, 9(1): 28-30.

Abstract(1166) PDF(1167)

Abstract:
The change of industrial economy development is discussed. It is pointed out that the information technique and knowledge industry have occupied the leading position in modern economic activities, and become a foundation of developing national economy. The trend of knowledgezation and econologilization of modern industrial structure is expounded. The intension and expression of industrial structure softened and greening are also analyzed.

Green-Ampt model of non-uniform layered soil profile

HAN Yong-De, LUO Yi, YU Qiang, ZHANG Hai-Lin

2001, 9(1): 31-33.

Abstract(1200) PDF(1192)

Abstract:
The Green-Ampt model, formulas of infiltration rate and time under the condition of the layered soil profile were given in this paper. Both the equation and the continuity equation of soil water flow were used to simulate a field infiltration case and the simulated soil profiles were compared. The result show that there existed a great difference between the soil profiles simulated by the Green-Ampt equation and the continuity equation, but the difference disappeared quickly after some hours of redistribution of soil moisture. This indicates that the Green-Ampt equation can simulate the soil moisture profile of infiltration for the long-term simulation of soil moisture dynamics. Especially, when the infiltration water amount is available only, it is more advantageous than other methods.

The influence of disturbance by humans on biodiversity

FAN Zheng-Qiu, CHEN Lu-Zhen, LI Zhen-Ji

2001, 9(1): 31-34.

Abstract(1151) PDF(2083)

Abstract:
The influence of disturbance by humans on biodiversity is discussed from the aspects of fragmentation of landscape, history of conservancy, dispersal mechanism and population size to provide more effective methods for protecting biodiversity and restoring ecological environment. Generally intermediate levels of disturbance promote higher biodiversity. The results of studies from the effects of disturbance on the higher plants growing in the Castanopsis eyrei forests in Wuyishan national nature reserve showed that the index of species richness of higher plants in the disturbed forest was 76.32% higher more than that in the closing stable forest, whereas the community dominance index (C) of the disturbed forest was excessively lower than the C of the closing stable forest. According to these results, we proposed that the increase of species diversity is an adapting manner for the ecosystem to disturbing and a stratagy of ecosystem to recover the stability. The high levels of disturbance will not only lead to reduced diversity, but also restrain the reconstitution of the ecosystem. In the course of organisms evolving and adapting, many species, such as the Coptis chinensis and the Coptis chinensis var.brevisepala,due to their generalization or specialization of niches, only are confined to a narrow habitats where local populations have become extinct. Other species distributing sparsely, such as the Camellia chekiangoleosa, Rubus pinnatisepalus, and some species of Goodyera, Lasianthus and Ardisia, are also vulnerable to extinction when their ranges become smaller and smaller or their habitats change. Older communities in evolutionary time scales or being protected have more species than younger ones.The subtropical rain forest in Hexi, Fujian, China, where the forests have being protected at least 700 years, is rich in higher plants. Other subtropical rain forest in Dinghushan and surrounding area of Hexi contains fewer species in this same zone. Many species, which dispersed by animals, are in danger of extinction by loss of animals diversity or change of habitats. Some species can reach to new area, but cannot complete their life history effectively. The living things with small local population size are vulnerable to extinction.

Primary investigation on the relationship between the crop water stress index and the soil moisture

ZHAO Cheng, LUO Yi, YUAN Guo-Fu, YU Qiang

2001, 9(1): 34-36.

Abstract(1105) PDF(2428)

Abstract:
Crop water stress index(CWSI) is widely used in determinating irrigation time but seldom in determinating irrigation water amount. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the CWSI and the soil moisture and the possibility of using it to determinate the irrigation water amount. Analysis of the CWSI of the different irrigation treatment plots indicated that CWSI increased with the decrease of soil water content and showed variations caused by fluctuation of the weather factors. The correlation coefficient of CWSI to soil moisture content was only 0.54. This indicates that CWSI may not be used reliably for determinnating the irrigation amount.

Basic principles of restoration ecology and ecological engineering of degraded ecosystem

LIN Yong, ZHANG Wan-Jun, WU Hong-Qiao, WANG Xin-Guo

2001, 9(1): 35-37.

Abstract(1369) PDF(1333)

Abstract:
The major fields of restoration ecology such as the monitoring, simulation and prediction of ecosystem digression,key technologies of degraded ecosystem restoration, ecosystem structure and function optimalization, etc. are put forward. In addition,some principles of restoration ecology including the theories of disturbance control, ecosystem succession, inter-species relation, landscape structure and function are dealt with in this paper. Finally, some advices on how to apply these principles to degraded ecosystem are given.

Crop water production function under dynamic optimal management of fertilizer supply

LIU Wen-Zhao, SU Min, XU Xuan-Bin, LI Yang-Yang

2001, 9(1): 37-39.

Abstract(1241) PDF(1042)

Abstract:
Crop water production functions, including the type of water supply and the type of water consumption, under dynamic optimal management of fertilizer supply were derived from the water and fertilizer experiment of corn.The relations among the corn yield,water use efficiency,water consumption,and waetr supply were analyzed by the index of water consumption production elasticity.In addition,the function under dynamic fertilizer supply and the function under general fertility level were compared and analyzed.It was pointed out that the crop water production function in different year-types was difference,and it still needs a deeper study.

Analysis of the groundwater level change in Taihang Piedmont-A case study from Luancheng County

ZHANG Yong-Qiang, LIU Chang-Ming, SHEN Yan-Jun

2001, 9(1): 38-40.

