中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Biochemical genetics of paralichthys olivaceus population－I．A study on tissue－specific patterns of allozymes

LI Zhong-Bao

2003, 11(2): 1-4.

Abstract(905) PDF(854)

Abstract:
The allozyme patterns of AAT ，EST ，SOD，MDH，LDH ，and ME in heart，muscle，branchia，eye，kidney，liver，intestine，spleen and stomach of paralichthys olivaceus(T．et S．)were studied by using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis．The results indicate that four allozymes (EST，SOD，MDH，and ME)show the same expressions of allozyme in different tissues，and two allozymes (AAT，LDH)show the different expressions of allozyme in different tisues ，which may be controlled by diferent gene loci or different alleles in the same gene locus，are closely related to the tisues-specific biochemical metabolism．

The genetic variation analysis of the fast-growing broiler breeders by RAPD marking technique

WANG Guang-Ying, CHEN Qing-Sen, LI Wen-Ji

2003, 11(2): 5-7.

Abstract(1394) PDF(1016)

Abstract:
RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)was used with 28 primers to analyze the genetic variation among the sires and the dams of AA，Avain，and Cobb chickens in this experiment．The results show that the average similarity coefficient of the 6 groups is 70.7％．the dams of Avain and Cobb chicken share the highest similarity coefficient at 81．0％．and Avf and AAm share the lowest similarity coefficient at 6 1．2％．And the similarity coefficient within the breed is not necessary greater than that of breed to breed，showing that the correctness of the present broiler breeding program，and implying that the crossbreeding of Avf and AAm will attain the maximum heterosis．DNA marking technology provides methods for studying the genetic materials of foreign breed chickens，and it is also the important references for selecting broiler breeds and crossbreeding．

The bioassay of ferulic acid and cinnamic acid allelopathic to Chinese fir

CAO Guang-Qiu, LIN Si-Zu, DU Ling, LIN Gui-Lian, LIU Yan

2003, 11(2): 8-10.

Abstract(2338) PDF(1734)

Abstract:
By bioassay of germination of Phaseolus aureus，Glycine max，Cucumis sativas，Brassica oleracea and Zea mays，the allelopathic of Ferulic acid and Cinnamic acid to Chinese-fir is analyzed．The results show that the high concentration of Ferulic acid inhibits the germination of the above vegetable seeds，while with the concentrations decreasing，the inhibited effects get weak．The high concentration of Cinnamic acid inhibits the effects on germ ination of Phaseolus aureus，Glycine max, Cucumis sativas and Zea mays seeds，while with its concentrations decrea sing，the inhibited effects get weak also．However，the high concentration of Cinnamic acid shows a positive effect to Brassica oleracea．

Changes of endogenous hormone contents during grain development in different types of rice

HUANG Jin-Wen, LIANG Kang-Jing, LIANG Yi-Yuan, LIN Wen-Xiong

2003, 11(2): 11-13.

Abstract(1497) PDF(1208)

Abstract:
The difference of grain filling on sink basis and the related endogenous plant hormones contents of rice are studied with different types of rice．The results show that the superior grains of rice in each entry have higher grain-filling rates than the inferior grains and it is contrary in the late grain-filling stage．Among the three rice cuhivars concerned，the superior-inferior grains of“IR_65600.85”are an asynchronous grain—filling type，in turn leading to much lower grain filling in the inferior grains．Analyzing from the hormones of grains，the superior gr ains perform higher contents of IAA and ABA ，higher ratios of ABA／IAA，ABA／GA_l+3 and ABA／(IAA+GA1+3+ZR_s+ABA)than the inferior grains in each entry during the early stage of grain-filling．The situations in the inferior grains are contrary，especially those in “IR_65600.85”，therefore they show lower grain filling and percentage of filled grains．

Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on polyamine contents and the aetivity of related enzymines in rice (Oryza sativa L．)

GUO Yu-Chun, LIN wen-Xiong, WU Xing-Chun, LIANG Kang-Jing, LIANG Yi-Yuan

2003, 11(2): 14-17.

Abstract(1073) PDF(1035)

Abstract:
Experimental results show that when the plants are exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation for 7～14 days．the activities of agrinine decarboxylase (ADC)，ornithine decarboxylase(ODC)and s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(SAMDC)in leaves are increased by 165．74％，104．60％and 89．60％in“Shan You63”(Sy63)，59．91％，41．30％and 23．68％ in“Nancheum”(NC)and 115．93％，14．45％and-33．01％in IR_65600.85，respectively．However，the three enzymic activities turn to decrease with the treatment time increasing(21～28d)and the decreased extents of ODC and SAMDC are much higher than that of ADC．The activities of ADC and ODC are increased by 89．72％ and 3．71％ in Sy63 and 73．95％and 27．38％ in NC exposedto UV-B radiationfor 21～28 days．The activity of ADC is alsoincreased by 94．41％ but ODC activity is decreased by 13．57％ in the leaves of IR_65600.85 compared with the controls．As far as SAM DC is concerned，the enzym ic activities in Sy63，NC and IR_65600.85 are reduced by 40．06％，19．20％ and 38．21％respectively when they are exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation for 21-28 days．The reverse is true in the case of polyamine oxidase(PAO)，indicating its lower activity in earlier treatment courses(7～14d)，but much higher activity in late courses(21～28d)compared with the controls．The in turn result in the increased contents of polyamine(PA)，espedally putrescine(Put)and the results of the experiment have shown their differences in diverse rice genotypes．

Study on the impacts of ozone concentration on vegetables

GUO Jian-Ping, WANG Chun-Yi, WEN Min, BAI Yue-Ming

2003, 11(2): 18-20.

