2004 Vol. 12, No. 1

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The opportunity and challenge to ecological agriculture in China
LI Wen-Hua
2004, 12(1): 1-3.
Abstract(1366) PDF(1484)
Abstract:
The developing characters，the main achievements，the existing problems，opportunity and challenges of ecological agriculture in China are stated in this paper．And the developing strategies to ecological agricuhure in the new period are also put forward.
Development the forestry eco-economics energetically，impIement the stratagem of forestry onstruction
LI Yu-Cai
2004, 12(1): 4-6.
Abstract(986) PDF(860)
Abstract:
The function of forestry eco-economics in our construction of society is stated and the development stratagem of forestry construction is put forward in this paper．It includes that constructing the land eco-safety system ，implementing“6 eco-engineerings”of forestry，improving “5 changes”of forestry management，and carrying out the sustainable development of forestry construction．
Improving the safety of food is the key to developing eco-agriculture
JI Kun-Sen
2004, 12(1): 7-10.
Abstract(1739) PDF(1294)
Abstract:
The main problems of agricultural product and the importance of developing safe food are stated．indicating that the key to developing eco-agriculture is development of the safe food．The countermeasures of developing safe food are put forward．
The agricultural countermeasures and development trend of eco-agriculture in China after access to WTO
GUO Shu-Tian
2004, 12(1): 11-13.
Abstract(729) PDF(858)
Abstract:
The main agricultural problems and the development trend of ecological agriculture of China after acceding to WTO are stated in this paper，and the development countermeasures of Chinese agriculture are put forward also．
The industrialization of eco-agriculture
ZHANG Ren-Wu
2004, 12(1): 14-15.
Abstract(1045) PDF(1225)
Abstract:
This paper has introduced the intension of eco-agricultural industriahzation and the differences between ecoagricultural industrialization and conventional agriculture industrialization The technical measures，macroscopic regulation and management scheme of eco-agricuhural industrialization have been discussed also．
Discussion on eco-agriculture and modern agriculture
HOU Xiang-Yang, HAO Zhi-Qiang
2004, 12(1): 16-18.
Abstract(1320) PDF(960)
Abstract:
In this paper，the eco-agricuhure and modern agriculture are discussed and the concept of eco-agriculture is widened，indicating that the eco-agriculture is the modern agriculture of ecologism ，and the important roles played by it in the new agricultural economic development，including the breeding and development of macre-economic-zone，regional development of dominant agricultural prod ucts，and resolution of problems of agriculture，countryside and farmers．
Preparation of ditags in constructing SAGE library of Monasccus Ruber
X10NG Yong-Hua, XU Yang, LAI Wei-Hua
2004, 12(1): 19-22.
Abstract(937) PDF(829)
Abstract:
In this paper，the methods of total RNA and mRNA extraction，cDNA synthesis and ditags preparation are discussed in constructing SAGE library of Monasccus Ruher. The optima1 concentration of template and the number of PCR cycles are obtained by optimizing the PCR conditions．
The application of all overlayer technique in evaluation of Pyrene-contaminated sites
TIAN Yun, ZHENG Tian-Ling
2004, 12(1): 23-25.
Abstract(836) PDF(866)
Abstract:
Pyrene-contaminated sites of Xiamen western sea sediments are evaluated by using overlayer technique．The resuits show that the samples collected from the sediments with a high concentration of Pyrene contain 47 thousand Pyrene-degrading bacteria per gram while the samples collected from the sediments with a low concentration of Pyrene contain 12 thousand Pyrene degrading bacteria per gram．The number of Pyrene-degrading bacteria is positively related with the concentration of Pyrene．
Advances in gene engineering of plant for cold resistance
WANG Rui-Yun, HE Run-Xi, YUE Wen-Bin, REN You-She
2004, 12(1): 26-29.
