中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Tendency of world economy for sustainable development in the 21st century-Green economy

WU Yu-Ping, DONG Suo-Cheng, XU Min-Ying

2002, 10(2): 1-3.

Abstract(979) PDF(1013)

Abstract:
Sustainable development has become common choice of human being in 21st century．This paper compiles the practices on green economy all over the world which manifest the tendency of world economy：green economy，and at last，proposes form ulating green economic institutions in order to realizing sustainable development in every field of economy．

Production， trade and legal regulation management systems of organic agricultural products at home and abroad

MENG Fan-Qiao, WU Wen-Liang

2002, 10(2): 4-6.

Abstract(1350) PDF(1295)

Abstract:
The paper summarizes the production and marketing of organic agricultural products both at home and abroad and analyzes the legal regulations and management systems from international point of view．Organic agricultural products production will see its rapid growth in the near future along with the awareness of environment protection and its concerns for human health．At present，national regulation system for organic agriculture in EU，Japan and USA，and international regulation system-codex alimentary of FAO has been developed．Exportation and importation of China organic products will be face with great challenges．The best countermea sures are the development of China national regulation system for organic agriculture and the establishment of management system ．Suggestions are also made for organic agriculture development in China．

The photosynthesis of the typical ecosystems and their primary plants in the middle subtropical zone

SUN Hua, SUN Bo, ZHANG Tao-Lin

2002, 10(2): 7-9.

Abstract(923) PDF(841)

Abstract:
The photosynthesis of five typical ecosystems in Yingtan City，Jiangxi Province was studied．The results showed that the plants in all ecosystems had some regulation in their photosynthesis capability，all plants had the highest net photosynthesis rate at 10：00 in the morning and the transpiration rate increased with air temperature rising and that the multiple agricultural ecosystem had the highest net photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate，especially，its net photosynthesis rate is above two times of that of the monocuhure．Therefore it was the pattern worthy of more researching and popularizing in the zone．

Investigation on the freeze-damaged trees by twice uttermost microtherm encountered once in one hundred or fifty years in FujJan

ZENG Lin-Xiang

2002, 10(2): 10-14.

Abstract(1276) PDF(997)

Abstract:
Fujian encountered twice uttermost microtherm at an interval of 8 years in the nineties of 20th century．The uttermost lowest temperature were -7～-l3℃ at north Fujian(Guangze)and under 2℃ at south Fujian，breaking the lowest record of the same period in the century，on the 29 December 1991．The uttermost lowest temperature were -7～-l0℃ at north Fujian(Jianning)and about 1℃ at south Fujian，reaching lowest temperature within fifty years，on the 23 December 1999．The species coming from tropic or sub-tropic and planted in the middle sub-tropic section had gotten the graveness of freezing damage in twice microtherm ．According to two investigated results，the trees suffering from the different degrees frostbite were 180 species in Fujian．According to the information investigated in the microtherm of December 1999，the trees encountering graveness frostbite(grade I～III)were 105 species in Fujian；the most graveness is in the northern region of Fujian．For the sake of reducing loss，it is necessary to choose carefully the species of virescence and forestation parting districts．

Research on technology of sowing and cultivating seedling of cycad(Cycus revoluta)

FU Rui-Shu

2002, 10(2): 15-18.

Abstract(1069) PDF(1049)

Abstract:
Effects of ABT powder for rooting(No.3)and times of seed soaked，sowing period and field-membrane cover on the germination percentage(GP)，formation percentage of seedling(FPS)and growth of seedling are studied in order to increase the efficiency of sowing and cultivating seedling of cycad Effects of photic percentage and leaf-fertilizer on sprouting velocity，GP and chlorophyll contents are also included in this paper． Results showed that concentration of 0．02ug／kg for rooting powder was most useful，making GP and FPS amount to above 60 percentage and being significantly different from the other concentration．Effect of soaking seed time on tested indicators was not obvious．Effect of sowing period on them was distinct and best result was got by means of so wing in April 13．The time needed for sprouting was shorter than that by any other treatment GP and FPS was increased significantly and sprouting time was shortened by means of field-membrane cover．Effects of photic percentage on leaf growth and chlorophyll content were obvious．Sixty photic percentage was most profitable．Leaf growth and chlorophyll content of cycad were enhanced distinctly by use of leaf-fertilizer．

Study on cold resistance of top buds of Paulownia elongata's seedlings

H0U Yuan-Kai, ZHAI Ming-Pu, NIE Ai-She, CHANG Li-Ruo

2002, 10(2): 19-21.