Abstract(1061) PDF(1085)

Abstract:
The different 0₃ concentration experiments on spinach and Chinese cabbage were conducted in open top chamhers and the impacts of different 0₃ concentration on the growth and development，physiological characteristic parameters of spinach and Chinese cabbage were analyzed．The results show that the stomatal resistance is increased，photosynthesis rate and the biomass of above-ground and sub-ground are decreased in large scale when the o₃ concentration enrichment．When O₃ concentration arrives at 200umol／kmol，the above ground biomass of spinach and Chinese cabbage are less than 1／9 and 1／3 and the sub-ground biomass are decreased by 79．8％ and 69．3％．respectively．

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on salinity tolerance of cotton

FENG Gu, ZHANG Fu-Suo

2003, 11(2): 21-24.

Abstract(1623) PDF(1606)

Abstract:
Artificial salt soil and five nature salinized soils are used to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM )fungi on the saline tolerance of cotton．The results show that the inoculation with AM fungi increases the biomass of cotton plant under both artificial and nature salinized soils significantly．The effects of AM fungi on cotton growth are also promoted with the increa se of salt 1evels．This may indicate that the mycorrhizal-plant association is bcneficia1 for plant growth in salinity environment．Phosphorus concentrations in non-mycorrhizal plant show a up trend with saline level increasing and mycorrhizal plants have higher phosphorus concentration at all salt levels than that of non-mycorrhizal plants．This indicates that cotton plant needs more phosphorus to maintain metabolism and growth under salt stress．

Factor analysis on rice quality under different environments

LIANG Kang-Jing, LIN Wen-Xiong, CHEN Zhi-Xiong, LI Ya-Juan

2003, 11(2): 25-28.

Abstract(1042) PDF(1390)

Abstract:
Factor analysis method was applied to study 13 rice quality traits of 62 rice varieties under different environments．The results show that the cumularive contributions made by the former 5 main factors for variation are above 89．0％．In early season，chalky grain rate (CGR)，chalkiness (CH)，brown rice rate (BRR)，milled rice rate (MRR)，head rice rate (HRR)，broken rice rate，ratio of brown rice width to thickness (WTR)and ratio of brown rice length to width (LWR) are the main factors，which affect the rice quality，while in late season brown rice width (BRW)，head rice rate (HRR)，milled rice rate (MRR)，brown rice length (BRL)and amylose content (AC) are the main factors，Which affect the rice quality．There is a positive correlation between main factors，such as chalk and broken rice rate，WTR and LWR，BRR and WTR in early season．There exists a positive correlation between main factors，such as BRW，MRR and AC，MRR ，BRL and AC in late season，while there is a negative correlation between main factors，such as cha lk and BRR，MRR and HRR，BRR，MRR，HRR and BRR，WTR and LWR，BRR and LWR，WTR and LWR in early season．There exists a negative correlation between main factors，such as BRW and HRR ，MRR，BRL and AC，HRR and BRL．MRR and AC in late season．

Ion distribution in plant and salt tolerability of leaves of Malus zumi under stress of NaCI

FENG Xue-Zan, WANG Yu-Zhen, LUO Jing-Lan, AN Zhong-Min, ZHOU Gui-Lian

2003, 11(2): 29-31.

Abstract(1217) PDF(938)

Abstract:
The contents of K⁺，Na⁺，C1^-and the percentage of electrolyte leakage of Malus zumi leaves under NaC1 stress are measured and analyzed．The results show that the ability of absorbing and transporting K⁺ of Malus zumi changes littie，and the contents of K⁺，Na⁺，C1^-increase as the concentration of NaC1 rises；the quantity of C1^- transported from roots to shoots is more than those of K⁺，Na⁺；the damage to the plant of Malus zumi caused by N is more serious than that caused by C1^-．The resistibility of Malus zumi leaves to N is 5．76g／kg and to C1^- is 14．17g／kg．

The relationship between relative evapotranspiration and leaf area index and surface soil water content in winter wheat field of North China Plain

WANG Jing, LI Xiang-Ge, LIU En-Min, YU Qiang

2003, 11(2): 32-34.

Abstract(1379) PDF(1164)

Abstract:
The actual evapotranspiration and water surfaca evaporation are observed by weighting lysimeter and E601 evaporation pan in the growing season of winter wheat in the North China Plain．The relative evapotranspiration of winter wheat(the ratio of the actual evapotranspiration to water surface evaporation)shows the characteristics of water depletion of winter wheat determined by soil water content and crop factors．Based on the analysis of the relationship between relative evapotranspiration and leaf area index and soil water content．an empirical function has been constructed ：RE =1n(1+ )(1．03+0,68 LAJ)．In the fie1d condhitions，the eva1uation of actual evapotmnspimtion by re1ative evapotranspiration and water surface evaporation provides a helpful information for irrigation scheduling of winter wheat．

Analysis dynamics and influence elements of winter wheat normalized difference vegetation index in mountain-foot plain

MAO Xue-Sen, ZHANG Yong-Qiang, SHEN Yan-Jun

2003, 11(2): 35-36.

Abstract(1483) PDF(1225)

Abstract:
Normalized difference vegetation index(NDⅥ)is calculated from reflectance measurements in the red-NIR of the spectrum：NDⅥ =(NIR-R)／(NIR+R)．The amount of energy reflected from a plant in the visible and near inflared portion of the spectrum has been correlated to many crop characteristics．In this paper we have measured the daily and seasona1 NDⅥ dynamics and the effects of 1eaf area index (LAI)and wheat variety on NDⅥ ．The results show that with the development of winter wheat，NDVI changes，and during daytime，from sunrise to sunset，NDⅥ changes too．There is high correlation between NDVI and LAI and different wheat varieties have different NDV1．

Effects of CO₂ enrichment，nitrogen and soil moisture on growth and dry matter ccumulation of spring wheat

LI Fu-Sheng, KANG Shao-Zhong, ZHANG Fu-Cang

2003, 11(2): 37-40.