Abstract(969) PDF(845)

Abstract:
We find that the average declining quantity of groundwater level is 0.7 meter per year through analyzing change process of the groundwater level in Taihang Piedmont. The season-changing quantity and the season-resuming quantity changed little in 1980's and increased very quickly in 1990's. Relationship between the precipitation and the declining quantity of the groundwater is highly linear correlation and the correlation coefficient is 0.7798. When yearly precipitation increases 100 millimeters, the groundwater level will ascend 0.66 meter. Only if water-saving agricultural system is constructed, and only if integrative management of forestry ecology is reinforced, then the situation that groundwater level is declined gradually can be controlled.

Effect of the water change on the agricultural production and its countermeasures in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

WU Kai, Tang Deng-Yin, XIE Xian-Qun

2001, 9(1): 40-42.

Abstract(975) PDF(1023)

Abstract:
The distributions of time and space and the yield-increasing benefits of waterdiverting irrigation from the Huanghe River in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain were briefly researched. The amount of water-diverting was 10.78 billion m³ at the lower reaches of the river from 1990 to 1995. The yield-incr easing benefit of the irrigation was 2650kg/hm² for grain, and 558kg/hm² for cotton in the area from 1992 to 1996. The frequency and the effect of absence of flow in the river were analyzed. The accumulative water-off days were 392 days for Luokou Station and 859 days for Lijin Station from 1990 to 1998. The countermeasures of agricultural water management in the area where water resources are deficient were inquired into, that consist of the effects of the different water supply projects on the agricultural production, the region regulations of the grain production patterns and the measures of the developing resources and reducing expenditure for agricultural water management.

Benefit analysis of irrigation experiment of slope-separated terrace on Loess plateau area of Southern Ningxia Province

LI Qing-He, LI Chang-Zhe, LI Ya-Jun, SUN Li-Da

2001, 9(1): 41-43.

Abstract(1062) PDF(975)

Abstract:
We have conducted the research on the irrigation benefit, and set up the following experiments including slope runoff experiment, soil moisture content observation experiment, runoff-collecting experiment, water-saving irrigation experiment in the Xiji County of Ningxia. Then irrigation benefits were analysed with the observed data. The result indicates that the slope-separated terrace has the following benefits: retaining the runoff and sediment, preserving the moisture, increasing the soil moisture content, improving the soil nutrient and crop yield, etc., and the area ratio of the terrace to slope was put forward. It provides the essential theoretical foundation for the water-collecting irrigation of dry farm on Loess plateau.

Water characteristics of typical wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain

WANG Yi-Yong, YANG Qing, LIU Zhen-Qian

2001, 9(1): 43-45.

Abstract(1002) PDF(1079)

Abstract:
According to the field experiments and the climate data in Sanjiang Plain wetland,the profit and loss of soil water in soybean field were analyzed.The results showed that the natural rainfall could meet the needs of soybean water consumption in normal years and the growth of soybean would suffer from water stress in arid season.The seasonal drought has taken place here frequently in recent years.So it is very important to study water balance and effective utilization of regional water resources.

Effect of alternative watering in vertical profile on corn growth

SHI Wen-Juan, KANG Shao-Zhong

2001, 9(1): 44-46.

Abstract(1039) PDF(1025)

Abstract:
Under the condition of control test,by cultivation in pots containing soil,with corn as material, a new water-saving technology named the Control Root-splited Alternative Irrigation(CRAI) was studied. The treatments consisted of Surface Irrigation(SI),Low Irrigation(LI) and CRAI. The period of irrigation was 3 d,5 d,7 d.The watering amount is the same with the same irrigation method.The result showed that CRAI could stimulate root growth and make root distribution uniform in the vertical profile,and root activity was increased.Besides,corp growth of CRAI with 5 d was more improved better than that of SI with 3 d and water use efficiency was increased by 26%. Although no difference was found between the crop growth of CRAI with 7 d and that of SI with 5 d,WUE was improved by 20%.

Analysis on water-adjustment capacity of black soil in the farmland

MENG Kai, ZHANG Xing-Yi, SUI Yue-Yu

2001, 9(1): 46-48.

Abstract(1083) PDF(984)

Abstract:
Water-adjustment of black soil in the farmland has a function to adjust crop water-demand during their growing stage. Water-adjustment capacity of black soil in the farmland is determined both by rainfall and water demand of crops during their growing stage. Time of water-adjustment by the soil mainly occurs in early stage of crop growing.Amount of water-adjustment by the soil accounts for 70% of crop water-consumption.A depth of water-adjustment by the soil is from 0 to 100cm,accounting for 80% of the total.The peak water-consumption stage of spring wheat and soybean is in the middle and late growth periods, and water-consumption mainly depends on rainfall. The peak water-consumption stage of corn is in the middle growth periods, and water-consumption mainly depends on rainfall too.

Preliminary studies on allelopathic potential in rice

HE Hua-Qin, LIN Wen-Xiong(

2001, 9(1): 47-49.

Abstract(1614) PDF(1262)

Abstract:
Experiments of allelopathic potential in six lines of rice indicated that the order inhibiting the barnyardgrass growth was “Woo Co Chin Yu”>“Kouketsumuchi”>“AC1423”>“CN-15”>“Taichung Native 1”>“YH-1”.Increasing the extract concentrations might cause higher inhibitory effect on the barnyardgrass. It also indicated that the phytotoxicity was density-dependent,showing that the inhibitory effect decreased with the increases of the weed density.Such a result was contrary to the effect of resource competition.

Effects of soil moisture on photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of rape in different leaf positions

MAO Ming-Ce, GUO Dong-Wei, LIANG Yin-Li

2001, 9(1): 49-51.

