2002 Vol. 10, No. 4

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Recent development of sustainable agriculture and its relation to Chinese ecological agriculture
CHENG Xu
2002, 10(4): 1-5.
Abstract(1230) PDF(1349)
Abstract:
Based on the review of the trend and development of the sustainable agriculture，as well as the ecology and its guideline theory，in the recent decade，an unique approach to realizing sustainable agriculture in China，which should be quite different from that in developed countries and developing ones，was discussed．The Chinese ecological agriculture (CEA)was considered as an ideal and feasible way for China to promote sustainable agriculture．
Population differentiation of wild soybean based on the RAPD and SSR analysis
ZH0U Xiao-Fu, ZHUANG Bing-Chang, WANG Yu-Min, ZHAO Hong-Kun
2002, 10(4): 6-9.
Abstract(1020) PDF(954)
Abstract:
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)and simple sequence repeat(SSR)analyses were applied to 16 samples of wild soybeans(Glycine soja sieb and Zucc)originated from the region of 25。N．Twenty primers screened with 150 ones yielded 146 RAPD bands which had 60 polymorphic products and 40．8％ of total bands．the average heterozygosity(He)was 0．3248 and the average genetic distance among the 16 samples was 0．1536．Fourteen pairs of soybean SSR primers screened had polymorphism ．the average heterozygosity was 0．6961 and the average genetic distance was 0．2209．Cluster analysis showed there are five small classes divided from the 16 samples and there are some evidence showing genetic variations in the population．The genetic resource is also put forward．
Effect of NaCI stress on permeability of plasma membrane and substance transformation in germinated rice seeds
KE Yu-Qin, PAN Ting-Guo, AI Yu-Fang
2002, 10(4): 10-12.
Abstract(1669) PDF(1217)
Abstract:
Under NaC1 stress，the relative permeability of plasma membrane and the leakages of K+ and Na+ increased，the a-amylase activity declined rapidly，the hydrolysis rate of starch and the content of soluble sugars decreased，the starch grains in the storage tissue of starch was densified．At the same time，the protease activity and the transformation rate of proteins decreased，the residual proteins in the aleurone layer increased and the consumption of dry matters decreased，the hydrolase was inhibited and its extent was lower in salt-tolerant cultivar than in salt-sensitive one．The transformation rate of storage matters was higher in salt-tolerant cultivar than in salt-sensitive one．
Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence of winter wheat
ZHANG Yong-Qiang, MAO Xue-Sen, SUN Hong-Yong, LI Wen-Jie, YU Hu-Ning
2002, 10(4): 13-15.
Abstract(2496) PDF(2399)
Abstract:
Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence of winter wheat show that Tl/2 [the time in ms from the point of variable fluorescence(Fo)to the polnt on the rising curve corresponding to half maximal fluorescence(Fv)],Fv／Fm (the ratio of the variable to maximal fluorescence)，Fv/Fo(the ratio of the variable to minimal fluorescence)，and F1(steady fluorescence)under drought stress condition are evidently lower than those under non-water stres condition．The capacity of PQ store of photosystem II is condensed，and the efficiency of primary light energy conversion of photosystem lI and the potential activities of PS II decrease under drought stress condition．This implies the inhibition of hotosynthetic electron transportation and carbon asimilation under drought stress．
Recovery of root water uptake of winter wheat after water stress
LIU Xiao-Ying, LUO Yuan-Pei
2002, 10(4): 16-20.
Abstract(2018) PDF(1647)
Abstract:
Experiments conducted with winter wheat in greenhouse show that root water uptake is reduced by water stress，and can not recover to the control level even after the relief of stress．The degree of the recovery after rewatering is affected by growth stage at which stress occur，stress level and stress duration．Under the same stress level root water uptake recovers to a lower degree if stress occurs at an earlier stage and to a higher degree if it occurs at later stages．Prolonged stress duration further reduces the recovery of water uptake．The severe stress at different growth stages affects the recovery in a different way．The recovery after severe stress started from three-leaf stage can surpas that after moderate stress，suggesting that earlier severe stress has no more negative effect on the recovery than the moderate stress．At other growth stages，stress level has negative effect on the recovery．Co mparative study of the maximum root dry weight and the maximum root water uptake indicates that recovery of water uptake under moderate stress mainly depends on recovery of the activity of the existing root system ，while that under severe stress mainly depends on the regrowth of new roots．The incapability in recovery of root water uptake represents the main factor for the decreased productivity．
Effect of water stress on nitrogen nutrition efficiency of winter wheat
TANG Yu-Xia, MENG Chun-Xiang, JIA Shu-Long, ZHI Jian-Fei, HU Chun-Fang
2002, 10(4): 21-23.