Abstract(861) PDF(964)

Abstract:
Spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L．CV．Dingxi No．8654)is treated with the concentrations of 350umol／mol and 700umaol／mol of atmospheric C0₂ at two levels of soil moisture(wet and drought)and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer(0mg/kg_soil，50mg／kg_soil，100mg／kg _soil，150mg／kg_soil and 200mg／kg_soil)．The study shows that C0₂ concentration enrichment does not increase the tillers of spring wheat，while in low N treatment，tillers are reduced significantly．The results indicate that tillering of spring wheat needs enough N nutrition under atmospheric CO₂ concentration enrichment．At 55 days after sowing，the elevated C0₂ increases the leaf width and leaf area index(LAf)with N-added treatment but does not show any increase of those without N-added treatment． Adequate N and water can hasten the leaf growth and increase the leaf area and tiller．The effects of enriched 0 concentration on shoot dry mass depend on soil nitrogen leve1．In the medium N and high N trea tments，shoot dry mass increases significa ntly，but does not increase sign ificantly in the low N trea tment．CO₂ concentration enrichment does not increase more shoot dry mass in drought treatment than in wet treatment．Thus，the elevated C0₂ does not ameliorate the depressive effects of drought and nitrogen stres．In addition，the elevated C0₂ concentration does not increase root dry mas and root／shoot ratio，on the other hand，root dry mas decreases slightly and root／shoot ratio decreases significantly owing to CO₂ enrichment without N-added treatment under wet condition．

Effect of zinc on fertilizer utilization rates of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium ，grain yield and quality in maize

YANG Li-Hua, GUO Li-Min, FU Wan-Xin

2003, 11(2): 41-43.

Abstract(959) PDF(981)

Abstract:
The application of ZnO 4．2kg／hm² has a very obvious synergism function on N and K absorption and utilization of maize，and can increase the fertilizer utilization rates of N and K by 35．84％ and 141．07％ respectively．thus increasing the yield by 7．63％，and can also enhance the contents of protein，fat，starch and total sugar in corn grain by 5．63％，5．37％，2．69％ and 2．29％ respectively．Zn has an antagonistic action on P absorption and utiliza tion．and decreases P utilization rate．

Competitions between water，nutrient，and light of Choerospondias axillaris trees and peanut in the low hilly land of red soil．-I．Growing and developing properties and their yields of Choerospondias axillaris trees and peanut

WANG Ming-Zhu, ZHANG Bin

2003, 11(2): 44-46.

Abstract(1019) PDF(1058)

Abstract:
Compound plantation of Choerospondias axillaris trees and peanut can promote the growth of Choerospondias awillaris in the low hilly land of red soil．Production of peanut has been increased year after year with soil ripening．But the growth of peanut in agroforestry shows metamorphosis after the second year and its yield and biomass show a progressire decrease owing to Choerospondias axillaris．

Effect of a long-term organic fertilization on wheat yield and soil fertility on Loess Plateau

FANG Ri-Yao, TONG Yan-An, GENG Zeng-Chao, LIANG Dong-Li

2003, 11(2): 47-49.

Abstract(1255) PDF(66)

Abstract:
A long-term experiment on Loess Plateau shows that the long term application of organic manure,the content of soil organic matter and total and available nutrients can be raised and the also be improved.Finally,the regulate capability of moisture,fertilizer,air,hot are raised. The increased yield effect of a long-term application of straw is the best.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizers on methane oxidation in soils by methan otrophs

DING Wei-Xin, CAI Zu-Cong

2003, 11(2): 50-53.

Abstract(1327) PDF(1051)

Abstract:
The paper reviews the effects of the applied amount and the type of nitrogen fertilizers on methane oxidation in soils by methanotrophs and the counteraction of high methane concentration on nitrogen suppression．Soils have a natural ability to fix the allowed extent of exogenous nitrogen through absorption and chelating and so on with soil colloids，etc．and ensure a constant rate of methane consumption from atmosphere．The activity and growth of methanotrophs can be stimulated by appropriate nitrogen addition into soils，but also suppressed by nitrogen more than the critical value fixed by soils．In genera1．methanotroph Type I is more sensitive to environmental disturhation than methanotroph Type．Atmospheric methane oxidation mainly affected by methanotroph Type I and methanotroph Type II in natural soils can be reduced by addition of nitrogen fertilizers into soils，which is a long-term suppression effect and is unreversible，and can not be restored by high methane ratio as such in paddy soils．

Studies on the relationship between source and pool of sulfur in typical agro-ecosystems of Beijing suburb

WANG Qing-Ren, CUI Yan-Shan

2003, 11(2): 54-56.

Abstract(1075) PDF(1039)

Abstract:
Studies on relationship of sulfur (S) source and poo1 in typica1 agro-ecosystems of Beijing suburb are carried out．The paper mainly deals with the characteristics of the system，effect of economy and farming style on S input and output．The results show that the source and pool of S in some subsystems can be changed at different periods．Based on the direction and rates of S flux into and from the system ，the pathways，complementary effects，profit and loss are determined quantitatively．For example，after a complete rotation，the outputs of S by Corn and wheat are 14．66 kg/hm² and 11．8kg／hm²，the inputs are 2．78kg／hm² and 9．73kg／hm² through roots and residues returned to soil，respectively．Taking account of all the pathways，46．1kg／hm² S is lost from and 37．2kg／hm² annually can be returned to the soil．Therefore，we can suggest that 8．9kg／hm² S per year should be replaced by S containing fertilizers to compensate S loss from the soil．

Utilization of soil water and nitrogen resources in dry land under a long-term fertilizer experiment

FAN Jun, HAO Ming-De

2003, 11(2): 57-60.

Abstract(1221) PDF(934)

Abstract:
Utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer and use of deep storage water are studied on the base of a long-term located fertilizer test in this paper．The results show that utilization rate of N is higher in dry land．Lots of N may increase the production and reduce the storage of water．Soil moisture is adjusted by soil reservoir greatly，which is important in drought region．

Tile K supplying capability and characteristics of organic fertilizers to soil

ZHOU Xiao-Fen, ZHANG Yan-Cai, LI Qiao-Yun

2003, 11(2): 61-63.