Abstract(1511) PDF(1197)

Abstract:
The difference of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn),transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) of rape in different leaf positions on stem was observed under different soil moistures. It was found that net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency decreased with the drop of leaf position. Under the water stress,net photosynthetic rate showed an increasing trend but not significant and transpiration rate decreased while water use efficiency increased significantly. The difference of net photosynthetic rate between the upper leaves and the lower one s was great and the difference of transpiration rate between the upper leaves and the lower ones was not significant. Under the condition of full irrigation, the transpiration rate increased, and net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency decreased.Transpiration rate was higher in upper and lower leaf positions,lower in middle leaf position.According to determination, under the condition of drought and full irrigation the biomass of single plant rape was 37.45g and 38.76g respectively. Drought leads to drop of rape biomass. Water stress could increa se the water use efficiency. Under the condition of full irrigation, the transpiration rate of leaf was higher, this may be the result of stomatic behaviour.

Mycorrhizal dependence of Cucurbitaceae vegetables to Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

MENG Xiang-Xia, LI Min, LIU Min, LIU Run-Jin

2001, 9(1): 50-51.

Abstract(1246) PDF(1053)

Abstract:
Mycorrhizal dependence(MD)of five vegetables in Cucurbitaceae to two Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Gigaspora rosea (Gi.r) was investigated under green house conditions.Results showed that the growth,leaf area,photosynthetic rate and dry mass were significantly enhanced and the stomatal resistance was reduced by the fungi,with the order of MD of the vegetables being cucumber>watermelon>balsam pear>bottle gourd>squash.There was a positive correlation between MD and infecting rate. Its linear regression equation is:y =117.19+0.7468x.

Study on the uncertainties of methods and precision of net radiation flux measurement

SUN Xiao-Min, ZHU Zhi-Lin, ZHANG Ren-Hua, WANG Geng-Chen, LIU Guang-Ren

2001, 9(1): 52-54.

Abstract(953) PDF(1158)

Abstract:
More and more scientists are conscious of the uncertainties of net radiation flux measurements.It has relation not only to the measuring method,but also to the calibrating and maintaining methods of radiometers,especially long-wave radiometer.In this paper,two common measuring methods,which are net pyrradiometer measurement (NPM) and 4-way component system measurement (4CSM) were used to contrast in the fields.The results show that there are uncertainties in error between two measurements,and its precision changes with time and weather condition.Temperature change and unconsistency of windshield penetrant light spectrum of pyrradiometer are reasons on uncertainty of pyrradiometer.

Relationship between community of soil mites and environmental factors in farmland

ZHENG Chang-Ying, HU Dun-Xiao, LI Wei-Jiong

2001, 9(1): 52-53.

Abstract(1241) PDF(972)

Abstract:
The relationship between community of soil mites and environmental factors was studied in farmland of experement station. The species and quantity of soil mites was increased with increasing soil nutrients,but decreased with increasing soil bulk density and pH.Soil porosity and aeration got well,furrow layer incrassated,the organic matter increased and there were more species and quantity of soil mites in the plots which have used EM compost for a long time.

Structural characteristics of effective vegetation for preventing soil erosion

WANG Han-Sheng, LIU Guo-Bin, WANG Qing-Ning

2001, 9(1): 54-56.

Abstract(1037) PDF(1298)

Abstract:
On the analogy of structural elements of plant communities, it is shown that magnitude of community coverage or canopy closure isn't the adequate condition of an antierosive effective community because the community function of soil and water conservation is related to height of coverage layer, high coverage layer is unfavorable to soil and water conservation. Developing degree(coverage or thickness) of coverage layer close to ground is the ultimate essential characteristic and the adequate necessary condition of anti-erosive effective communities. It is also a key to soil and water conservation by vegetation that we promote the development of coverage layer close to ground or pay close attention to changes of it. So it is considered that soil and water conservation function of grass and shrub should be thought highly besides constructing forests in the Loess Plateau.

The benefit and prospect of farmland mulch on Loess Plateau

LIANG Yin-Li, ZHANG Cheng-E, GUO Dong-Wei

2001, 9(1): 55-57.

Abstract(1162) PDF(1149)

Abstract:
According to the water and calorific condition on Loess Plateau and the research results obtained,different mulch types such as straw mulch, plastic film mulch, biological mulch, etc.,their environmental and economical benefit of farmland mulch on Loess Plateau were introduced and the application prospect of farmland mulch on Loess Plateau was discussed.It was pointed out that the farmland mulch could raise soil moisture content,increase temperature of plough layer, improve soil fertility, reduce soil and water loss, and promote crop growth.It was put forward that biological mulch,plastic film mulch and straw or stubble mulch should be applied extensively on Loess Plateau.

Effects of mine tailings in the zinc and lead mine wasteland on seedling ecesis of Leucaena glauca

ZHANG Cui-Jun

2001, 9(1): 57-59.

Abstract(986) PDF(816)

Abstract:
The effects of mine tailings in the Pb and Zn mine wasteland on seedling ecesis of Leucaena glauca are studied. The results showed that heavy metals Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd are stored in the mine tailings of zinc and lead mine wasteland. Absorbing capacity and concentrating volume of seedling to heavy metals were bigger, and content in the root was highest. Contents of the nitric and ammoniacal nitrogen stored in the mine tailings are lower. The seedling of Leucaena glauca could be grown in the environment, but it impaired development and growth. The plant dry weight of biomass was lowered, plant height changed short, complex leaves were decreased in number, pigment content of photosynthetic biomembranes was reduced. First of all, owing to heavy metal content is highest, activity of the root system reduced, restricting plant to absorb water and nitrogen. Effects of the soil infertile is second.