Abstract(1290) PDF(964)
Abstract:
The pot experiment was couducted by way of controling soil moisture to study the effects of water stress on nitrogen nutrition of winter wheat．The results show that water stress affects the nitrogen absorption，nitrogen transport and yield of winter wheat obviously．The degrees of this effect is higher at jointing to heading stage than at heading to early milking，than at early milking to harvesting，than at reviving to jointing stage．The water stress from jointing to heading stage decreases nitrogen nutrition efficiency of winter wheat significantly．
Study on soil moisture content of protective forest in silting coastal area of Jiangsu Province
HU Hai-Bo, CHEN Jin-Lin, LIANG Zhen-Hai
2002, 10(4): 24-27.
Abstract(1444) PDF(1036)
Abstract:
The paper has studied the variation，seasonal dynamics，and affecting factors of soil moisture content in silting coastal area of Jiangsu Province．The results show that soil moisture content has obvious seasonal variation．which is influenced by stand．In spring，the water content of forest land is higher than that of farmland，which is more obvious with the forest age increasing．There is a great effect of tree roots on soil moisture content，the older the age is，the deeper the effect is．Soil moisture content in different seasons has significant difference，from the top soil to the bottom ，the difference decreases．Applying stepwise regression(the fiducial degree is 0．05)，the equation of soil moisture content(y)can be expresed：y=486.709+2.061X4+1.786X9-4.451X10(R=0.830，X4：content of waterstable granule，X9：rain fall before 15d，X10：evaporalion from water surface)．
Study on root system development and drought resistance of sorghum and millet
PEI Dong, ZHANG Xi-Ying, WANG Jun
2002, 10(4): 28-30.
Abstract(1528) PDF(1213)
Abstract:
A experiment was made to study root system development and drought resistance of sorghum and millet，The results showed that root system of sorghum and millet was enhanced evidently under drought conditions．The average root length of dry biomass of sorghum on the ground was 8m／g，and that of millet was 1lm／g．Their ability to utilize soil water in the depth of 0～100cm was significant，near the wilting point，Such main physiology indexes as photosynthetic rate，stomatal resistance and leaf moisture potential did not act obviously to the decreasing soil moisture．The indexes of sotghum could even keep stable in its experiment moisture range(14％ ～30％ of soil volumetric water content)，so sorghum has more drought tolerance and resistance than millet.
Response of Aneurolepidium chinense on soil drought stress under high C02
GAO Su-Hua, GUO Jian-Ping, ZHOU Guang-Sheng
2002, 10(4): 31-33.
Abstract(977) PDF(1064)
Abstract:
The“applying fertilizer”effects of C02 enrichment on Aneurolepidium chinense are analyzed by using artificial simulation experiment．The results show that when the biomass is increased by above 20％ ．the photosynthesis rate is increased by about 50％ ，at the same time，stoma resistance enhanced，transpiration rate decreased and water use efficient heightened．The impacts of soil drought stress on Aneurolepidium chinense are negative，it is just opposite compared with C02 enrichment．The soil drought stress restrains the“applying fertilizer”effect on some degree under high CO2 concentration．
Analysis of the farmland microclimatic characteristics of cold type wheat during milk-filling
XU Xiu-Juan, ZHANG Song-Wu
2002, 10(4): 34-37.
Abstract(2047) PDF(1691)
Abstract:
Based on the observed data from farmland microclimate．the farmland microclimatic characteristics and it’s forming causes are analyzed．The results show that the illuminance of cold type wheat“Shaan 229”in row is 0．3～6．8klx lower than that of warlTl type wheat“9430”during milk-filling．The soil temperature in 0～0．2m and air temperature in row of“Shaan 229”are 0．2～3．5℃ and 0．2～1．9℃ lower than those of“9430”respectively．the water-vapour pressure and the relative humidity of“Shaan 229”in row are 20～170Pa and 1％～9％ higher than those of“9430”respectively．In other words，the farmland ecological environment of the cold type wheat is cooler and wetter．Those characteristics are caused by biological characteristics of cold type wheat，which are favorable to tolerate the dry-hot weather during milk-filling of wheat．
Winter temperature analysis of vegetable connective plastic greenhouse
WU Yuan-Zhong, LI Jun, YANG Qiu-Zhen
2002, 10(4): 38-39.