Abstract(1824) PDF(1295)

Abstract:
The K supplying capability and characteristics of five conventional organic fertilizers，e．g．，cattle manure，pig manure，chicken manure，crop residue and green manure，are studied．The results show that the fertilizer K which is converted into rapidly available K of soil reaches a balance about 30 days of culturing in soil，but the fertilizer K which is converted to slowly available K of soil tends to steadiness after 70 days．The transformation rates of the available K of fertilizers in soil are about 50％～87％，and those of the slowly available K are about 50％～ 80％．In different K sources ，the K supplying capability of wheat straw is higher than that of K fertilizer，but that of three manures is lower than that of fertilizer K ．The K supplying capability of organic fertilizer is related to soil types and soil environments．

The decomposition of organic matter and the change of available nutrient in chestnut soil of Hebei Province

ZHANG Li-Juan, LI Yan-Hui, ZHANG Jin-Zhu, DUAN Zhao-Ge, WANG Qing-Wen

2003, 11(2): 64-66.

Abstract(1434) PDF(1143)

Abstract:
The decomposition of organic matter and the change of available nutrient in chestnut soil are studied through the experiment with nylon bags．The results show That during the first thirty days，the rates of organic fertilizer deeomposition are 32．68％ and 30．32％ in upland chestnut soil and dry meadow chestnut soil respectively；fertilizing new organic matter can increase the active coefficient of organic matter in the soil，the average is about 16％，the order of the active coefficient is COW manure>naked oak stalk>pea stalk；after the organic manure is decomposed for one year，the organic carbon of sol1 and available N，P，and K increase significantly，the values of organic C are 106．67％～ 135．00％ and53．33％～ 58．18％ in tWO kinds of soils，available nutrient N ，P，and K are 34．62％～ 52．31％ and 21．10％～ 50．37％，18．2O％～207．60％ and 34．2O％～210．05％，64．92％～ 143．12％ and 28．75％～102．49％．

Chemical fertilizers input and soil nutrient resources in winter wheat-corn rotation system in Huantai County

WU Wen-Liang, ZHANG Xin-Ming, ZONG Shuan-Jin

2003, 11(2): 67-69.

Abstract(1228) PDF(1154)

Abstract:
This paper deals with the chemical fertilizer input and soil nutrient resource in winter wheat-corn rotation system in Huantai County of Shandon4g Province．The results show that form 1990 to 1996，after one-ton-yield county is established in 1990，the average annual rates ofnitrogen，phosphorus(P₂0₅)and potassium(K₂O)fertilizers are 599．4±64．8kg／hm²，211．0±26．4k/hm²，103．6±21．2kg／hm²，respectively；and N：P₂0₅：K₂O ratio is 1：0．353(±0．033)：0．176(±0．046)．It is also shown that from 1990 to 1996，the average contents of soil organic matter，alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen，available phosphorus(P) and available potassium (K)are 14．6±0．3g／kg，64．2±2．9mg／kg，8．5±1．5mg／kg and 83．8±8．2mg／kg，showing that irratiohal strueture of fertilizer input occurs in Huantai County，and we should decrease its nitrogen input，maintain current phosphorus level and increase the input of potassium fertilizer in Huantai County．

Effect of different interferences on soil characters in saline soil of Hexi Corridor arid zone

LIU Hu-Jun, WANG Ji-He, HU Ming-Gui, YANG Zi-Hui, JI Yong-Fu

2003, 11(2): 70-72.

Abstract(1306) PDF(1060)

Abstract:
The effects of different interferences on saline soil characters are compared in arid area of Hexi Corridot by random investigation．The Ca²⁺ content reduces and HC0₃^- content increases in surface layer of soil on the land of planting pear tree，breeding pyrus betulaefolia Bage，growing wheat，discarded land，and fallow．The reducing ratio of Ca²⁺ content in soil of breeding Pyrus betulaefolia Bage is the biggest．The value of buck density is related with the amount of root，sa1ine soi1 character and organic matter．The discarded 1and and fallow wil1 reduce suitable activity of soi1 for growth．Planting wheat is the best way to improve saline soil in the arid zone．

Effect of combined fertilization techniques on nitrogen and phosphorns in soil in the black soil region

WANG Zhan-Zhe, CHEN Yuan, WANG Wen-Gang

2003, 11(2): 73-75.

Abstract(988) PDF(902)

Abstract:
In this experiment，the effects of fertilization techniques combined with organic manure，biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil are investigated．The results show that compared with single chemieal fertilizer，soil full nitrogen content in every treatment of combined fertilizers increases by 0．05g]kg，rapidly available N increases by 6．6～44．6mg／kg exceptforthetreatment II，soilfull phosphorus contentincreases by 0．15～0．29 g]kg，rapidly available phosphorus increases by 15．68～51．07rag／kg；the recruitments of full nitrogen and rapidly available nitrogen increase by 0．2～0．25g／kg and 11．6～39．4rag／kg，respectively，and full phosphorus and rapidly available phosphorus increase by 0．09～0．24g／kg and 23．59～57．82mg]kg，respectively．The economic benefits(net income)in every treatment increase by 19．4％～ 37．3％ compared with the control group．

Studies on the nutrient characteristics of soil and halophyte in coastal saline soil of Hebei Province

LIU Xiao-Jing, LI Wei-Qiang, YANG Yan-Min, DUAN De-Yu

2003, 11(2): 76-77.

Abstract(1380) PDF(1777)

Abstract:
Based on the field investigation，soil and plant samples are analyzed to study the nutrient characteristics of soil and halophyte in coastal saline soil in Hebei Province．The results show that the halophyte species is different with the difference of soil salt content．Nitraria sibirica Pal1．can grow in the more salinity saline soil．Because of the growth of halophytes ，the soil nutrient content is increased and it is higher in the soils with Nitraria sibirica Pall and Tamarix chinensis Lour．than that in the soils with Suaeda salsa (L.)Pall. and Puccinellia distans(L.)Par1．N，P contents in Nitraria sibirica Pall and Tamarix chinensis Lour．plants are higher than those in the plants of Suaeda salsa (L．)Pal1．and Puccinellia distans(L．)ParI.K content in the plants has the tendency to increase with the increase of soil salt content．

The concept，mechanism，affecting factors and prospect of applying bio-organic fertilizer

LI Qing-Kang, ZHANG Yong-Chun, YANG Qi-Fei, YANG Zhuo-Ya, LI Yan

2003, 11(2): 78-80.