The basic scientific problem of wetland agriculture in the Sanjiang Plain

YANG Qing, LU Xian-Guo, WANG Yi-Yong

2001, 9(1): 58-60.

Abstract(1066) PDF(1159)

Abstract:
Wetland is a natural complex,i.e. a transitional zone between land and sea. Wetland agriculture is an agricultural activity carried out in concentrative distribution areas of wetlands in large areas. The Sanjiang Plain is an important concentrative distribution area with high biodiversity. One crop farming production model has not meet the need of present wetland agriculture production. The character of wetland of Sanjiang Plain was analyzed and the measures of sustainable agriculture development were put forward.These measures include to protect the landscape, build the micro-wetland region and fully using the biotic resources of wetland.

Subsoil stress and adaptation of plant roots

SHEN Jian-Bo, ZHANG Fu-Suo, MAO Da-Ru

2001, 9(1): 60-63.

Abstract(1108) PDF(1000)

Abstract:
The physical, chemical and biological properties of subsoil and its nutrient resource characteristics were systematically analyzed. The direct or indirect impact of subsoil on root growth was discussed. Effect of plant roots growth on the property of subsoil was explored. The methods for improving subsoil included conventional and biological amelioration. The effect of biological drilling on subsoil amelioration and its affecting factors were discussed. To utilize plant adaptation and resistance to subsoil stress and to select the stressresistance cultivar by genetic engineering were the effective approach to sustainable amelioration of subsoil. These related studies can contribute to putting the subsoil resource to rational use and exploitation,to increasing potential to agricultural production,and developing sustainable agriculture.

Characteristics of nutrient balance of different cropping systems in paddy field of red earth

ZHOU Wei-Jun, WANG Kai-Rong, XIE Xiao-Li

2001, 9(1): 61-63.

Abstract(1063) PDF(851)

Abstract:
The characteristics of nutrient balance of 4 kinds of cropping systems were studied in paddy field systems of red earth in northern Hunan. The results show that the sequence of nutrient output of N, P and K is the cropping system of rice-rice-rape＞ the cropping system of rice-rice-rape(green manure)＞the cropping system of rice-rice-green manure＞the cropping system of rice-rice. The N surplus of the cropping system of rice-rice-green manure is 18.4kg/hm²·a,which is the biggest among 4 kinds of cropping systems. N nutrient of the cropping system of rice-rice-rape(green manure) is basically balanced. The cropping system of rice-rice shows the N deficit. The N deficit in the cropping system of rice-rice-rape is up to 38.9kg/hm²·a,which is the biggest. P and K of 4 kinds of cropping systems all show deficient, but the cropping system of rice-rice-rape is the biggest, being 11.2kg/hm²·a and 118.7kg/hm²·a, respectively, and the cropping system of rice-rice-green manure is the smallest. Returning of organic matter of the cropping system of rice-rice-green manure is the biggest and favourable to accumulation of organic matter, and return of organic matter of the cropping system rice-rice is the smallest and shows negative balance in organic matter.

Research of the comprehensive technologies on transformation and utilization of saline land in arid areas

WANG Ji-He, YANG Zi-Hui, HU Ming-Gui, LIU Hu-Jun, JI Yong-Fu

2001, 9(1): 64-66.

Abstract(750) PDF(825)

Abstract:
The saline land is a kind of important reserved cultivable land resource in China. In this process of the study, when digging gutter to reduce underground water level to the level less than critical level, we have used the comprehensive measures of farming, forestry and animal husbandry and have built a systematization pattern for transformation and utilization of saline land in arid areas. A set of controlling techniques for saline land was put forward, it includes digging gutter and afforestation to control underground water level lower than critical level,selecting salt tolerant crops to improve alkaline soil, and developing animal busbandry to build up fertilizer.Then we practised it on the saline land in Xiaoquanzi of Linze County. As was expected, the salinity in the soil decreased and the organic matter in the soil increased. As a result, the land productivity was improved highly and there was a notable economic benefit.

Balance and utilization of phosphorus in soil-plant system under conventional and organic farming condition

MENG Fan-Qiao, LI Guo-Xue, SHI Ya-Juan

2001, 9(1): 64-66.

Abstract(1307) PDF(1396)

Abstract:
The P forms,quantity and cycle approaches in natural ecosystem are summarized, and its sources, quantity,input and output approaches under conventional and organic farming condition are compared.Utilization efficiency of P and influencing factors are also analyzed. The research indicates that in organic farming system,there exists negative P balance because the input of P is lower and the output of P is nearly the same as conventional farming system,but the using efficiency of P is higher than that of conventional farming system. This makes a great significance for the positive environmental effect of P.

Study on the ecological analysis of genetic variation and ecological differentiation of Avicennia marina populations

LI Zhong-Bao, LIN Peng, LIN Yi-Ming

2001, 9(1): 67-70.

Abstract(1156) PDF(962)

Abstract:
Avicennia marina is mangrove plant. Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation were measured with the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in Avicennia marina populations.and climate and chemistry physical as characteristic of soils were analyzed in sampling sites of 5 Avicennia marian populations. The ecological analyses of genetic variation and ecological differentiation of Avicennia marina populations were studied. The environmental factors have a significant relation with 4 alleles including Aat-1A,Aat-1D，Me-1B，Me-1C,showing that the environmental factors which relate with the alleles have selective pressure on the 4 alleles,and the 4 alleles varied with the environmental factors.