Abstract(1238) PDF(980)

Abstract:
Top buds，first pair of lateral buds and shoots of one-year-aged seedlings of Paulownia elongata are treated under different low temperatures，and then their electrical conductivity and electrolyte rates are determined．The order of electrical permeation rate is top buds> lateral buds> shoots in the same temperature，the order of lethal temperature is top buds>lateral buds and shoots．Lethal temperature of top bud is -10℃ within 96h．the lateral bud and the shoot within 120h．Lethal temperature of top bud is-15℃ within 72h，the lateral bud and the shoot within 96h．In the natural condition，the temperature does not occur on trial spot in some years，but the top buds die．The reasons are studied in this paper.

Primary isolation and bioassay of allelochemicals from several tree species

CAO Guang-Qiu, LIN Si-Zu, LIU Yan, DU Ling

2002, 10(2): 22-25.

Abstract(2077) PDF(1487)

Abstract:
Primary isolation of allelochemicals from Chinese fir，Castanopsis rgesii and Schima superba and the bioassary of Chinese-fir seeds were carried out in this paper．The result showed that after Chinese fir，Castanopsis fargesii and Schima superba’s leaves dissolved by propanone and ethyl acetate，the allelochemicals of Castanopsis rgesii and Schima superba distilled by ethand shsolute represented more active than those of distilled by petroleum， the allelochemicals of Chinese fir distilled by petroleum represented more active than those of distilled by ethand shsolute．It could confirm that allelochemicals of Castanopsis rgesii and Schima superba were polar allelochemicals，allelochemicals of Chinese fir were little-polar allelochemicals．

Tissue culture of Lilium wardlii

PAN Jin-Xu, XING Zhen, ZHENG Wei-Lie

2002, 10(2): 26-28.

Abstract(842) PDF(894)

Abstract:
Tissue culture of Lilium wardlii shows that the most perfect method of inducing EC(callus)and uncertain budlets belongs the medium of MS and BA 0．5mg／kg and NAA0．5～1．0mg／kg：the best medium inducing roots from littie bulbs is the medium of MS and IBA1．0mg／kg；the sterm cuts can be green and induce EC and uncertain budlets in the medium of MS and BA0．2～0．5mg／kg and NAA0．5～1．0mg／kg；the active carbon can help little bulbs striking roots when the tissue culture plants are moved to raise in the pine sawdust and their survival rate is 95 percent．

Research on root microorganism community of“RCH” transgenic rice

YANG Yu-Feng, YUAN Hong-Xu, LIU Yue-Lian, XU Xin-Ping, LI Bao-Jian

2002, 10(2): 29-31.

Abstract(1348) PDF(1217)

Abstract:
The preliminary studies were conducted to analyze the root microorganism ecology of two transgenic rice varleties(GMR)，which were genetically modified by the“rice chitinase gene(RC24)”．The results showed that the microorganism communities of the root and root surface in two GMR varieties were different from the non-transgenic variety．They had less numbers of endo-fungi．but their numbers of endo-bacteria were about 10 times more than the contro1．The root-ratios with endo-fungus in two GMR varieties were 55．2％ and 81．1％．while the control was 100％．Their species of bacteria and fungi in the root systems were also different from the control The root-ratios with VA mycorrhizic sac in GMR were lOW ．

Advances of research on systemic acquired resistance in plant

WANG Sheng-Rong, ZHU Ke-Gong

2002, 10(2): 32-35.

Abstract(3098) PDF(3837)

Abstract:
This paper deals with the advances in research on plant systemic acquired resistance in recent years．The physiological and biochemical mechanisms and the process of signal transduction have been reviewed，and the application of the new chemical inductor is presented.

Effect of Pseudomonas solanacearum infection on H₂0₂ metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and their relations to disease resistance

KE Yu-Qin, PAN Ting-Guo, FANG Shu-Min

2002, 10(2): 36-39.

Abstract(1056) PDF(1209)

Abstract:
Two tobacco cultivars differing in resistance to P solanacearum were used in this study． Effects of P solanacearum infection on leaf hydrogen peroxide(H₂0₂)metabolism and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied．Contents of H₂0₂ and ma1ondia1dehyde(MDA)，production rate of superoxide radical(0₂^-)in plants infected with P solanacearum increa sed and the extent of increa se was significantly less in resistant cultivar than in susceptible one．Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity decreased after the early stage of infection，then increased；SOD activity of resistant cultivar was higher than that of susceptible one．Catalase(CAT)activity increased at the early stage of infection，then decreased．The extent of decrease in CAT activity was greater in susceptible cultivar than in resistant one．Peroxidase(POD)activity decreased at the early stage of infection，then increased．The extent of increase in POD activity was higher in susceptible cultivar than in resistant one．The variable fluorescence of chloroplasts(Fv)，the efficiency of primay conversion of light energy of PS II(Fv／Fm)and potential activity of PS II(Fv／Fo)of plants infected P solanacearum decreased，the extent of decrease was higher in susceptible cultivar than in resistant one． Above-mentioned results suggest that the res istance of tobacco to P solanacearum is highly related to H₂0₂ metabolism and parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence．

Efrects of different methods on growth of plantlets and microtuber induction in potato

BAI Shu-Xia, AN Zhong-Min, WANG Jing, FENG Xue-Zan

2002, 10(2): 40-41.