Abstract(2558) PDF(2156)

Abstract:
The authors discuss the concept，mechanism and afecting factors of bio-organic fertilizer，analyze the fertilizer eficiency mechanism and its applied effect of Chaoda bio-organic fertilizer and wondergrow high efficient organic fertilizer in crops，point out that the mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer is the coordination of microrganism ，high quality organic fertilizer and active materials produced in the fermentation processing，therefore，the fertilizer has good prospect in both organie food prod uction and safe food prod uction．

Studies on production of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by utilizing the lees of grape wine

HAN Shu-Min, WAN GJiu-Liang

2003, 11(2): 81-83.

Abstract(1549) PDF(1274)

Abstract:
This paper reports a method for the production of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer by using the lees of grape wine，such as skin and pips of grape，as raw materia1．It includes the chemical disposal，aerobic compost and compound inorganic fertilizers N，P and K．In this fertilizer organic matter content is over 300g/kg and total content of N，P，K is over 250g／kg．Compared with other chemical compound fertilizer containing the same contents of N，P，K，the fertilizer can increase crop yield by 10％．improve crop quality significantly and ameliorate the fertilizer availability of soil．

A preliminary study on the dynamicmodel and computer simulation system ofgreenhouse tomato growth

SUN Zhong-Fu, CHEN Ren-Jie

2003, 11(2): 84-88.

Abstract(1475) PDF(1652)

Abstract:
A greenhouse tomato dynamic model is developed that the solar radiation is taken as the basic driving factor，and a computer simulation system is programmed on MS Windows 98 also．The model as a multi-functional perfect one includes the most important mod ules such as solar radiation，carbon balance analysis，crop morphological development，dry matter partitioning，etc．The computer simulation system is designed with mixed languages by PowerStation Fortran 4．0 and MS Visual Basic 6．0．By using this programming technique，the software keeps friendly and harmonious in function and interfaca．

Influences of different managements of winter wheat residues on seedling growth and grain yield of summer corn

WANG Qi-Xian, WANG Pu, WANG Xiu-Ling, LU Lai-Qing

2003, 11(2): 89-92.

Abstract(1187) PDF(1019)

Abstract:
With mid-late maturity maize cultivar“Nongda 108”．the experiment including four management ways of winter wheat such as burned，low wheat stubble (20cm high) with mulched (amount of 4350 kg／hm²)，high stubble (40cm high) with mulched (2460kg／hm²)and low stubble(CK) was carried out．The results show that wheat straw mulched back in maize field can promote seedling root growing while straw burned to the ground inhibit it；in terms of stem growth，the cutring height of winter wheat stubble heavily influences it as well as burned ；leaf chlorophyll content of burned is the highest while that of high with mulched is the lowest from maize emergence to 23 days old，from then on，mulched，especially the low with mulched ，dramatically increases leaf chlorophyll content．There is no difference between low stubble．burned ；and high with mulched in grain yield．Low with mulched acquires the highest grain yield of 10．68 t／hm² and is significantly different from the other trea tments．

Research on ecological effect of wheat with plastic film in dry land

WEN Xiao-Xia, HAN Si-Ming, ZHAO Feng-Xia, LIAO Yun-Cheng, LI Gang

2003, 11(2): 93-95.

Abstract(1481) PDF(1377)

Abstract:
The mulched planting technique with plastic film has a high ecological effect．It can increase soil water storage capacity in arid land．In comparison with different tillage systems，it is more effective on soil moisture content than the method of furrow drilling beside plastic film,the water content increases by 2．1％ in wintering and 1．6％ in shooting；it has more effects on the increase of soil temperature before winter while using hole seeding on plastic film，the total temperature increa ses by 160^。C and the quantity of soil microbe increases．In treatment of furrow drilling beside plastic film ，the soil microbe can be increased in varying degrees ，the wheat yield and utilization efficiency of nutrient can be improved，in which the high capacity of total N can reach 166．5kg/hm² and the total P can reach 22．1kg／hm²．

Research on technical system for the hiigh-benefit ecological agriculture in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area

JIANG Da-Bing, LI Feng, PENG Ming-Xiu

2003, 11(2): 96-98.

Abstract(861) PDF(866)

Abstract:
According to the situation of eco-environment in the Three-Gorge Reservoir area，the main eco-environmental problems and the latent environment capacity are analyzed．Effect of research and practice on the technical system of highbenefit eco-agriculture in the Three-Gorge area in the last few years have been summarized and the high-benefit eco-agricultural model and technique to be fit for the Three-Gorge area are put forward．

An evaluation of resource for pumping water with electricity generated by wind energy in area of agriculture and husbandry in Ningxia

LIU Jing, WANG Lian-Xi, DAI Xiao-Li

2003, 11(2): 99-102.

Abstract(1484) PDF(1125)

Abstract:
In this paper，the variety of wind speed is analyzed by using wind data in arid grassland and irrigated newly cuhivated land at Guangwu in the center of Ningxia．The densities of wind energy，the hours of effective wind speed，the kilowatt-hour of electricity generated by wind energy，the mas of water pumped by electricity energy，the posible amount and area of irrigation in different seasons are estimated．The results show that the annual average density of effective wind energy is 120W／m²，which meets the requirements of the general area coverage in the national wind energy division．The annual mean reserves of wind energy and hours of effective wind speed accumulated for 3～20 m／s are 562kW ·h／m² and 4680h respectively，which belongs to the sections available for wind energy in the national wind energy division，and suitable for miniature design of wind power electric generator usable for pumping water and irrigation in miniature farms，but not for installation wind power electric generator set．A 2kW electric generator can pump water for 2．0～5．2m³／h and irrigate 2～7hm² in growing season in Guangwu，which meets the requirements of electricity energy and water for people and livestock in the center of Ningxia．

Research on high-yield culture technology of grain on flatland in hilly and gully region of Shaanbei

LIN Guan-Shi, CHANG Xiao-Ming, GAO Peng-Cheng, LI Feng, LIN Yan-Mei

2003, 11(2): 103-106.