The study on different wine-grapes absorbing and using potassium

GAO Yao-Ting, ZHOU Tao, WANG Shi-Rong

2001, 9(1): 67-69.

Abstract(879) PDF(930)

Abstract:
Water-culture experiment and field experiment are completed and the result shows that densities of medium of maximum accumulated dry masses are not equal, and density of red grapes(120μmol/L) is higher than that of white grapes(80μmol/L),and growth rate,utilization rate of potassium, density of potassium in plant and root/shoot ratio are remarkable diverse. The depending-rate of red grapes to potassius in soil is 53.1%～80.3%,and its potassium utilization rate is high. While the depending-rate of white grapes to potassium in soil is 56.5%～82.1% and its potassium utilization rate is low.Potassium can affect weight of plant,length of root,number of root,weight of a hundred grains,bearing branch, and increase the content of sugar and wine,and decrease acid degree.

Effects of phosphate application on phosphorus content and yield of Adsuki bean

ZHAO Ting-Ting, FENG Guang-Ming, LIU Shu-Xin

2001, 9(1): 70-71.

Abstract(1141) PDF(907)

Abstract:
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphate application on phosphorus absorption and yield of Adsuki bean in fluvo-aquic soil area. The results showed that effect of phosphate on yield was very significant and the maximum yield was obtained when the amount of phosphate application was 68.8kg/hm². Correlation between phosphorus content and yield reached a very significant level, its correlation coefficients were0.9375 and 0.7863 respectively during pod-setting and pod-filling stage and ripening stage. During the whole growing period, there was one phosphorus content peak in which about 10 days after flowering reached the maximum. The appropriate phosphorus contents before flower-beginning,flower-beginning to 20 days after blooming, 20 days after blooming later were 4.0mg/g, 4.4～4.8mg/g, 3.9～3.5mg/g respectively.Relation between the yield and the amount of phosphorus absorption was quadratic equation with 0.9823 determination coefficient.Correlation between the amount of phosphate application and amount of phosphorus absorbed reached a significant level and its correlation coefficient was 0.9644.

Change pattern,process and landscape ecological significance in ecotone of agriculture and grassland in north China

HOU Xiang-Yang

2001, 9(1): 71-73.

Abstract(1107) PDF(1206)

Abstract:
Proceeding from landscape ecology, the change pattern, process, dynamic mechanism and effects on regional agricultural development in ecotone of agriculture and grassland in north China were studied. The agricultural development and the fluctuation of boundary of agriculture and grassland in china, the climatic change in ecotone of agriculture and grassland and the alternative replacement of agriculture and busbandry, and the landscape ecologic significance of ecotone of agriculture and grassland are expounded.The limited fluctuation of boundary of agriculture and grassland and the replacement of agriculture and husbandry alternatively were correspondent to the replacement of dry and wet climate and the growth and decline of farming and drift husbandry economics alternatively. In addition that the ecotone of agriculture and grassland has the fragile characteristics in environment, there was obvious heterogeneity formation and flowing out in agricultural landscape and their effects on agricultural techniques and development of adjacent regions.

Effect of different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass during corn growth periods

ZHANG Cheng-E, LIANG Yin-Li

2001, 9(1): 72-74.

Abstract(962) PDF(917)

Abstract:
The effect of different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied on soil microbial biomass carbon, biomass nitrogen and biomass phosphorus was studied during corn growth periods through the field plot experiments. The results showed that different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers applied have no distinct effect on microbial biomass carbon. While the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied is 225 kg/hm², microbial biomass nitrogen will be reduced. It also has obviously inhibiting effect on microbial biomass phosphorus when the amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied reaches to 225 kg/hm².

Effect of rice-azolla-fish system on soil environment of rice field

HUANG Yi-Bin, WEN Bo-Qi, TANG Jian-Yang, LIU Zhong-Zhu

2001, 9(1): 74-76.

Abstract(1345) PDF(1049)

Abstract:
The basic technique of rice-azolla-fish system(RAF) is to combine azolla and fish into traditional rice farming system, and thus to realize the artificial management of the ecosystem via a throughout controll of azolla and fish in paddy field. Under the comprehensive reaction of various practices, the fish yield in rice-azolla-fish system maintains 4.0 to 9.8t/hm², and its rice yield has increased to compare with the traditional farming system in the condition which decreased 50%～60% chemical fertilizer and 30%～50% pesticide. The result of long-term determination demonstrated that, organic matter, total N and P in ecosystem accumulated year by year, being 15.6%～38.5% higher than that in the traditional farming system. The pest and disease of rice were decreased by 40.8%～99.5%, the methane emission was decreased by 34.6%, the paddy field eco-environment was improved.

Balance and control of soil nutrent in agro-ecosystem in the desert oases

WANG Zhou-Qiong, LI Shu-Gang

2001, 9(1): 75-76.

Abstract(1864) PDF(982)

Abstract:
Through a research on the surplus and deficent of soil nutrient balance during the period of 1980～1996, the results show that N changed in a range of -26.9～+27.2%, P₂O₅ was in a big surplus 188.1%, and K₂O was deficient, chemical fertilizer has occupied 74.9% of the total spread nutrient and the proportion of organic nutrient is reduced in the new oases. A concept of the good nutrient cycle index(M_N) is put forward in the paper, and the currentM_N is only 0.128 in the new oases in Xinjiang. It is expounded that the M_N will be able to reach 0.581 and the recycling coefficient of organic nitrogen(H) will be able to near 1 when fertilizer spreading system by artificial controlled is implemented. In order to fertilize the soil fertility, the model of nutrient balance demands that the surplus of N should be over 40% so as to achieve a good nutrient cycle in the oases agro-ecosystem.