Abstract(1298) PDF(1043)

Abstract:
Effects of four cultural methods on growth and differentiation of plantlets and microtuber induction were studied under different states，volumes and adding time of culture media．The results showed that the liquid media which were used two times and of which volume was reduced were much better than the,solid media．The significance of difference among various growth indexes of plantlets was notable extremely．They could be seen mainly from these aspects：the stem diameter increased 0.89cm ，the number of available node increased 2，the fresh biomass and dry mass were improved by 4．15g and 0．27g，respectively，meantime，the period of formation of the available plantlets was reduced by 5．5d．The microtuberization time could be advanced by 2～3 d，the No．of tuber per shoot was 2 and the weight per tuber was 100～1000mg．More importantly．the medium cost reduced by 72.42％．

Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the reproductive growth of Pleurotus lucidum

GUO Jia-Xuan, ZHONG Yang-He

2002, 10(2): 42-43.

Abstract(1147) PDF(1037)

Abstract:
The effect of different concentrations of CO₂ on the reproductive growth of Pleurotus lucidum is studied by controlling environmental condition in this paper．The upper limit critical CO₂ concentration in the normal differentiation of fruit-body was lO0umol／L After the fruit-body formation，the pileus enlargement was significantly inhibited and stipe elongation was significantly improved with increasing CO₂ concentration；for attaining excellent quality fruit-body of P．1ucidum，the range of CO₂ concentration in environment was under 35umol／L．

The influence of poplar-crop intercropping on crop nutrient compositions

YUAN Yu-Xin, MA Rong-Ze, WEI Hong-Xia, SHAO Ji-Xiang

2002, 10(2): 44-46.

Abstract(1222) PDF(946)

Abstract:
A small spacing，for example 10m，will lead to crop nutrient compositions debasement(including starch，fats and protein)，in which fats contents of wheat and peanut decrease 4．0％ and 2．5％ as well as the proteins contents are 8．4％ and 2．1％，respectively．However，a reasonable spacing，for example 30m，will improve crop nutrient compositions，in which fats contents of wheat and maize increase 9．6％ and 11．3％，respectively．It also demonstrates that the indexes of the crop nutrient compositions between rows have the same law in either mature stand or young growth．The content indexes of starch and fats are higher at the middle of rows but lower near the tree base，while the protein is quite the contrary．Among the studied spacing(10～30m)，the crop nutrient composition in the middle scope of rows is better than the control，but it is worse near the tree base．

The application effect and action mechanism of plant growth regulator(ABT6^#)on cucumber

JIANG Wei-Jie, LIU Wei, YU Hong-Jun, DING Hai-Feng

2002, 10(2): 47-49.

Abstract(1201) PDF(1123)

Abstract:
The experiments on application effect and action mechanism of ABT on cucumber were carried out and three trials(seed germination trial，seedling trial and field tria1)were conducted．The results indicated that ABT6 has positive effect on the content of internal hormone in stem apex and root of Chinese cabbage．The rate and potential of seed germination，the peroxdase content in seedling stem apex，the dehydrogeniase content in seedling root and the yield of Chinese cabbage treated with ABT6^#，increased by 6.34％，17.04％，16.84％，62.16％，and 10.58％，respectively as compared with contro1．

Effect of cultural media and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on horticultural crops

SHI Zhao-Yong, LIU Run-Jin, LI Rui-Qing

2002, 10(2): 50-52.

Abstract(1237) PDF(1038)

Abstract:
The characters of peat，vermiculate，perlite，saw dust，sand and other growing media are briefly introduced in this paper．The effects of the above media on growth and development of horticultural crops，on colonization and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)，and effects of AMF fungi on growth，yield and quality of horticultural crops grown in different growing media are also discussed．The mixed media with different proportional media showed favorite characters and benefited the plant growth．For example，the colonization percentage of Glomus mosseae on watermelon grown in No．7 mixed media made of peat，vermiculate，and sand was 39．9％，while that in No．1 was 14．8％，the growth of the plant grown in the former was 1．5～3 times greater than the contro1．The mixed media are very efficient in the production of vegetables grown in soilless media and should be more widely used in the near future．

Effect of media and fertilization on bulblets regeneration and flowering of Lilium longiflorum

CHEN Jie-Min, ZHAO Jiu-Zhou, WANG Yi-Qing, WANG Ai-Hua, CHEN Dong-Huan

2002, 10(2): 53-55.