Abstract(977) PDF(918)
Abstract:
The temperatures are observed with HOBO PRO SERIES instrument in plastic greenhouses in winter．The relation of temperatures between inside and outside of plastic greenhouse has been discussed on the above base．When the outside temperatures are 10℃ and 15℃ respectively，the temperatures in the greenhouse correspond to 7．5℃ and 16℃ ．The lowest temperature is evaluated，the ending time of lowest temperature is made statistically and the speeds of rising and dropping temperatures are recorded too．The persistent time of the lowest temperature in the greenhouse is 106 minutes at an average，ending at 6：40～8：20 under a clear weather，and is 135 minutes．ending at 6：50～9：00 under an over．cast weather．The time when the temperature rises to 10℃ is at 10：30 under a clear weather，and at 10：40 under an overcast weather．The time when the temperature drops to 10℃ is at 16：00 under a clear weather，and at 16：00～ 19：00 under an overcast weather．
A study on the farmland heat distribution conditions of cold type wheat during milk-filling
XU Xiu-Juan, ZHANG Song-Wu
2002, 10(4): 40-43.
Abstract(1058) PDF(886)
Abstract:
Based on the observed data from farmland microclimate，the farm land heat distribution conditions and the causes are analysed．The results show that the latent heat fluxes of“Shaan229”are 17．35～67．4Ow／m2 and 45+39～153．38w／m2 higherthan those of“9430”and the turbulent heat fluxes of“Shaan 229” are 33．67～ 84．25W ／m2 and 21．24～142+99W／m2 lower than those of“9430”respectively at 0．2m to 2／3 plant height and at 2／3 plant height to plant top in row．The heat flux at soll surface in“shaan229”is 10．8O～13+24w／m2 lower than that in“9430”．The difference of the farm land heat distribution conditions between two temperature type wheats is caused by the difference of the biological characteristics+This difference is the main cause bringing about cooler and wetter farm land ecological environmental of the cold type wheat.
Effect of nitrogen-application and water-fertilizer under plastic film mulching of wheat in dryland farming
DANG Ting-Hui, GUO Sheng-Li, HAO Ming-De, CAI Gui-Xin
2002, 10(4): 44-47.
Abstract(1394) PDF(899)
Abstract:
The experiments of nitrogen．．application and water-fertilizer under mulch cultivation of wheat in arid highland in Changwu，Shaanxi show that the effect of applying nitrogen on yield is obvious，but that of mulch cultivation is not good in special drought year with continual dry in earlier stage．The fertilization is advantageous to improve soil water conditions in 0～100cm of soil horizon and improve water use efficiency．The mulch cultivation plays a role in keeping soil water in earlier stage of wheat growth，and the differences of plantation in mulches and plantation under mulches are not great in soil profile’s moisture．The mulch cultivation can increase soil moisture in upper layer and in plow layer． It is obvious to increase N absorption and improve P and K absorption with nitrogen applying．
Effect of slow or controlled release fertilizer on nutrients absorption and yield in soybean plant
ZHANG Qiu-Ying, LIU Xiao-Bing, JIN Jian, WANG Guang-Hua, Mitsuru OSAKI
2002, 10(4): 48-50.
Abstract(1431) PDF(876)
Abstract:
With slow or controlled release fertilizer，dry matter accumulation，partitioning，nutrients absorption and yield variation in the growing period of so ybean are investigated in pot experiments．The results show that dry matter accumulation during the growing period in all treatments is high than that of control，especially in the treatment of LP-40 and LP-70；however，only those of LP-40，LP-70 and LP-SS100A treatments are higher than control after pod-setting．The controlled release fertilizers with short releasing time have less effect on nitrogen absorption，while the long-time one may reduce the nitrogen absorption at the earlier stage．However the controlled release fertilizers can increase the absorption of K+ to a certain extent，but have no effect on absorption of P043-．LP-SS100A can increase its productivity by 21．9％ ，LP-70 and LP-180A can increase its productivity by 13．1％ and 12．2％ respectively．
The effects of different levels of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers on production and absorption in two barley species
LI Hui-Ying, ZHU Yong-Guan
2002, 10(4): 51-53.
Abstract(1861) PDF(1125)
Abstract:
The effects of different levels of phosphorus and zinc fertilizers on growth，production and nutrient absorption of two barley species (Sahara and Clipper)have been studied in growth chamber pot experiments．The results show that under the condition of Zn deficiency in soil the growth and production of the two barley species are reduced when phosphorus concentrations in the soil are higher and zinc are deficient．The concentrations of phosphorus in the barley shoots increase with the increase of phosphorus levels applied to the soil，but the concentrations of zinc in the shoots decline．High concentrations of phosphorus and low levels of zinc in the soil result in phosphorus toxicity in the barley strains．Higher levels of phosphorus result in decrea sed zinc levels in the barley shoots．There are distinct interactions between phosphorus and zinc in relation to the growth of the barley strains．Two barley species differ significantly with regard to growth and zinc absorption．
Relationship among the application of N，P and the yield characteristics of cluster redpepper
WANG Mei-Fang, SHANG Xing-Jia, XING Yong-Hui, CHEN Guo-Sheng, KONG Fan-Hua
2002, 10(4): 54-57.