Abstract(1204) PDF(1358)
Abstract:
With the development of biotechnology，the conduction of foreign gene for plant breeders has become a primary method to improve the plant stress tolerance．This paper reviews the recent advances in plant cold resistance including antifreeze genes of animals and its transgenetic plants，cold-regulated genes，fatty acid desaturase gene，SOD gene，proline gene，antifreeze genes of plant and their transgenetic plants．
Genetic study on gene of the resistance to BYDV in wheat
WANG Juan-Ling, CAO Ya-Ping, ZHANG Ming-Yi, NING Dong-Xian
2004, 12(1): 30-32.
Abstract(841) PDF(1032)
Abstract:
Using 3×4 incomplete diallel，two combinations of different genetic background in five generations are evaluated with GAV plant strain The results show that the hereditv effects of resistance to BYDV are additive，dominant and epistatic，and the additive effect is the majority．Heritability in a broad sense is over 90％．and that in a narrow sense is 75％ ～83％，Express variations in progenes of the two combination are different because of their different parents．The progenes’average resistance and depth of separation are close to the male’s resistance and coefficient of variation．
Studies on hereditary character of grain weight for resistant BYDV materials in winter wheat
CAO Ya-Ping, ZHANG Ming-Yi, FAN Shao-Qiang, NING Dong-Xian, WANG Quan-Liang
2004, 12(1): 33-35.
Abstract(886) PDF(1015)
Abstract:
Study on heredity of three characters of grain weight per plant，per spike，and 1000-grain of the resistant BYDV materials in winter wheat are conducted using Griffing method I．The results show that the genetic of grain weight of three varieties is a additive-dominant genetic model，and the cytoplasm effect is smaller on 1000-grain weight，and in the grain weights per plant and spike，an obvious nucleus-cytoplasm interact exists．In the three resistant BYDV materials，the specific combining ability of“Linkang 1”is the biggest and its general combining ability is higher and its intercombinations have the marked differences．Therefore．“Linkang 1”is a good parent with its resistant BYDV and fertiIity and has a bigger useful value．
Study on the difference of rice genotypes tolerant to low phosphorus stress in the seedling stage
SHI Qiu-Mei, LIN Wen-Xiong, CHEN Fang-Yu, , GUO Yu-Chun, LIANG Yi-Yuan
2004, 12(1): 36-39.
Abstract(1190) PDF(1241)
Abstract:
Responses of 38 rice(Oryza sativa L )cultivars to low phosphorus environment were preliminarily evaluated by means of a controlled system with insoluble phosphorate source(Ca3(PO4)2)in liquid phase The results show a significant genotypic variation tolerant to P deficiency in the tested 16 rice germplasms，indicating that“Shanyou63”，“IR74”，“Shanyoul61”．“IR70617-4B-B19-2”and“IR64”are the most tolerant type，“IR70651-3B-3-2-2-2”，“IR71331-2B-2-1”．“Namchuan”．“IR71379-2B-10-2-3-1”and “IR72413-3R-26-2”are more sensitive genotypes，but“IR73384-1l-7-8-3-2-3-3-3”， “IR73382-111-9-19-19-2-3-1-2”， “IR72417-3R-6-2”， “IR36”， “IR72417-3R-8-3” and “IR72412-3R-l1-3”are the moderate type in terms of tolerance to P deficiency．
Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on soluble protein and nucleic acid in rice leaves
TANG Li-Na, LIN Wen-Xiong, LIANG Yi-Yuan, CHEN Fang-Yu
2004, 12(1): 40-42.
Abstract(1206) PDF(1080)
Abstract:
Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on soluble protein and nucleic acid in two rice cultivars(Oryza sati L．)under pot condition were investigated The results show that enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation decreases the biomass．the contents of soluble protein and nucleic acid in rice．With the UV-B radiation increasing．the activities of proteinase and RNase and the content Of tota1 free amino acids increase．while the activity Of NRase decreases．
Advances in physiological and biochemical research of salt tolerance in plant
MAO Gui-Lian, XU Xing, XU Zhao-Zhen
2004, 12(1): 43-46.