Abstract(1170) PDF(1009)

Abstract:
Orthogonal-design was used in this experiment，in which the effects of four different types media and fertilization，N／P/K-ratio and the planting space on Lilium longiflorum were studied in combination treatment．The media used in the study are as follows：sawdust blended sand(S／S=1：1)，blended peanut hull with sand(PH／S=1：1)，sawdust blended cinder(S／C=1：1)and an admixture of KD-1 hydrophilic gel and sandy tidal soil(SY／S=0．5：99．5)．Results showed that the highest gray-relational-grade， for propagating of bulblets， was obtained by the combination treatment which was SY／S medium combined with N 0．0071 mol／L and N：P：K=10：5：5 at a planting space of 8cm×15cm．The one of S／S combined with N 0．0143 mol／L and N：P：K=5：10：10 at a planting space of 8cm×15cm was the one next to the highest The treatment of s／c with N 0．0143 mol／L and N：P：K=5：10：10 at a planting space of 8cm×15cm obtained the minimum gray-relational grade．The different treatments had significant effects respectively on the period of bud-initiate and the flowering stage．The bud‘initiate and the date of first opening-flower were accelerated by the treatment of s／s medium with N 0．0107 mol／L and N：P：K=18：9：15 at a planting space of 30cm×40cm．on which the leaf area index and the higher chlorophyll content were obtained．The largest bud quantity and heavier fresh-flower-branch as well as bigger opening-flower-diameter were obtained on both the treatments of S／S-medium with N 0．0107 mol／L and N：P：K=18：9：15 at a planting space of 30cm ×40cm and of SY／S with N 0．0107mol／L and N：P：K=18：9：15 at a planting space of 30cm × 40cm ，on which the larger percentage of standard cut-flower was observed either．The difference among combination treatments reached a significant level respectively．

Comparison of growing features in field by using manganese deficiency rice seedlings from dry nursery

WANG Jia-Chen, ZHANG Fu-Suo, LU Shi-Hua, ZENG Xiang-Zhong

2002, 10(2): 56-59.

Abstract(1051) PDF(1042)

Abstract:
The growing features and yield of manganese deficiency rice seedling from dry nursery were studied in Linjiang Village of Wenjiang County，Sichuan Province，when they were transplanted to paddy soil and upland．The experiment showed that except the height of manganese deficiency rice seedling was not significant difference with normal rice seedling，the other features including tillerings，fringings，grain numbers in one ear，one thousand seed weight and yields were lower than those of normal rice seedling．If the manganese deficiency rice seedling is use in farm land，no matter what systems are used such as flooding，plastic film mulch and wheat straw mulch and no matter what methods are used to remedy them ，the yield of it can not get to the yield by using normal rice seedling．

Effects of allelochemicals on soil nitrification

LIU Xiu-Fen

2002, 10(2): 60-62.

Abstract(900) PDF(963)

Abstract:
This paper describes the changes of soil nitrification affected by three allelochemicals--benzoic acid，p-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid in different concentrations．soil moisture content and pH．The contents of NO₃^--N were determined at l day，4 days，7 days，10 days and 14 days after the soil treated The results showed that inhibiting rates of ferulic and benzoic acids were higher than that of P-hydroxy benzoic acid on nitrification and the inhibiting effects of ferulic acid increased with the increase of allelochemical concentration．The soils with different pH didn’t show obvious difference in nitrification，because these soils were all close neutrality．The water content of soil affected total N0₃^--N．The normal soil samples inverted a few of N0₃^--N，while the inverting content of the water saturated soil samples increased with time．It indicates that the water content of soil is very important for nitrification．

Analysis on coordinate effect of nitrogen and phosphorus and precipitation on various farmland ecological systems in different precipitation years

HU Hua, ZHOU Tao

2002, 10(2): 63-66.

Abstract(1229) PDF(990)

Abstract:
In the dryland-agriculture areas in south mountain region of Ningxia，a field experiment was conducted on the fertilization model of spring-wheat and the effect of fertilization and precipitation on its production．The result showed that nitrogen had biggest effects on production，phosphorus was the second，and precipitation was the last．The paper introduces the rational fertilization in different precipitation years，and analyzes the fertilization plan for the highest and optimum production and their economic effects．

The transfer of phosphorus resource in sand soil and its utilization by wine-grapes

ZHOU Tao, SHANG Hong-Ying, LIANG Jin-Xiu, RUI Jian-Hue

2002, 10(2): 67-70.