Abstract(1219) PDF(957)
Abstract:
The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application on the yield of cluster redpepper and its other relevant characteristics have been studied through a two-year test，using saturated D-optimum design．The results show that phosphorus has larger effect on increasing the pepper numbers of a single plant than nitrogen；N and P have the similar effect onthe weight of a single pepper；N has larger effect on increasing the plant height than P；the shoot number decreases with the increase of P application and increases with the increase of N application；the yield responses show a parabola model to either N or P application According to the fertilizer response equation obtained，the suitable N and P2O5 applied is 281．1lkg／hm2 and 82．11kg／hm2 respectively to get the target yield of 4767 kg／hm2 ．
Effect of anaerobic fermentation residues on nitrate accumulation in leaf vegetables
SHI Ya-Juan, YANG Lin-Shu, LI Guo-Xue
2002, 10(4): 58-61.
Abstract(1226) PDF(1095)
Abstract:
The experiments in pot culture and field are conducted to study the factors of anaerobic fermentation residues (AFR)on nitrate accumulation in leaf vegetables．The exploration of strategy in nitrate accumulation aims at supporting the improvement of energy-environment engineering and the production of safe food．The results show that compared to chemical fertilizer，AFR can decrease the nitrate accumulation in rape and spinach；nitrate content in plant tissue is increased with the increase of percentage of chemical nitrogen in the mixture of chemical fertilizer and AFR．Comparing spraying dressing digested slurry with irrigation，spraying method can reduce the nitrate content of rape，however，a reverse result is found in spinach．The nitrate accumulation in rape affected by AFR has more apparent effect in high fertility soil than that in low one，and the regulation effect is more effectively in high fertility soil．To regulate the nitrate accumulation in plant has more apparent effect on rape under greenhouse cultivation and more apparent effect on spinach under open—air cultivation．
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on vegetable quality
LI Min, LIU Run-Jin
2002, 10(4): 62-64.
Abstract(1411) PDF(1229)
Abstract:
The influence of 4 species of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi，Glornus mosseae，Glomus versiforme，Gigaspora roseo and Sclerocystis sinousa on the quality of watermelon，cucumber，taro and bean is investigated under field conditions．The results show that the contents of vitamin C，amino aeids，raw proteins，sugar and minerals in these vegetables are increased significantly by inoculation with the tested AM fungi．The treatments with G．mosseae show that the contents of VC and phosphorus are 25％ and 63％ increased in bean,raw proteins and total amino acids 19％ and 24％ in taro，soluble sugar，phosphorus and raw proteins 20％ ，26％ and 40％ in cucumber，soluble solid and Vc 25％ and 32％ in watermelon，respectively．It is suggested that the inoculation with AM fungi should be an important measure in increasing production and quality of“green”vegetables ．
Effects of soil acidity adjnstment on root growth and chemical compositions of the cured leaves in flue-cured tobacco
TANG Li-Na, XIONG De-Zhong
2002, 10(4): 65-67.
Abstract(2388) PDF(1669)
Abstract:
The results from pot experiments show that when soil pH value is adjusted to 5.5～6.6 from 5.0，root growth is improved，and the absorption of N，P，K is accelerated，When soil pH value> 7.0，root growth is inhibited．With the increase of the soil pH value，the contents of total nitrogen，nicotine and Ca in cured leaves increase，the contents of total sugar，Mg，Mn，Zn，Cu and B decrease，the content of potassium is nearly not varied．When soil pH value is raised to 5．5～ 6．6 by lime application，the contents of various chemical compositions are rational in cured leaves，the quality of leave is better．It is better for the acid soil to apply lime together with an appropriate amount of magnesium and micro-elements.
Research surveys of allelopathy in plants
LI Shou-Tian, ZHOU Jian-Min, WANG Huo-Yan, CHEN Xiao-Qin
2002, 10(4): 68-70.
Abstract(1113) PDF(1719)
Abstract:
Plant allelopathy is a favorable or harmful effect produced by one plant on another through production of chemical compounds that escape into the environment．In recent years，much progress has been made on distillation，purification，identification，and bioassay of allelochemicals．Allelochemicals are mainly secondary substances of plant，which can influence plants growth by affecting membrane system ，hormone level，minerals uptake，photosynthesis，and respiration．In this article，plant allelopathy is summarized，and research methods and mechanisms of allelopathy are mainly introduced，problems and trends in plant allelopathy research are discused too．
The dynamics of nitrate nitrogen leaching through soil in high-yield farmland ecosystem
LIU Guang-Dong, WU Wen-Liang
2002, 10(4): 71-74.