Abstract(2654) PDF(2954)
Abstract:
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the advances in physiological and biochemical research of plant salt resistance，which includes K+／Na-，ability selective transportion K+ and Na+ from roots to shoots(Sva+．K+)，osmotic adjustment，photosynthesis，salt-induced protein，Na+／H+ antiport，hormone adjustment，membrane lipid peroxidation，ATPase，etc．
A preliminary study on the artificial cultivation and breeding selection of Suaeda salsa
SHAO Qiu-Ling, XIE Xiao-Ding, ZHANG Fang-Shen, CUI Hang-Wei, CAO Zi-Yi
2004, 12(1): 47-49.
Abstract(1322) PDF(1336)
Abstract:
The artificial cultivation and breeding selection of Suaeda salsa were studied．The results show that the artificial cultivation of Suaeda salsa can increase the yield by 1～2 times in saline land，and the yield is decreasing with the increase of soil salinity．Under non-irrigation condition．the excessive saline water irrigation can increase the yield of Suaeda salsa efficiently The suitable harvesting period of artificial cultivation of Suaeda salsa is Oct．25 in the Huanghe delta area ．Breeding Suaeda salsa with the high yield can increase the yield 2～3 time．
A study on declining cause of varietal vitality in winter wheat
WEI Yun-Zong, LIU Xin-Yue, ZHANG Jiu-Gang
2004, 12(1): 50-52.
Abstract(692) PDF(903)
Abstract:
The declining cause of varietal vitality is discussed in winter wheat．The results show that the bumper and stability of the wheat mainstay varieties "12057”,“Jinmai 33" and "Jinmai 47”depend on their bigger variation of ear numbers and stable grain weights pear and 1000 kernel weight．The main cause of varietal vitality decline is due to the loss of its resistance．The life cycle of varieties is divided into superiority stage，adaptation stage of variety and environment，and variety decline stage Al1 varieties possess the effect of time and space.
The physiological and ecological responses of the seed germination of Casuarina equisetifolia to chromic stress
ZHOU Xi-Qin, LI Yu-Hong
2004, 12(1): 53-55.
Abstract(1979) PDF(1746)
Abstract:
Effects of CrCI3 stress with different concentrations on some earlier physiological and ecological characteristics of seed germination of Casuarina equisetifolia were studied．The results show that the seed germination percentage，the plant height，root length，fresh biomass，and dry biomass of seedlings all gradually decrease with the treatments of increased CrCI3 concentrations．At the meantime，the contents of proline and superoxide anion(02-)increase firstly and decrease afterwards，and the content of protein gradually increases．Furthermore，the activity of the protective enzyme SOD increases firstly and decreases afterwards，and the activities of POD and CAT both gradually increase．The activities of SOD ，POD，CAT can act as sensitive designators to poison，and the morphologic responses of plant usually lag behind the physiological responses when it is under the environment stress．
Effects of zinc on carbon metabolism and its enzymes activities in leaves of balsam pear
SHI Mu-Tian, CHEN Ru-Kai
2004, 12(1): 56-58.
Abstract(1130) PDF(907)
Abstract:
Effects of zinc on carbon metabolism and its enzymes activities in leaves of balsam pear were studied by field tria1．The results show that in the control plants stressed under a low level of zinc，there appear lower contents of sucrose，soluble sucrose，starch and zinc，lower activities of carbonic anhydrase(CA)and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS)．However，the activities of amylase，acid invertase(AI)and neutral invertase(NI)in the upper and lower leaves are higher in CK than in other treatments．There is a significant correlation between the physiological properties．
Effects of zinc levels on endogenous hormone and nitrogen metabolism in leaves and yields of balsam pear
SHI Mu-Tian
2004, 12(1): 59-62.