Abstract(1228) PDF(1032)

Abstract:
The methods of chemistry analyzes and fields experiment were applied to study the validity and utilization of phosphorus of sand soil．The result showed that the sequence of vivacity of phosphorus is：sand-loam > fine-sand> sand．And the plants use abio-phosphorus mainly in sand，while Ca-P is in great proportion．When phosphorus is fixed，the result of determining a bio-phosphorus form of soil shows that phosphorus is translated to Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P during a long time．Irrigation can activated phosphorus，and straw can increase the content of valid-phosphorus．The content of phosphorus of grains and plants increases together with increase of applied phosphorous in different treatments．The sequence of phosphorus utilization is：sand> fine-sand> sand-loam．The capacity of supplying phosphorus of high-fertility is better than that of low-fertility，and rate of phosphorous utilization is high．

Index of precision fertilizer in high yield region of Taihang Piedmont

YANG Li-Lin, HU Chun-Sheng

2002, 10(2): 71-75.

Abstract(1105) PDF(956)

Abstract:
Index of recommending fertilizer are summarized in this investigation．and an index system of precise applying fertilizer is formed according to the studies of several years in high yield region of Taihang Piedmont，the major indexes include the soil available nutrition and nutrient content in crops，which form the spine for base fertilizer and added fertilizer that could be regulated according to the nitrite content in special site of plant in key stage of winter wheat and summer maize，other indexes such as the degree of nutrient requirement of different crops，the target yield，the plant manifest，the water content and the fertilizer mode etc．would provide auxilinary indexes for precision fertilizer．

A summary of soil microbial biomass nitrogen

TANG Yu-Xia, JIA Shu-Long, MENG Chun-Xiang, ZHANG Gui-Min, LIU Chun-Tian

2002, 10(2): 76-78.

Abstract(1564) PDF(1575)

Abstract:
This thesis discusses the content and influential factors of．soil microbial biomass nitrogen．deals with the biologic validity of,soil microbial biomass nitrogen and the factors that influenced biologic fixation of soil inorganic nitrogen，expands the determination method of soil microbial biomass nitrogen and also makes clear the importance of microbial biomass nitrogen in the process of cycle and transformation of soil nitrogen．The soil microbial biomass nitrogen is an important transformation link of soil nitrogen．It is also the body of soil available nitrogen repertory It plays an important regulation role to nitrogen supply of crops．The biologic fixation of soil inorganic nitrogen also plays positive roles in decreasing lose of nitrogen，increasing efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and protecting environment．

Studies on soil nutrient redistribution under contour hedgerow system

SUN Hui, TANG Ya, HE Yong-Hua, ZHAO Qi-Guo

2002, 10(2): 79-82.

Abstract(1334) PDF(1085)

Abstract:
Contour hedgerow system has been regarded as the most favorable agroforestry systems for water and soil conservation．However，it is more concerned whether hedgerows in the system compete with crops for belowground resources．especially nutrient beyond their crown areas．The nutrients in soil profiles in the system were analyzed for determining nutrients competition between hedgerows and crops in the system and nutrients redistribution pattern in the system．Organic matter and total nitrogen contents of topsoil(0～40cm)at different positions in hedgerow system are increased 1．2～ 2．3 times and 0．5～ 1．7 times over those of control respectively，and available P and exchangeable K have also increa sed remarkably after five years of hedgerow establishment，suggesting that contour hedgerow system is very effective for topsoil nutrient improvement．In hedgerow system．soil nutrients of 0～ 20 cm benea th hedgerow are higher than those beneath alley，therefore competition for nutrient doesn’t occur between hedgerow and crops．The results also show that nutrients status in alley varies with positions，namely，nutrients in downside alley are better than those in the middle and upper alley，and upper alley is the poorest position in alley．Available P and exchangeable K below 40cm beneath hedgerow was lower than those beneath alley，suggesting that root system of hedgerow is functioned as“nutrient pump” to uptake K and P from deep soil beyond crop root system and return them to topsoil by pruning of hedgerow．

Dynamic changes and quantification of winter wheat leaf area

QIAO Yu-Hui, YU Zhen-Rong, Driessen P.M.

2002, 10(2): 83-85.

Abstract(1189) PDF(2055)

Abstract:
Based on field experiments，dynamic changes of leaf area，specific leaf area(SLA)and dry leaf ratio are described and quantified．After wintertime，specific leaf area decreases linearly with logarithmic relative development stage (RDS)and SLA=-21．07×1n(RDS)+19．427．The maximum and minimum specific leaf area is 40 m²／kg and 19m²／kg，respectively．Dry leaf ratio(DR)has parabola relationship with relative development stage and DR=2．142×RDS -1．8001× RDS +0．6571．This study provides a new method and bases for the simulation of winter wheat leaf area in the crop mode1．

Efrects of light and temperature factors on yield and its components in maize

LI Yan-Zhao, DONG Xian-Wang, LIU Guang-Liang, TAO Fei

2002, 10(2): 86-89.