Abstract(1345) PDF(1310)
Abstract:
In the high yield farmland ecosystem，the dynamics of nitrate nitrogen distribution in soil profile influenced by nitrogen fertilization and crop straw returning practice is studied by field plot experiment．At a certain nitrogen rate，the content of NO3--N decreases with depth，which can be regressively described as a power function Y=aXb．Though little difference is made between the crop straw returning patterns of either wheat-corn and wheat alone，more nitrogen leaching tends to occur in the later practice since more nitrate nitrogen have been accumulated within 0～40cm soil layer．Soil content of NO3--N reaches the summits twice and the valley once in a year．The summits turn up after harvest stages of corn and wheat and the valley lasts from wheat seedling in spring to flowering，when wheat shows the maximum uptake of available nutrient from soil body．Content of NO3--N fluctuates most within 0～40cm layer and almost keeps stable below 60cm depth．The fluctuation of content of NO3--N within the observed year through soil profile as deep as two meters is closely correlated with the rate of nitrogen applied．Until the end of September after raining season，content of NO3--N is up to lOmg／kg．It is therefore predicted that under the conditions of present farmland ecosystem soil nitrogen is leached not only to two meters depth but also out of two meters soil body．
The reason of forming salinized soil and its prevention in automatic green-house
GONG Xian-Cheng
2002, 10(4): 75-76.
Abstract(1126) PDF(819)
Abstract:
The reasons of forming salinized soil in automatic green-house are expounded．The soil in automatic greenhouse is most easily salinized for its own complex productive conditions and circumstances．In order to perfectly prevent soil salinization and ensure output in a high rate and quality，scientific technique indexes and measures are introduced．
Effects of polyacrylamide on germination and growth of several plant seeds
LI Xiao-Hua, LI Wei-Guo
2002, 10(4): 77-79.
Abstract(1416) PDF(1102)
Abstract:
The tests of germination and growth on the seeds of 8 herbaceous and fruticose plants(Medicago sativa，Settria viridis，Hippophae rhamnoides et a1．)treated with polyacrylamide(PHP)at different concentrations show that PHP can promote the germination of the seeds for Kummerowia striata，Hippophae rhamnoides，Medicago sativa，Meliloeus suaveolens at 0．1～1．Og／kg of the rate．It can also promote the germination of the seedlings and length of the roots except that individual treatment has less inhibition．PHP form ulations may obviously inhibit the growth of roots of Lespedeza dararica seedlings at 0．5g／kg of the rate，and may also inhibit the germination of the seeds for Vitex chinensis．PHP may not only express the most significantly and notably inhibition to germination of Themedatriandra Forsk var japnica Makino，Setria viridis，but also significantly promote or has less inhibition to the height of the seedlings and the length of the roots，regardless of the rates．
Research progress in the probiotics of compound microorganisms
LIU Xiu-Mei, NIE Jun-Hua, WANG Qing-Ren
2002, 10(4): 80-83.
Abstract(1860) PDF(1976)
Abstract:
In this paper，the research progress in the probiotics of compound microorganisms is briefly overviewed and the bacterial strains of probiotics，representative products，its mechanism ，agricultural applications and the latest technology of production are discused also．Additionally，some ideas for further studies on probiotics are proposed.
Study on life parameters in natural population of Spodoptera litura (Fabrieius)
QIN Hou-Guo, YE Zheng-Xiang, HUANG Shui-Jin, DING Jian, LUO Ren-Hua
2002, 10(4): 84-86.
Abstract(1205) PDF(1036)
Abstract:
The survival rate，sex ratio，fecundity，index of population trend of natural population of Spodoptera litura of the 4～5th generations are studied and the control function of natural enemies on the natural population of Spodoptera litura is analyzed by means index of population control(IPC)．The results show that the hatching rates of Spodoptera litura of the 4～5th generations’egg are 88．34％ and 89．33％ ，and the survival rates of pupa are 57．74％ and 61．48％ ，and the survival rates of larva are 0．78％ and 0．63％ ，and the sex ratio of adults is 1：1 around，and the numbers of egg oviposition are 1723 and 1477 granules per female，and the indexes of population trend are 3．145 and 2．31，respectively．The control function of spider is the largest on the population number of Spodoptera litura，and indexes of population contro1 are 12．83 and 9．06，disease and natura1 death are secondly，IPCs are 4．54 and 6．33．
Study on the temporal-spatial niche of spider community in cotton field
SHANGGUAN Xiao-Xia, SHEN Wen-Jun, LI Sheng-Cai
2002, 10(4): 87-90.