Abstract(1043) PDF(1154)
Abstract:
Effects of zinc levels on yield and endogenous hormone and nitrogen metabolism in leaves of balsam pear(Momordica charantia cv Dading)were studied by field tria1．The results show that application of ZnSO4·7H20 with doses from 30 to 45kg／hm2 in zinc deficient soil can significantly increase the yields of balsam pear．from 16．21％ to l7．16％．Zinc application can also increase the IAA ，GA3，protein，nuclear contents and NRase activity，but decrease the tryptophane，nitric nitrogen(N0)，free ammonic acids contents(FAA)and RNase activity in leaves of plants．The results also show that there is a significantly positive correlation between protein contents and nuclear contents，NRase，but a significandy negative correlation with NO3 ，FAA and RNase，and a significantly negative correlation between tryptophane contents and IAA ．GA3．nuclear contents and RNase activity．
Relationship between active oxygen metabolism and some physioiogicai chan ges in postharvested citrus grown on diffe
HUANG Yun, WANG San-Gen, XIE Jin-Feng, LI Dao-Gao
2004, 12(1): 63-65.
Abstract(1118) PDF(1010)
Abstract:
The active oxygen metabolism and some physiological changes in postharvested Citrus sinensis Osbeck CV．Jincheng grown on different hilllands were studied．The results show that the changing curves of active oxygen and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in the postharvested citrus rise in the first and then fall，and the peak value of SOD activity is fallowing to that of the active oxygen．Both the active oxygen production rate and the SOD，peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT)activities of the peel and juice sac are significantly decreased when stored in the lower temperature，but the activities of SOD and CAT are relatively higher．The active oxygen metabolism is significantly related to the plant borlrlones，content of malondialdehyde(MDA)，cell electrolyte leakage and quality of fruits．
Research on species diversity characteristics of the arbor layer in Sassafras tzumu community
HONG Wei, CHEN Rui, WU Cheng-Zhen, LIU Jiang, HE Dong-Ji
2004, 12(1): 66-69.
Abstract(900) PDF(1047)
Abstract:
The log series model is used to calculate and inspect the arbor species of Sassafras tzumu community，the resuits show that the arbor species obey the logarithmic series distribution and the biodiversity of Sassafras tzumu community is fairly high and stable．
A comparing study on the tree species diversities of gaps in natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mountain Wuyi
HE Guo-Sheng, 1LIN Si-Zu, CAO Zi-Lin, ZHAO Da-Zhou, LAI Duan
2004, 12(1): 70-73.
Abstract(1261) PDF(53)
Abstract:
The changing pattern of tree species diversities in gaps at different developmental stages of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mountain Wuyi was analyzed in this paper．The results show that the tree species diversity indexes in gaps are larger than that in non-gap stands，but the ecological dominance shows the opposite discipline．The tree species diversity indexes are changed in expanded gaps of different sizes and reach the highest in those with a size smaller than 100 square meter，but reach the lowest in the expanded gaps with a size larger than 300 square meter．Species richness，species diversity indexes and mean degree indexes of the species higher than 1．5m show a general trend with the development of gaps．reaching the highest level in the gap ages of about 10-20 years，but the lowest level in first ten years．The tree species diversity indexes and mean degree indexes in regeneration layer of gaps are decreased in the first 10 yea rs，reaching the lowest level in 10～20 years after gap formation，and then are increased in the next 30 years，reaching the largest level in 40～50 years，but a slow trend of decrea sing after 50 years after gap formation Gap formation provides the power for regeneration of tree different species．In order to preserve the species diversity，it is very important to make gaps in a proper way in forest production.
Rainfall process and nutrient dynamics of artificial Chinese fir plantation in Jiangxi Qianyanzhou experimental station
CHEN Yong-Rui, LIN Yao-Ming, LI Jia-Yong, LIU Yun-Fen, YANG Ru-Rong
2004, 12(1): 74-76.