Abstract(1407) PDF(1327)

Abstract:
In Shandong Province，by sowing at different stages in different regions，the effect of the difference of light and temperature value under natural conditions on yield and its components was systematically analyzed in maize．The results show that the accumulated temperature and hours of sunshine during the growing period are significantly correlated with the yield and its components．The direct effect of the accumulated temperature is the greatest，the indirect effect of accumulated temperature by sunshine is also the greatest．From flowering to maturity，hours of sunshine affects the grain number per ear obviously．Average diurnal difference of temperature is negatively correlated with thousand-grain weight and yield．Yield and thousand-grain weight decrease from the west to the ease of Shandong Province and the grain number per ear is supreme in the middle of Shandong Province．Accumulated temperatures and sunshine times of high yielding maize during the growing period．and from flowering to maturity are 2500℃ or so and 1150℃ or so ，and 700 hours or so，larger than 300 hours，respectively．

Effects of water status and temperature on leaf growth

LIU Xiao-Hong, ZHAO Liang-Ju, WANG Guo-Dong

2002, 10(2): 90-93.

Abstract(1460) PDF(1165)

Abstract:
Under the condition of Laboratory，we study the effects of water status and temperature on leaf growth of wheat and maize through the determination of leaf extension rate， _s and _L．The results shows with the increase of temperature．1eaf extension rate increases first．arrives at highest value at 27℃ and then decreases rapidly．Under different soil statuses．there are lineral correlations between leaf extension rate and water stress．The changes of soll stres and temperature bring out the changes of _p．and osmotic potential aimcauses the change of leaf extension rate．As the increase of _p，leaf extension rate increases and at the same time the co-effects of water stress and temperature on leaf extension rate of maize is biggest．

Effects of water stress on AsA-GSH cycle and H₂0₂ content in maize root

WANG Juan, LI De-Quan

2002, 10(2): 94-96.

Abstract(1226) PDF(1491)

Abstract:
H₂0₂ content and the change of main antioxidants in AsA-GSH cycle in two maize species with different resistances to drought were studied under water stress．The results showed that the activities of GR．APX and the content of GSH were obviously increased when the PEG concentration was lower than 100g／kg while they decreased when the PEG concentration was higher than 1.50g／kg．The content of AsA declined under different degrees of water stress．H₂0₂ content was increased under water stress conditions．The increase of H₂0₂ content is obviously positive correlation with the decrease of activity(content)of the antioxidants under severe water stress．The variety with stronger resistance to drought had higher activity of antioxidation．

Experimentation study on water deficit effect of summer maize

JIA Jin-Sheng, LIU Chang-Ming, WANG Hui-Xiao

2002, 10(2): 97-101.

Abstract(1168) PDF(1207)

Abstract:
Effect of the water on crop was mainly photosynthesis and respiration，finally determining the yield of the crop．In the North China Plain，the crop is often in the condition of the lack of water．This causes the contradiction between the photosynthesis and respiration．By measuring the parameters of the exchange of water and gas through the leaf，we got the relationships among the water use efficiency，photosynthesis rate，respiration rate，stomatal conductance and leaf temperature．The water use efficiency，photosynthesis rate and respiration rate of the three kinds of water treatments presented a likely diurnal change，but the water use efficiency of the water deficit was larger than the others．When the photosynthes is rate was between 20 and 26umol／m²·s，the water use efficiency increased fast．And when the respiration rate was between 5 and 7umol／m²·s，the water use efficiency increased fast．The water use efficiency was sensitive to leaf temperature．And it was suitable for the increase of the water use efficiency when leaf temperature was between 40C and 42℃ ．And the water use efficiency presented an ascensive trend with the increase of the stomatal conductance And it was the most suitable for the increase of water use efficiency when the stomatal conductance was between 140 and 200umol／m²·s．

Use of crop water stress index as indicators for scheduling irrigation in winter wheat

ZHANG Xi-Ying, PEI Dong, CHEN Su-Ying

2002, 10(2): 102-105.

Abstract(1371) PDF(1203)

Abstract:
Canopy-ambient air temperature differences(Tc-Ta)for six irrigation treatments of winter wheat were monitored during booting to grain filling period at Luancheng Station from 2000 to 2001 season．The results showed that the midday Tc-Ta was closely related to soil moisture condition Soil moisture at 60％ of field capacity for the 1m soil profile of winter wheat corresponded with the changing of Tc-Ta from positive to negative． For a non-water-stressed treatment，Tc-Ta was negatively related to the atmospheric vapor pressure difference(VPD)．A baseline equation of Tc-Ta with VPD was established to calculate the Tc-Ta under non-water-stressed condition for the purpose of calculation of crop water stres index(CWSI)．The relation of average CWS1 with grain yield was non-linear．With the decrease in CWSI，grain yield increased．When CWS1 was at about 0．1～ 0．2，the grain yield of winter wheat reached the optimum ． Thus，the average CWSI at 0．1～ 0 2 might be taken as the indicator for irrigation scheduling of winter wheat．

Vegetation micro-ecology and application of vegetation micro-ecology preparation

CAI Yuan-Cheng

2002, 10(2): 106-108.