Expression and assessment of agronomic characters of different cotton varieties in Xinjiang

TIAN Chang-Yan, HU Ming-Fang, DU Gang

2001, 9(1): 77-79.

Abstract(1059) PDF(1080)

Abstract:
The orientation plot trial for 13 cotton varieties was carried out under the “shorter, denser, earlier” cultivate model from 1997 to 1998 in Xinhe County of Xinjiang. The variety representation and the relation among the variety characters were studied. The results indicated that the cotton yield was highest when plant height was controlled at 75 cm or so, while cotton plant density was 1.5×10⁵ plants/hm². The whole bearing period was most influenced by the emergence of seeding days and the time from blooming to boll opening, so the key phase topromote premature was to promote the seed to emergent and shorten the days from blooming to boll opening. 13 cotton varieties were divided into 3 chemistry control types, that is, sensitivity, middle and abuse. Finally “Yumian9-44”,“Qinyuan 93089”,“Zhong mian 12-53”,“Jin yuan 820”,and “Yumian 17” are confirmed to be selectable varieties after the syn thesized judgement through grey conjunction analysis.

Effect of long-term use of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on fluvo-aquic soils physical quality

WANG Shen-Qiang, LI Xin, XU Fu-An, QIN Sheng-Wu

2001, 9(1): 77-78.

Abstract(1842) PDF(1514)

Abstract:
The influence of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on soil physical properties was studied. Results showed that organic manure not only increased the total soil porosity, soil water retention porosity, moisture retention capacity, effective water capacity, water permeability and saturated transmitting rate, but also decreased the hardness of surface soil. Organic manure can improve soil physical characters and bring about good soil condition for the practice of water-saving agriculture.

Nutrition and fertilizer effect of saline soil in China

YANG Li-Lin, LI Jin-Hai

2001, 9(1): 79-81.

Abstract(1023) PDF(998)

Abstract:
Studies on the nutrition, fertilizer and their effects in saline soils are summarized in this paper, especially the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-elements on the crops, vegetables and forests grown in saline soils. Soil chemical agent was emphasized in this study. Expectations for researching saline soils were put forward.

Current status and prospects of allelopathy research in agriculture

DONG Zhang-Hang, LIN Wen-Xiong

2001, 9(1): 80-83.

Abstract(2877) PDF(2051)

Abstract:
As a science, allelopathy is relatively new, even though statements were made about the phenomenon over 2000 years ago. Allelopathy is also a potential research field. Beginning with the concept of allelopathy, this article mainly gives a review of allelopathic research in the recent 20 years. It includes matters, action mechanism, germplasm resource, method of bioassay, hereditary charater of allelopathy. Once more, the importance of allelopathy, the ways to apply the research results in agricultural practice, the challenges for allelopathic research and the directions of future work in this field are also discussed in the paper.

Effects of longterm plant Medicago sativa Linn. on soil nitrogen nutrient

LIU Xiao-Hong, HAO Ming-De

2001, 9(1): 82-84.

Abstract(1024) PDF(1042)

Abstract:
The results of 13 years long-term fertilization and rotation test show that the application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorate fertilizer and organic fertilizer in combination(NPM) can enhance the content of nitrate-N more effectively than that of application of only phosphorate fertilizer. There is a deficiency of nitrate-N in deeper soil layer after a longer time of planting Medicago sativa Linn. and a higher utilization ratio of nitrate-N of planting Medicago sativa Linn. than that of winter wheat. Among all treatments, the ammonium-N of planted Medigao sativa Linn. is the highest than that of other crops, and also the ammounum of CK and NPM are higher than that of P and the bareness disposal. Compared to other rotation systems, Medicago sative Linn. has better effect than others on improving the level of organic-N mineral potential.

Study on the action characteristics of allelochemicals in rice

LIN Qun-Hui, HE Hua-Qin, LIN Wen-Xiong

2001, 9(1): 84-85.

Abstract(1079) PDF(983)

Abstract:
Based on our previous studies on the physiobiochemical characteristics of allelopathic rice.GC-MS and biochemical analysis were introduced to determine allelochemicals and its related enzyme activities. It indicated that the activities of phenylalanine aminotransferase(PAL) and trans-cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (CA4H) in allelopathic rice were positively correlated with the content of phenolics.The rice allelopathic effect was positively correlated with its content of cinnamic acid, but negatively correlated with its content of salicylic acid.Therefore it was considered that rice allelopathic effects were caused by the joint action of phenolics.

Review of research on nutrient contribution and recovery in alley cropping systems

SUN Hui, TANG Ya, ZHAO Qi-Guo

2001, 9(1): 85-87.

Abstract(1082) PDF(971)

Abstract:
Alley cropping is the farming system growing food crops between hedgerows of trees or shrubs(nitrogen fixing species). The hedgerows in the systems are regularly pruned to prevent shading companion crops and to provide prunings for mulch and manure to improve soil fertility. Nitrogen mineralization of branch and leaf of hedgerow, organic carbon mineralization of branch and leaf of hedgerow and its effects on soil organic matter as well as the supply situation of hedgerow on soil phosphorus and other mineral element were expounded. The dynamics of soil nutrien and organic matter under the system were reviewed.

Effects of allelochemical ferulic acid on endogenous hormone level of wheat seedling

LIU Xiu-Fen, HU Xiao-Jun

2001, 9(1): 86-88.