Abstract(1332) PDF(1243)
Abstract:
The niche of seven dominant spiders in cotton field is analyzed in this paper．According to temporal niche，horizontal spatial niche，vertical spatial niche and temporal-spatial three-dimensional niche，the quantitative estimation of niche breadth and overlap is done also．The results show that the temporal niche breadth value of Pardosa astrigera(0.9218)is maximum，that of Dictyna arundinacea(0.9176)is the second，and the temporal niche overlap values of Misumenops tricuspidatus and Chiracanthium japonicum (0.8083)are maximum．The horizontal spatial niche breadth value of Neoscona doenitzi(0.4307)iS minimum，and others are focused between 0.8814～0.9912，and their horizonta1 spatia1 niche overlap values are focused between 0.7200～0.9500．The vertical spatial niche breadth value of Erigondium gramincola (0.7998)is maximum and the vertical spatial niche overlap values of Erigondium gramincola and Achaearanea tepidariorum (0.7600)are maximum．The three-dimensional niche breadth value of Erigondium gramincola(0.7189)is maximum and the three-dimensional niche overlap values of Erigondium gramincola and Achaearanea tepidariorum (0.3716)，Chiracanthium japonicum and Dictyna arundinacea(0.3715)，Erigondium gramincola and Chiracanthium japonicum (0.3695)are biggist．On the basis of three-dimensional niche overlap value，one competition guild is made out，including Erigondium gramincola，Chiracanthium japonicum ，Achaearanea tepidariorum and Dictyna arundinacea．
Preliminary studies on phytocoenological features of the needle and broad-leaved mixed evergreen forest in Niumulin Nature Reserve Zone of FujJan Province
LI Yu-Hong, YAN Chong-Ling, HUANG Guo-Yong, CHEN Huai-Yu
2002, 10(4): 91-93.
Abstract(1318) PDF(1057)
Abstract:
The community selected from needie and broad-leaved mixed evergreen forest in Niumulin Nature Reserve Zone is analyzed on the basis of study on the floristic geographical composition，sectional structure and species diversity of the community．The results show that the flora of vascular plants contains 119 species and a number of 62 genera in 38 families in the plot with 600m2．Among the floristic geographical elements of seed plants，all sorts of tropical genera and temperate ones amount tO 37 and 19，making up 64．91％ and 33．33％ of all the 62 genera respectively．The community is with more and clearer layers and sublayers in the complicated vertical stratification，and the tree layer can be divided into 4 sublayers，and there are a large number of tree，shrub and liana in it，and the herb is lack of．The species diversity index order for different sections of the community is as follows：shrub layer>tree layer> herb layer> interstratum plant．
Climate division of planting bamboo based on GIS in the Jinggang mountain area
LI Ying-Chun, ZHANG Jian-Ping
2002, 10(4): 94-96.
Abstract(1371) PDF(892)
Abstract:
According to the basic condition of climate in which the bamboo grows normally，the climate division of hamboo in the Jinggang mountain area is carried out by using the Geography Inform ation System ．and then by adding the actual distribution of bamboo in this area with Remots Sensing inspection Finally．the corresponding advise of the forward result of the subarea is put forward．
Construction of mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest with high benefits and fire prevention
LI Zhen-Wen
2002, 10(4): 97-98.
Abstract(1048) PDF(1183)
Abstract:
The paper discusses the important action of planting mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest in dropping cornbustibility，raising forest growth and economic benefit，increasing soil fertility，and strengthening the function of water conservation，etc．A key technology for planting mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest is advanced，which has important significance for expanding mixed broadleaved and coniferous forest with fire prevention in the future．
A study on introduction of Acacia mearnsii in dry-hot valley of Jinsha River Basin
YUAN Yuan-Liang, SUN Hui, TANG Ya
2002, 10(4): 99-100.
Abstract(839) PDF(986)
Abstract:
Introduction of Acacia mearnsii at elevations from 1200m to 2200m of the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River isaimed at testing its adaptabilities to local environment．The results show that the species suit to dry-hot valley environment and has great potentials as a pioneering tree for afforestation in mid-mountain of this area ．The results also indicate that this species grow better at low elevation and on the sites with better conditions．
The countermeasures of biodiversity conservation project in Quanzhou City
HUANG Guo-Yong
2002, 10(4): 101-102.
Abstract(801) PDF(890)
Abstract:
This paper expounds the distinctive geographical climate features and abundant wildlife．The plan，construction，achievements and problems during the ninth“Five Years Plan”and the total goals are also generalized，Suggestions on biodiversity conservation construction during the tenth“Five Years Plan”are provided ，such as the propaganda for the importance of protection of biodiversity and wildlife widespread，their management in a standard way，enlargement of the protective areas，acceleration of the construction，development of scientific research and promotion of the sustainable development，et a1．
A research on establishment of eco-farming shelterbelt system in Liujiayao desert area，Baiyin City
YANG Zi-Hui, PENG Hong-Jia, MAN Duo-Qing, WU Chun-Rong, LU Chang-She
2002, 10(4): 103-104.