Abstract(1179) PDF(1008)

Abstract:
The thesis dwells on the conceptual revolution of microbiology caused by micro-ecology as well as on the mushrooming of ecological preparations．The vegetation micro-ecological concepts and their forming process are also discussed in this paper Besides，vegetaion micro-ecological preparations(the concept of beneficial micro-ecological preparations and their filtration，their functional mechanism and characteristics)are specifically considered．And finally the paper focuses on the relationship between micro-ecology and sustainable agriculture(ecological agriculture)．

Advances in pulp making and bleaching by microorganism

LIU Xiang-Hua, ZOU Dong-Sheng

2002, 10(2): 109-110.

Abstract(1731) PDF(1092)

Abstract:
The lignin degrading microbe species used for pulp making，degrading process and mechanism are reviewed．The xylanohydrolase and laccase producing condition，bleaching-assisting process and mechanism of the microorganism used for bleaching are summarized．

Ecological management of the cotton bollworm in Xinjiang

SHENG Cheng-Fa, SU Jian-Wei, XUAN Wei-Jian, WANG Hong-Tuo

2002, 10(2): 111-114.

Abstract(1161) PDF(1085)

Abstract:
Since 1993，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region located in the north-western China has become the largest cotton producing province in China．There is an urgent need for a new strategy for control of the contton Bollworm ．Helicoverpa armigera(Hubner)，because of its severe damage and control failures The authors introduce a concept of ecological pest management(EPM)strategy，report a pilot demonstration of the strategy resulting in a decrease，in damaged boll percent，from 20％ to 3％ in the region during 1997～1999．and discuss the factors of technique and implementation of EPM which need to be incorporated into the strategy in the near future.

The use of a soil recuperation in vegetable’s field in solar greenhouse

CAO Xiao-Yan, ZHANG Bao-Cheng, ZHANG Hong

2002, 10(2): 115-116.

Abstract(1881) PDF(1050)

Abstract:
This paper introduces a soil recuperation’s function，its effect and its developing prospect，to contribute a good prescription method for the production of courtyard．The roil recuperation taking the natural zeolite rock powder as its important material is compounded with the nutritious elements for crops，the microelements，and the balanced substances ．Its functions are to improve the physicochemical properties of．soil，resist the disease，and purify the product environment．Its outstanding characteristics are low cost，good effect，no poison and no side effect．After applying the soil recuperation，the net income per hectare will increase 3150～11250 yuan．the rate of the vegetable yield increase more than 10％．and the using time of greenhouse installations will lengthen more than 3 years．The applying quantity of soil recuperation per hectare is 1500 kilograms and its cost per kilograms is 0．8 yuan．It can replace the basic chemical fertilizer．

Research on the mode of constructing eco-agricuiture in developed region in China-A CRSe study from Jiangsu Wujin Comprehensive Development District of Foreign-Oriented Agriculture

GAO Huai-You, ZHOU Qi-Wen, ZHANG Ren-Wu, TAO Zhan, CHEN Jin-Fa

2002, 10(2): 117-119.

Abstract(1264) PDF(959)

Abstract:
In this paper，the authors，taking Jiangsu Wujin Comprehensive Development District of Foreign-Oriented Agriculture which was diagnosed in details as an example，suggest constructing no-pollution farm products base，seeding grass to breed cows in former paddy fields，making use of agro-wastes，setting up eco-gardens，establishing sightseeing-farms．The authors also probe into the mode and the way to constructing eco-agriculture and realizing agriculture sustainable development in developed districts in China．

Exploitation and utilization of the tourism agriculture resources in Dongting lake wetland

ZHUANG Da-Chang, DONG Ming-Hui

2002, 10(2): 120-122.

Abstract(1231) PDF(1420)

Abstract:
Based on the character of the concentric circle’s shape，the type of wetland resources is classified into the lake and estuarine branch，the wetland plain and the low hilly zone The character and condition of tourism agriculture is analyzed．The exploitation and utilization model of tourism agricultural resources is discussed for every circle’s property，which is looked forward to reach the goal of protecting wet-ecosystem，to rationally exploit the wetland tourism agricultural resources and to modernize the sustainable development of the wetland tourism resources．

Practice and thought in development of water-system agriculture in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province

XIAO Ju-Wu, LU Jian-Fei, JIN Xu-Hui

2002, 10(2): 123-125.