Abstract(1272) PDF(1066)

Abstract:
Using the best mixed plan，the experiment of 11 treatments show that the highest plot outputs of 1998，1999 and 2000 reach 12．92t／hm²．13．815t／hm² and 15．018t／hm²。respectively．343 plans are obtained through computer design，the best combination plan with yield of 15～17．625t／hm² is to use 60t／hm² of organic manure，462-483kg／hm² of N，to irrigate 600t／hm² of water before seeding，1377～1458t／hm²。of water in crop growth，to maintain the density of potato and sorghum with 72705～83415 plant／hm²。and 65205～75915 plant／hm² respectively．

The shading and its effect on crop yield under poplar-crop intercropping system

WANG Ying, CUI Jian-Zhou, YUAN Yu-Xin, SHANG Hal-Hua, YANG Bao-Chen

2003, 11(2): 107-110.

Abstract(2296) PDF(6389)

Abstract:
The poplar(Populus tomentosaCarr．)shading on farm field is reported under poplar-crop intercropping systam in Northern China farm region．The results show that the young poplar with a space of 3m×2m×18m brings a shading index of 1．3％～67．8％ and a shading degree of 0．3％～ 16．5％ on farm field when the stand ages are 1～7 years，and middle-mature poplar with a space of 4m ×30m results in a shading index of 51．3％～ 76．0％ and a shading degree of 22．8％～28．1％ when the stand ages 10～14 years as wel1．The study shows that the shading degree of 10％ is the maximum shading degree that can be accepted in farm field，and the trees with a space of 30m between rows can keep the crop yield stea dy when poplar is entering mature stage．

Effects of silvopastoral system on ecology and economics in the hilly land of Taihang Mountain

MENG Ping, ZHANG Jin-Song

2003, 11(2): 111-113.

Abstract(1128) PDF(1097)

Abstract:
The effects of Apple-A ．adsurgens system on ecology，physiology and yield，and land equivalent ration in the hilly land of Taihang Mountain are studied．The results show that the contents of organic matter available N in the 0～50cm soil increase by 30％ and 32％ compared with the pure apple tree stand(CK₁)respectively，and the content of available K decreases by 2．1％;the content of chlorophyll and the photosynthetic rate of the apple tree leaves and apple yield increase by 24．3％，28％ and 15．5％ compared with CK₁ respectively；the dried matter yield，the content of coarse protein，the coarse adipose and soluble sugar of A ．adsurgens increase by 18．5％，36．4％，27．4％and 11．8％ compared with the sole A．adsurgens．system (CKⅡ)respectively，the land equivalent ration(LER)of this system is 1．65．

Adaptability analysis of ecological climate and regional research on the apple pear in Hexi Corridor

LIU Ming-Chun, MA Hong-Yong

2003, 11(2): 114-116.

Abstract(1164) PDF(1047)

Abstract:
Experimental analysis shows that owing to be different ecological climates in Hexi Corridor’s areas，the apple pear has obvious regional distribution and temporal characters，and shows different growing habits and quality properties．The growth and development of apple pear show a certain difference yearly because of disequilibrium of meteorological factors distribution in every year．The growing trend of appl-pear fruit shows “S” typical increasing curve．According to this curve，we can computer that the fruit productivity is the largest between the last ten days of July and the middle ten days of August．The suitable temperature of fruit swelling is 15～ 21℃ ．The whole growing period needs to pass≥ 7℃ and accumulating temperature steadily that is 2300～2800℃．The qualities’forming period (from the first ten days of September to the first ten days of October)needs cool climate．Within the suitable temperature，there are big daily temperature’S difference and enough sunlight which are in favor of good quality and accumulation of soluble so lidity’S content．On the basis of analysis on the main meteorological restricting factors that affect the apple-pear’S yield and quality，the Hexi Corridor is plotted into five climate suitable growing areas．

Study on the model of Ginkgo agroforestry system

SHEN Li-Xin

2003, 11(2): 117-118.

Abstract(790) PDF(1125)

Abstract:
The sustainable，stable cultivated model of Ginkgo agroforestry，such as Ginkgo intercropped with short pole crops shows that the average growth level of Ginkgo tree is 20％ higher than that of the pure Ginkgo cultivation．the best growth model is Ginkgo+roasted tobacco．its average growth level is 25％ higher than that of the contro1．

Study of rainfall hydrochemical import characteristics in larix gmelini virgin forest

ZHOU Mei, YU Xin-Xiao

2003, 11(2): 119-121.

Abstract(950) PDF(902)

Abstract:
The hydrochemistry factors of rainfall and through-fall in the larix gmelini virgin forest of Genhe River of Daxinganling boreal zone were observed form 1995 to 1998．The results show that the macroelements of rainfall of hydrochemical importing in Daxinganling virgin forest zone are less than the other main forest areas of China and microelements tend to balance；when the rainfall which passed canopy turned into through-fall，tree tops of larix gmelini effect on absorbing in Na，Ca，Cu，and Fe，especially Ca and the water dripsout of K ，Mg，Zn，Mn，and P，especially K ；the macroelements and the microelements monthly changes are little except of Ca during growing periods．The monthly change curve of macroelements contain in the forest is“U”．

Multi-objective decision-making on hydro-ecological eficiencies for five fordst vegetation types in east Liaoning mountainous region

GAO Ren, ZHOU Guang-Zhu

2003, 11(2): 122-125.