Abstract(2108) PDF(1563)

Abstract:
The effects of ferulic acid (FA) on content of endogenous hormone——indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), cytokinin (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) of wheat seedling are studied.The results show that the residual ferulic acid of culture solution was decreased very fast from day three to day ten. A fter two weeks up to 98% FA were not found.The contents of four endogenous hormones showed insignificant difference at 0.25mmol/L and a increase at 2.50mmol/L comparing with the contrast.The accumulation of IAA, GA and ZR in wheat inhibited the growth of wheat seeding and induced ABA increment.

The effect of poplar-crop intercropping space on wheat growth and yield

YUAN Yu-Xin, WANG Ying, LI Ji-Quan, FENG Chang-Hong, ZHANG Shi-Lian

2001, 9(1): 88-91.

Abstract(1277) PDF(1039)

Abstract:
The soil water content under intercropping land has inverse ratio to poplar space between rows(SBRs), i.e.it decrease 1.0% by adding 1m SBRs within 3～15m space bound, which shows that the intercropping could reduce water loss from soil to atmosphere. The wheat leaf chlorophyll content has the same relation with the SBRs, which indicates poplar shading on wheat can increase leaf chlorophyll content. The study, on the other hand, demonstrates that wheat photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate have direct ratio to SBRs, and they increase 1.3μmol/m²·s and 0.2μmol/m²·s by widening 1m space, respectively. The over small SBRs will lead photosynthesis rate to decrease, and to affect the wheat biomass and yield. The SBRs, in which the wheat could get the highest yield by equation forecast under 4 years old poplar stand, is 21～22m.

Effects of airphenol on the castor silkworm(Attacus ricini)and its countermeasures

XU Shi-Qing, SIMA Yang-Hu, ZHENG Bi-Ping, CHEN Xi-Lin, ZHU Ya-Ling

2001, 9(1): 89-91.

Abstract(1094) PDF(947)

Abstract:
The castor plant leaf lost green, appeared scars,withered up and rolled up after being treated with 15μl/L air-phenol for 2～10h. The plant height,twig weight and output dropped by 9.9%,11.8% and 9.5% respectively, and the contents of chlorophyll, protein and dissolvable sugar for the leaf also dropped by 34.7%,3.8% and 42.8%, after being treated with 15μl/L air-phenol for 6h. The castor silkworm contacted 1μl/L air-phenol or ate castor leaf that contained 7～21mg/kg phenol during their larval stage, thus the larva-pupa rate,amount of laid eggs and hatchability dropped. When the worm contacted large than 8μl/L air-phenol or ate castor leaf that contained 45～70mg/kg phenol during their larval stage,it became slow in growth and development, bad in properties of cocoon and silk, and dropped in reproduction rate. The effects of the air-phenol were more serious than those of the plant-phenol. The resistance of castor silkworm to phenol increased with the larva growth.The toxicity of plant-phenol decreased, when the phenol-polluted leaf was treated with 5% limewater or the polluted leaf and normal leaf was feed alternately to the worm.

Relationship between mature spike number of highland barley and climatic factors

DU Jun, XIANG Yu-Yi

2001, 9(1): 92-94.

Abstract(873) PDF(889)

Abstract:
Using the principles of statistics and analysis meathod,effects of climatic factors on mature spike number of highland barley in Tibet are analyzed.The mature spike number-climate model of highland barley is performed. The results from tests show that,from three-leaf to tillering stages, more raining are favor of improving mature spike number. From tillering to jointing,the disadvantageous factors for mature spike number are high temperature and partly raining.The temperature and precipitation condition affect mature spike number from jointing to heading.In recent 35 years, climatic warming and rainfall decreasing occurred in tillering to jointing stages,but that are disadvantageous conditions of increasing mature spike number.

Prospects for weed control through crop interference

XIA Guo-Jun, YANG Hao-Wei, WANG Wen-Jing

2001, 9(1): 92-93.

Abstract(1194) PDF(1196)

Abstract:
Weed, as a component with negative effects in agroecosystem, has been disturbing human's agricultural production for a long time. Crop interference, defined as the control effects exerted by crop plants to the growth and reproduction of neighbouring weeds, is a fundamental method of nonchemical weed control. The ability of crop interference to weeds could be enhanced by crop breeding and management. The enhancement of crop interference would pay a price in the crop yield. However, in some particular conditions, varieties with strong crop interference have a yield advantage.

The cultivation techniques of cherry in protecting conditions

HUANG Zhen-Guang, ZHAO Gai-Rong

2001, 9(1): 94-96.

Abstract(905) PDF(1628)

Abstract:
This paper introduces very good application possibility of cherry cultivation in protecting conditions. The key techniques for the protective cultivation are using dwarf rootstock of ZY-1,using PP₃₃₃，setting up high density orchards,controlling the time covering plastics film, temperature,moisture,water content of soil,sun light,gases(CO₂、NH₃、NO₂、SO₂、CO、CH₂=CH₂、Cl₂)amount in the greenhouse.So,the high yield,good quality and high effecient of cherry production are able to realize.

Analysis on succession for composition of plant community and its meteorological condition in region around Qinghai Lake

ZHANG Guo-Sheng, LI Xi-Lai, XU Wei-Xin, LI Lin, YAN Liang-Dong

2001, 9(1): 95-97.