Abstract(816) PDF(764)

Abstract:
Significance and valuable experiences of developing water-system agriculture in Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province are analyzed in this paper．Based on the investigation，some basic principles in the further development of water-system agriculture are given．

A study on agricultural integrative development and control in red soil area——A case study of Huangdu watershed in Anji County,Zhejiang Province

WANG Wei-Ping, ZHONG Chuan-Sheng, XU Yang-Kun, LI Ying-Ying

2002, 10(2): 126-127.

Abstract(1028) PDF(942)

Abstract:
In a case study in Huangdu Valley of Anji County，Zhejiang Province，the red soil area was developed and controlled as a watershed unit．Red soil valley was divided into up-layer，middle-layer and bottom-layer for development and control on the top-layer of the valley，trees were planted to store water；in the middle of layer，the wasteland was reclaimed to plant case crops；in the bottom-layer，low-yield paddy fields were meliorated to increase the yield of rice．To promote good circle of economy，social and ecological benefits，the major measures taken include：terrace construction and tree-or grass-planting for soil and water conservation；soil meliorated；stockbreeding；irrigation works and road construction．After 6 years’development and control in Huangdu valley，the rate of vegetation is increa sed by 81．4％ the total area of soil and water losses reduced by 37％．and the average income per head increased by 157％.

A case study of air resource value accounting in Jiangsu Province

WANG Shu-Man, QU Fu-Tian

2002, 10(2): 128-129.

Abstract(1357) PDF(941)

Abstract:
By the case study of air resource accounting in Jiangsu Province，the paper exposes that the economic loss of air pollution is about 10 billion yuan／year in 1990’s．Deducting the depreciation of air resource．GDP decreases 2％～3％。showing that the economic development of Jiangsu Province is in cost of air pollution．

Construction of the platform of precise cultivation network in Luancheng

LI Hong-Jun, CHENG Yi-Song

2002, 10(2): 130-132.

Abstract(901) PDF(879)

Abstract:
Precise agriculture is a kind of new micro-management of agriculture and embodies the trend of agriculture development．Considering the current agricultural conditions of China，it is not feasible only to adopt the precise agriculture models used in the westerrl,countries simply and blindly．The main contents of the p[atfoml of precise cultivation network service in Luancheng are dealt with in this paper．Network service prediction modd on the basis of current agricultural conditions in China is also put forward with a goal of providing a reference model for China ’s precise agriculture development．

The patterns innovation of agricultural technology prog ress in the Western Regions

WANG Wen-Chang, ZHAO Bao-Hong

2002, 10(2): 133-135.

Abstract(1058) PDF(873)

Abstract:
There are two patterns in agricultural technology progress． One is mechanical technology progress，and the other is bio-chemical technology progress．The traditional pattern in the western regions of China is the former one，and it has been proved not to be successful in practical use．So ，in order to realize the agricultural technology progress in the western exploitation，a new pattern-double track system with principal and subordinate type must be created to fit the regional features and the changes of the international and domestic economical environment．The wide use of the innovative pattern must focus on adjusting technology structure，displaying the developing process and widening its applying ranges.

Preliminary studies of management of livestock pollution in China

LI Yuan, SHAN Zheng-Jun, XU De-Hui

2002, 10(2): 136-138.

Abstract(3835) PDF(2773)

Abstract:
This paper analyzes the properties of livestock pollution in China，the main environment problems and the teasons of causing serious pollution by livestock．The management measures of livestock pollution in China are proposed．

Green economy and sustainable development

HUANG Li-Hong, LIN Wen-Xiong, GUO Yu-Chun, CHEN Fang-Yu

2002, 10(2): 139-140.

Abstract(1161) PDF(1188)

Abstract:
The development of the Green Economy is an effective approach to improve economic development and to control environmental deterioration in China．This paper makes comments on,some of the problems existing in the environmental resources of agriculture．Then it expounds the conception of the‘Green Economy’，analyzes its importance to the sustainable development，and puts forward some counterm easures and suggestions corresponding to the sustainable development and the Green Economy．

Exploitation of green foods and promotion of sustainable development of agriculture in Shaanxi Province

YANG Yi-Zhe

2002, 10(2): 141-142.

Abstract(996) PDF(1009)

Abstract:
Combining with demand of the western exploitation，a way of unpolluted productivity should be carved and green foods exploited，sustainable development of agriculture promoted in Shaanxi Province，i．e. taking a full advantage of natura1 resources and developing a distinctive and regnant agriculture．

2002 Vol. 10, No. 2