Abstract(1068) PDF(1075)

Abstract:
with the method of analytieal hierarchical process (AHP) combined with fuzzy mathematics，multi-objective decision-making method on water-stored capacities for five typical forest vegetations in east Liaoning mountainous region has been made on the base of some hydro-ecological indices measured．By means of AHP，the weight set，C=(0．0245，0．0051，0．1993，0．0109，0．0762，0．0565，0．2827，0．0573，0．2866)is firstly determined for such evaluation factors as canopy interception，canopy evapotranspiration，litter water storage，soil bulk density，nonca pillary porosity，initial infiltration rate, final infiltration rate，total soll water storage，available soil water storage，then the fuzzy functions are astablished for these factors according to the principle of maximum fuzzy entropy，and finally，using the fuzzy multi-objective decision-making method ，the fuzzy subset of evaluation results，B=(0．4686，0．3784，0．4145，0．6128，0．4808)is evolved for the Chinese pine，larch，the korean pine，oak，weed trees，showing that the hardwoods enjoy higher water stored capacity than conifers，and the oak forests show the best．

Study on appraisal methods system of woodland

SHAN Sheng-Dao, YOU Jian-Xin

2003, 11(2): 126-128.

Abstract(1635) PDF(1324)

Abstract:
Based on the analysis of appraisal methods of woodland，the paper puts forward the appraisal methods system of woodland including feasible method，common method and basic method ．Application and choice of the above mentioned methods are presented and analyzed in the paper．

The impact of climatic changes on climatic potentiality of korean pine

GUO Jian-Ping, GAO Su-Hua, LIU Ling, ZHOU Guang-Sheng

2003, 11(2): 129-131.

Abstract(1308) PDF(951)

Abstract:
Model of climatic potentiality of forest is established through Logistic curve of plant growth．The climatic potentiality of korean pine and the impacts of climatic change on climatic potentiality in Northeast China are calculated and analyzed by using meteorological data in different years．The results show that the highest volume of climatic potentiality of korean pine is 288m³／hm² and its lowest volume is only l15m³／hm²，the difference between the highest and lowest volumes is more than 1 times ．The impact of different climates on climatic potentiality is remarkable．

The effects of CO₂ concentration enrichment and climate change on the agriculture

BAI Li-Ping, LIN Er-Da

2003, 11(2): 132-134.

Abstract(1512) PDF(1736)

Abstract:
The paper shows the advances of efects of CO₂ enrichment and climate change on the agriculture inside and outside the country including the impacts of elevated CO₂ on crop productivity，interactive effects of temperature increase and atmospheric C0₂ concentration，and interactive efects of water availability and atmospheric CO₂ concentration．The study shows that the crop productivity，such as economical yidds and biomass，and water utilization efficiency，increases with CO₂ concentration increase，but high temperature may have negative effect on the crop prod uctivity．The efects of CO₂ enrichment and climate change should need further research．

Study on influence of atmosphere infectant S0₂ on crops

FU Jia-Yuan, ZHENG Ze-Qun

2003, 11(2): 135-138.

Abstract(1119) PDF(1282)

Abstract:
The influence of atmosphere infectant SO₂ on crops was studied by simulate test．The results show that under low concentration S0₂ the threshold dosage of chronic harm for“Jin85-3”and“Mianyang15”is 8．329 mg·h and 20．519mg·h，the threshold concentration is 0．043 mg／m³ and 0．122mg/m³ respectively when output of wheat decreases 5％．the fastness of wheat“Mianyang 15”is better．Under the high concentration SO₂ the critical dosage of acute harm to under age cornis 2．50mg／m³×4h，4．92mg／m³×2h and 7．38mg／m³×lh，whenits harm is seen．Thethreshold dosage of acute harm to corn is 5．90mg／m³ × 8h，6．49mg／m³ ×6h，11．80mg／m³ ×4h，15．00rag／m³×2h，and 17．O0mg／m³×1h．when the withered spot of laminae reached 5％．

The characters of agrometeorological disaster，its mechanism and countermeasures in China

ZHU Xiao-Hua

2003, 11(2): 139-140.

Abstract(1194) PDF(962)

Abstract:
In this paper，the main characters of agrometeorological disaster are summarily discussed，including the affected regions and its distribution，frequency and the situation of the disaster，etc．Then its mechanism is analyzed from the natural and economic viewpoints．Finally，some countermeasures are discussed too，including the change of the traditional management system ，adoption of new technology，and strengthening insurance of agrometeorological disaster，etc．

Research on ecological safety of agricultural sustainable development

WU Guo-Qing

2003, 11(2): 141-143.

Abstract(1037) PDF(1195)

Abstract:
Ecological safety for agriculture sustainable development means that resources and environment on which the agriculture development depends are balanced and agro-ecosystem is health．There are many characteristics on ecological safety such as strategy，integration，region，gradation，dynamics and period．The paper points out four basic rules and a indicator system on ecological safety assessment．Taking a case study of Jiaxing City，Zhejiang Province as an example，the paper discusses the method and process of evaluation of ecological safety on agricultural sustainable development．

Research progress of agroecosystem health

LI Qi, CHEN Li-Jie

2003, 11(2): 144-146.

Abstract(1102) PDF(1131)

Abstract:
Agroecosystem health is the comprehensive characteristics of agroecosystems，it can be assessed through the measurements of vigor，stability and se1f．organization and is a very important guarantee for realizing the construction goal of eco-agriculture．The general situation of agroecosystem health，the assessment methods of agroecosystem health，the links between agroecosystem health and human health，the pest and the weed ecological management for agroecosystem health are discused in this paper．Agroecology that plays an important role in the research of agroecosystem health and construction of eco-agriculture is presented．

Land eco-economic system and its sustainable use

WANG Wan-Mao, LI Jun-Mei

2003, 11(2): 147-149.

Abstract(1168) PDF(1214)

Abstract:
The paper discusses the formation and evolvement of land eco-economic system and the relationships among land eco-economic system motion，conservation of land eco-economic productivity and sustainable use；and puts forward the eco-economic viewpoint of land tax being regarded as a guarantee of land sustainable use．

Research progress on impact of land use and its pattern change on ecoenvironment

LUO Wei-Jian, WANG Ke-Lin, LIU Ming

2003, 11(2): 150-152.