Abstract(887) PDF(989)
Abstract:
Based on closing and fixing moving sand，planting grass and breeding livestock，fertilizing soil，an eco-economic shelterbelt system has been established to combat desertifieation in Liujiayao desert area．The stable granule structure under hydrokiensis increases by 17％。as well as the clay granule 23％～37％ ．The holding water capacity enhances to 3％ and organic matter increases by 25．4％ ．The natural vegetation coverage has reached 50．27％ after closing for 3 years．The water resource saVes 38％ in complex eco-link of wolfberry．and a better economic effect has got．
Optimization method of agricultural ecosystem productivity
WANG Zong-Ming, LIANG Yin-Li
2002, 10(4): 105-107.
Abstract(1227) PDF(1066)
Abstract:
Agricultural ecosystem is a complicated marl-made ecosystem and the increase of its productivity is the main object of agricultural production．This paper states the connotation，the extension，and the optimization method of agricultural ecosystem productivity in details and puts forward that the use of biology engineering technology，adjustment of framework，amendment of fertilization model，increasing the devotion of organic and inorganic energy can improve the productivity efectively．The important trend of the Chinese agricultural development in future is harmonizing internal relation of system，increasing the sci-tech proportion，striving tO increase the prod uctivity and protecting eco-environment eficiently，and vigorously developing eco-agricuhure．
Application of ecological field theory to research of crops
YANG Cong-Dang
2002, 10(4): 108-110.
Abstract(1133) PDF(1116)
Abstract:
Ecological field theory is a basic theory of physical ecology．It has been mainly used in forest research and has not been applied in crops breeding and cultivation．The traits and research projects in breeding，physiology and cultivation are analyzed in this paper．It is the first time to expatiate on this theory in crops breeding，physiology and cultivating．It can help the breeders and cultivatiors to overcome the dificulties in research theories ．
Studies on the mathematical model of optimum plantation of“Yongliang 15”wheat
HU Hua
2002, 10(4): 111-114.
Abstract(1220) PDF(957)
Abstract:
The field experiments were carried out by using the principle of agricultural systems engineering and the modular design between quadratic regression and positive rotation，in which the factors of the density(x1)，amount of fertilizer N applied(x2)，amount of P205 applied(x3)，amount of K2O applied(x4)were taken as the adjusting factors，and the yield(y)and benefit(yb)of per hm2，as the index function．A mathematical model，which show the relationships among the yield，benefit of wheat and the different agronomic measures，is established．After optimizing the combination among different planting measures by computer，the yield of wheat exceeds 7500kg／hm2 and the benefit exceeds 6750 Yuan／hm2 ．In this article the interactive effects between different agronomic measures are also studied，which provides scientific basis for the high yield and high benefit of the wheat．
Study on the multiple crops cultivation model in two years taking watermelon and peanut as the main crops
WANG Yong-Qi, KOU Chang-Lin, WANG Qiu-Jie
2002, 10(4): 115-117.
Abstract(1483) PDF(1117)
Abstract:
According to the resources of 1ight，heat，water and fertility in the sandy area of Henan Province，a new cuhiration model interplanting with different crops is studied for the raise of utilization efficiency of resources ．The rational interplantation of earlymaturing watermelon，no-seed watermelon，lean，peanut and wheat in this model supplies a useful experience for the high effective agricultural production．The arrangement and the cultivated method of the main crops in this model are introduced，and the expected economic efficiency is also evaluated in the thesis．The results show that the traditional rotation system of wheat-peanut in Kaifeng sandy area can only bring a net profit of 10．59 thousands yuan each hm2 in two years，while the new cultivated model can bring 39．36 thousands yuan each hm2． The economic efficiency with the new cultivated model can raise 271．7％ more than that with the tradition method ．
Study on compound ecological models of orchard taking Grain amaranths as a link
LIU Yuan-Qiu, GUO Xiao-Min, DU Tian-Zhen, NIU De-Kui
2002, 10(4): 118-120.
Abstract(1250) PDF(976)
Abstract:
The analysis on the biological and ecological characteristics of Grain amaranths illustrates that the ecosystem of orchard taking Grain amaranths as a link has higher efficiency of utilizing energy，can increase primary output and reduce the consumption of auxiliary energy．It can increase the knot of utilizing material during matter recycling and efficiency of material changing．The study also states three models of orchard taking Grain amaranths as a link and their characteristics on structure．
Study on different high-efficient models of eco-agriculture in Hunan Province
HUANG Dao-You, WANG Ke-Lin, LIU Qin-Yun, ZOU Yong-Xia
2002, 10(4): 121-124.