Abstract(1317) PDF(1140)

Abstract:
The analysis on observational data from herbage of grassland in region around the Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province indicated that the variation coefficient of Poa crymophila in plant community was small,being 50%～100%,the least one was Aneurolepidium, but the Stipa purpurea was the largest one being 75%～ 200%,which was one of the dominance plant with largest variation coefficient. The species of Stipa purpurea, Artemisia scoparia and Poa crymophila,which was not stable for yearly changes of plant composition, displayed their character of weak resistance to dry and of the sensitive to dry, the Carex condilapis and Aneurolepidiu had strong adaptability of climate and showed strong resistance to dry, that yearly change of plant composition was stable. The Carex condilapis had strong adaptability of climate and resistance to dry, but the water condition is still main climatic factor which controlled its growth, the monthly change of its density always decreased by month.

Some progress in TDR manufacture and application

CHAI Shi-Wei, LIU Wen-Zhao, ZHANG Ju-Ting

2001, 9(1): 97-99.

Abstract(1271) PDF(1911)

Abstract:
Through analyzing the TDR literature,some new progress in TDR manufacture and application were summarized and the several problems in using TDR were generalized.The result shows that the coil type of probe can solve the problem of too long or too short TDR probe; multiplex TDR probe can measure both soil water content and potential or thermal properties or temperature and salinity simultaneously. With the temperature rising from5℃ to 45℃,the soil water content detected by TDR will decline in sandy loam soil, and rise in clay loam and organic soil. The TDR probe should insert into soil with an angle and avoid the wrong operation,such as swaying or un-paralleling.

Observation on variety feature and phenological character of ginkgo in Guangdong

LIANG Hong, FENG Ying-Zhu, WANG Ying-Qiang, LI Wei, LU Shui-Qian

2001, 9(1): 98-100.

Abstract(1084) PDF(1339)

Abstract:
The ginkgo seeds from Guangdong Province have been honored in the world market because of their good flavor.The ginkgo trees bloom early,and the embryos of the seeds are too little to be seen by necked eyes when harvested.The variety feature and phenological character of the ginkgo were observed,and the effects of climatic factors and phenological character on the variety feature were analyzed.The variety feature such as early-mature,little embryo and good flavor was thought to be resulted from higher average temperature and accumulated temperature over 10℃ of the year in the producing area.The rationalization proposal about preservation the ginkgo seeds after harvest is suggested in this paper.

Prospect on the greening town with fruit trees in Jiangxi Province

HU Zheng-Yue, XIE Ri-Xing

2001, 9(1): 100-103.

Abstract(1200) PDF(1000)

Abstract:
Character and significance of greening town with fruit trees are expounded.It is point out that the greening with fruit trees is able to control the pollution of waste air,waste water,noise to environment,to beautify the environment, to mould a person's temperament,to increase the economic and econogical benefit.At the same time,the ideal tree species and propose of greening twon with fruit trees were put forward.

Animal waste management and clean production technology in animal husbandry

LIAO Xin-Di

2001, 9(1): 101-102.

Abstract(1012) PDF(28)

Abstract:
The treatment,utilization and management of animal waste in china were expounded.The harm of animal waste was analyzed.The basic contents,embryonic forms of technology and prospects of clean production of animal husbandry are summarized.

There is plenty of opportunities for developing green industrial

UO Shu-Tian

2001, 9(1): 103-104.

Abstract(843) PDF(825)

Abstract:
Era background and superlorities of the developing green industrial were expounded.Some proposes of the devoloping green industrial ware put forward.

Ornamental bamboo resources in Fujian Province and their garden applications

LIN Yi-Ming

2001, 9(1): 104-106.

Abstract(916) PDF(1183)

Abstract:
Fujian Province has a favorable natural environment with abundant water and heat resources.Owing to the natural barrier stretching from northeast to southwest which is jointly formed by Taimu Mountains,Jiufeng Mountains,Daiyun Mountains and Boping Ridges，the southeast and northwest of Fujian enjoy two markedly different climates,with various bamboos,respectively.The southeast and northwest of Fujian are divided into southern subtropical clumpy bamboo area and central subtropical mixed bamboo area,respectively.Fujian is rich in bamboo resources(15 genus over 120 species);there are many ornamental bamboo resources.Ornamental bamboos in Fujian are classified into three types according to the morphological characters of plant parts:those for the appreciation of stem shape or color,those for the appreciation of leaf shape or color,those for the appreciation of bamboo shoot and shell. Meanwhile,ornamental bamboo species,distribution,ornamental characters and garden applications are discussed.

Studies on the ecological home garden patterns of the Bai nationality in Yunnan Province

HU Hua-Bin, HE Ai-Jun

2001, 9(1): 107-108.

Abstract(985) PDF(1023)

Abstract:
Through a survey on the home gardens of the Bai nationality in Xizhou township of Dali City,Yunnan Province,it has been found that there are six types of ecological home gardens in this area,including ordinary,intensive livestock and poultry raising,use of surplus labor,home garden as workshop,aquatic development,and tertiary services.Based on studies on the structures and functions of different types of ecological home gardens,the relationship between home garden management and crop production is elucidated,the peculiarity of Bai nationality home gardens is also briefly analyzed.A few points are recommended to further improve the management of Bai home gardens.

Practice on county-scale eco-agriculture construction in Anhui Province

ZHAO Ying-Nan, HUANG Wen-Xing

2001, 9(1): 109-111.

Abstract(1398) PDF(1017)

Abstract:
According to the practice on Anhui county-scale eco-agriculture construction, county-scale eco-agriculture construction technological system and controlling countermeasures are expounded.It shows that county-scale eco-agriculture construction is a new phrase of eco-agriculture develepment and a new way to promote rural economic sustainable development. County-scale eco-agriculture construction is going to have better popularized and applied perspective in Anhui Province and our country.

2001 Vol. 9, No. 1