Abstract(1277) PDF(1729)

Abstract:
The human activities of land use which are accumulated in space and time are moulding different yardstick patterns of the earth surface constantly．The changes of land use and its pattern influence every element of environment．Based on a large amount of studies at home and abroad，the impact of land use on atmospheric environment，water environment，soil environment and biodiversity is explained．

Analysis method of ecological footprint and its application in sustainable planning

WANG Wan-Mao, LI Jun-Mei

2003, 11(2): 153-155.

Abstract(1460) PDF(956)

Abstract:
Based on the systematic analysis of the primary characters of sustainable development，the paper firstly puts forward the method and thinking of sustainable planning and the concept of ecological footprint，and then introduces the function of ecological footprint and the countermeasures of sustainable planning．

Effect of fishery development on water environment and its countermeasures in Taihu Lake

YANG Zai-Fu, CHEN Li-Qiao, ZHOU Zhong-Liang, CHEN Yong, WU Lin-Kun

2003, 11(2): 156-158.

Abstract(1603) PDF(1318)

Abstract:
The present development situation of Taihu Lake fishery is stated including the influence of fish stocking and lake-closing on fishery，the development of fishing net breeding form an extensive model to an intensive and high-returned model，the efect of fishing net breeding on lake entrophication，etc．It is indicated that the tendency of smaller-scale fishery and the lower yield fish are obvious．Finally，the counterm easures of sustainable development of Taihu lake fishery and entrophication control of Taihu Lake are put forward．

Study on classification and evaluation of ecological environment in Shaanxi Province

LIU Yin-Han, YUE Da-Peng, GUAN Hal-Yan, LI Hou-Di

2003, 11(2): 159-161.

Abstract(1390) PDF(1210)

Abstract:
Based on the land cover data obtained by mainly using the method of remote sensing image interpretation，this paper brings up a dassification system and its evaluation indexes of ecological environment in Shaanxi Province．And the quality sequence for the regional，urban-rural community and water ecological environment systems are made respectively by the total value of computer imitation．

Developmental models of eco-agriculture in Shaanxi Province

XIAO Ling, ZHAO Xian-Gui

2003, 11(2): 162-164.

Abstract(1232) PDF(1094)

Abstract:
According to natural conditions and agricultural resource，Shaanxi Province is divided into 6 agricultural geography zones including aeolian sand zone in the north of Shaanxi，loessial hill ravine zone in the north of Shaanxi，droughty plain zone in the north of Weihe River，the centra1 Shaanxi plain zone，the zone of the Qinling Mountain and the Daba Mountain，as well as Hanzhong basin．The 12 developmental models of eco-agriculture are put forward respectively，such as the model of prevention and cure on land degradation or soil erosion，the oasis model in desert，the combinative model of agriculture and forestry as well as livestock farming，the combinative model of grain and fruit，the combinative model of farming and breeding as well as machining，the ecological proiect model of green foodstuff industrialization，the ecological proiect model of special forest product exploitation，the model of cultivating mulberry and sericicuhure as well as pod machining，the substance circle utilization model of farming and breeding as wel1 as marsh gas，etc．

The exploration on national green budget

ZHANG Jun-Lian, WU Wen-Liang, LIU Chang

2003, 11(2): 165-167.

Abstract(1381) PDF(930)

Abstract:
A new concept，national green budgat，is given in this paper．National green budget which can become a cornpo nent part of national budgat is a useful measure to coordinate the relationships among separated green govem mental seetots and to conduct integrated and systematic policies on eco-environmental issues．What is more，the items，positions，functions and budgeting methods of national green budget are explored．

Organk agriculture production and western China development

ZHA0 Ke-Qiang, YANG Yong-Gang

2003, 11(2): 168-169.

Abstract(1027) PDF(859)

Abstract:
Enforcement of the protection of eco-environment is the basis of Westem China development．Based on the expatiation of the characteristics of natural resources in the western China，the developing potential of organic agriculture in this area is analyzed and the deveklping countermeasures are suggested in this article．

The current situation and development countermeasures of ecological agriculture construction in Zhejiang Province

YAN Li-Jiao, YANG Jing-Ping, ZHU You-Wei

2003, 11(2): 170-172.

Abstract(1928) PDF(1370)

Abstract:
The existing problems and factors limiting agricultural sustainable development and construction in Zhejiang Province are stated．Some counterm easures for developing eco-agriculture are put forward，such as the improvement of the level of ecological agriculture construction and its content of technology，the investment and advance in the science and technology，the exploitation of the domestic and international markets and prompt industrialization of ecological agriculture construction，etc．

Study on ecological security in Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing

SUN Fan, HU ji-Quan, FENG Shen-Ping

2003, 11(2): 173-174.

Abstract(1494) PDF(1069)

Abstract:
Through survey of present ecological security situation of the mountainous region in Three Gorges reservoir area of Chongqing，the reasons for threatening ecological security in Three Gorges reservoir area are analyzed．It is pointed out that planting in steep slope，over reclamation and graze，excessive cutting firewood and utilization of land and biological resources ，vegetation distruetion，unsuitable development mountain areas and construction of factory and town，and untreated emision waste of work and living are main factors to threat ecological security of Three Gorges reservoir area ．The baekword production model，extensive cultivation and management，unsuitable structure of industry and So on make coelogical system further worsen． Finally，the countermeasures and proposes of establishing ecological security system including the accelerating natural protection region construction，putting small basin construction and stereoscopic agriculture construction into practice，and retuming the grainplots to forestry are put forward．

Primary analysis of ecological environment in Jiangxi Province

DUAN Xian-Ming, LIN Ping, ZHOU Ling, ZENG Zhi-Feng

2003, 11(2): 175-176.

Abstract(963) PDF(1079)

Abstract:
The ecological environment is the foundation of regional sustainable development．The state of ecological environment in Jiangxi Province is analyzed and evaluated and the relative superiorities by comparative analysis of six provinces around Jiangxi are put forward．

2003 Vol. 11, No. 2