Abstract(1074) PDF(1313)
Abstract:
Six typical models of high-efficient eco-agriculture have been described in different kinds of districts in Hunan Province．Through systemic analysis of its structure evolvement，the production factors dispose by reason of the resources of development of eco-agriculture，compared interests urge and the effective mechanism of technical form and science advancement are announced．
Study on biodiversity of Yi nationality’S homegarden in Yunnan Province—A case study from Yongzhao Village，Wuding County，Yunnan Province
CAI Chuan-Tao, FENG Yao-Zong, ZHANG Zhi-Ying
2002, 10(4): 125-126.
Abstract(1226) PDF(860)
Abstract:
The research on biodiversity of homegarden in Yongzhao Village，Wuding County，Yunnan Province，whereall people are Yi nationality，shows that total number of biological species in homegarden is 109 of which the vegetables account for 33．0％ ．economic trees 21．1％ ．and animals 14．7％ 、The biological species have been changed with the history of our country．The frequency of planting different biological species in homegarden is different，There are 13 species of which the planting frequency is over 90％ ．Otherwise．the biological breed is very rich and the number of breed is 1～7．The species richness index is from 3．21 tO 7．67 and increases with the increase of structural layer of homegarden．
The exploitation and utilization of wild vegetable resources in Henan Province
WANG Guang-Yin, LIU Hui-Chao
2002, 10(4): 127-128.
Abstract(1677) PDF(1429)
Abstract:
The wild vegetable resources in Henan Province involve 91 families，226 genera and 415 species ．Their geographical distribution，exploitation and utilization are stated and the characteristics of species ，biological properties，eatable parts，collection time and growth environment are also analyzed．Finally，the ways of rational exploitation and utilization of wild vegetable resources are put forward．
The eco-agricultural construction of oases andits sustainable development in Xinjiang
LAI xian-Qi, QIN Li, ZHANG Feng-Hua
2002, 10(4): 129-130.
Abstract(1648) PDF(1178)
Abstract:
The structure，function，and developing factures of oases’agriculture in Xinjiang are stated in this paper．It is pointed out that eco-agriculture construction of oases is an effective technical system for a large-scale governing windblown sand and the development of agricultural production，including further optimizing the system of cropland shelter belt，practicing the farming technique of defense windblown sand，implementing the technique of economizing water，doing well the construction adjustment，optimizing the arrangement of natural resources and farmland manure，enforcing the family planning，and stimulating the sustainable development of agriculture．
The classification method of interaction in combined pollution system
YANG Jin-Zhong, HAO Jian-Ping
2002, 10(4): 131-133.
Abstract(1150) PDF(1080)
Abstract:
The system of pollutant interactions is analyzed and relevant applications are suggested on the basis of experimental schemes ，action sources ，action directions and relationships among actions．There are three patterns of interactions including strengthening，weakening and inducing，seven types of interactions between two factors，and thirteen subtypes of joint effect under four basic types of the joint effect．The philosophy of interactions can promote a good understanding of joint effects of two or more factors on organisms．Then the method of the Half Lethal Dose Index is also corrected and extended．
A study on control and treatment countermeasures of solid waste of Chongming Island
XU Qiong-Yu, WANG Xiang-Rong
2002, 10(4): 134-136.
Abstract(1362) PDF(1520)
Abstract:
The control and treatment of solid waste is one of the earnest environmental problems needed to be resolved in the development of modern cities．At present，about 2／3 of domestic waste，2／5 of industrial solid waste and 2／5 of livestock and fowl manure have not been trea ted properly in Chongming Island and it has caused serious contamination．This paper analyzes the present state of solid waste on Chongming Island and forecasts its developing trend．The appropriate treatment measures to solid waste of Chongming Island，the idea of carrying out classifying collection of solid waste within the Island and a series of control and treatment countermeasures are put forward．
Reform of environmental policy in China
ZHANG Min, JIANG Xue-Min
2002, 10(4): 137-139.
Abstract(1266) PDF(1073)
Abstract:
Market failure often occurs in resources allocation，as the property right of environmental resources is not clear，so the government interference is needed．However，the environmental policy in China still has the characteristics of planning economy i．e．the executive measures take the first place while law and economical measures are not sufficiently applied．It is very difficult for government to make reasonable choice between equality and efficiency in allocating resources．A new view is put forward that the government can play a role in well—defined property rights of resources，while the allocation of resources is to be optimized by market mechanism．The tradable emission permits should be an optimum approach to solve the environmental problems on the condition of socialist market economy in China．

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