Abstract(927) PDF(1042)
Abstract:
Course hydrologic and nutrient processes of artificial Chinese fir forest were studied by located experiment．The results show that the average annual rainfall is 1392．0mm ，89．38％ ，0．27％ ，and 10．35％ of which are allocated to throughfall，stemflow，and canopy interception，respectively．The surface runoff output is 9．4％ of the average annum rainfal1．The annual inputting nutrient by rainfall in plantation ecosystem including N ，P，K ，Ca，Mg，Fe，Mn，Sr，Zr，Na，and Si，amounts to 144．032kg／hm2，and the surface runoff output is 155．335kg／hm2 The annual net nutrient accumulation is -11．303kg／hm2．
Accumulation and allocation pattern of salt contents of different plant communities in Tianjin strand ecological protectire circl
XU Yong-Rong, FENG Zong-Wei, ZHANG Wan-Jun, GUO Yu-Wen
2004, 12(1): 77-79.
Abstract(1257) PDF(1035)
Abstract:
The accumulation and allocation of salt contents in four plant communities in Tianjin strand ecological protective circle were studied．The results show that excluding leaves and floor，the annual total storages of K ，Na，Ca，Mg and CI are 343．89kg／hm2 in herb community，59．79kg／hm2 in tree-shrub-herb compound storied community，55．46kg/hm2 in shrub，18．87kg／hm2 in shrub-herb community．The annual storages of Na and CI in the four communities are respectively 60．22kg／hm2 and 218．35kg／hm2，2．385kg／hm2 and 11．76kg／hm2，3．95kg／hm2 and 16 74kg／hm2，2．04kg／hm2 and 5．775kg／hm2．The allocation patterns of salt contents in organs of different plants are different．trees accumulate salt by root dominantly，but brushes by root and branch at the same time The proportions of total salt storage in different layers in compound storied community are also different．they are tree>shrub>herb in tree-shrub-herb community and shrub>herb in shrub-herb community．
Efect of foliage top-dressing of potassium on the photosynthetic rate of apple trees
CAO Dong-Mei, WANG Yun-Shan, KANG Li-Fang, LI Yong-Ping
2004, 12(1): 80-82.
Abstract(929) PDF(977)
Abstract:
Photosynthetic rate of apple trees may be improved and the phenomenon of“noon break” will be eased up to some extents after foliage top-dressing of potassium ．It will improve and extend the photosynthetic rate of the apple trees in the ssme year as well as increase the storage of nutrition after five times of spraying potasium in apple growth period form May to October，and the effects will be kept up for twenty-five days after every spraying of potasium．
Effcts of different cutting-roots and K top-dressing measures at later growth stage on K-oncentration in leaves of fluecured tobacco plants in Yunnan Province
JI Hong-Jie, LI Chun-Jian, ZHANG Fu-Suo, HONG Li-Fang, ZHANG Jun
2004, 12(1): 83-86.
Abstract(848) PDF(1084)
Abstract:
The effects of different cutting-roots and K top-dressing measures at later growth stage on K concentration in 1eaves of flue-cured tobacco plants were studied The results demonstrate that cutting-root and increasing application of K can stimulate the formation of new roots and then their uptake activity Cxmsidering both the K content and the leaf dry weight，the best measure is cutting-roots on the position 20 cm away from the stem base and simultaneously the top-dre-ssing with K2SO4 when plants are decapitated．
Effcts of different application measures of potassium fertilizer by topping on potassium contents in flue-cured tobacco plants in Yunnan Province
JI Hong-Jie, LI Chun-Jian, ZHANG Fu-Suo, HONG Li-Fang, ZHANG Jun
2004, 12(1): 87-89.
Abstract(1171) PDF(1063)
Abstract:
Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different application measures of potassium fertilizer by topping on K contents and K absorption in flue-cured tobacco in Yunnan Province．The results indicate that the effect of applying K2SO4，KN03 or slow-released KCI is better than that of foliar-spraying KH2PO4，K2SO4 or KN03 on the improvement K content in leaves，especially in upper leaves．K content in upper leaves increases from 2．6％ (CK)to 3．2％(K2SO4 or KNO3).
Dynamics of soil fixed NH4+ and soil microbiomass nitrogen in the growing season of winter wheat
JU Xiao-Tang, LI Xue-Jun, ZHANG Fu-Su
2004, 12(1): 90-91.
Abstract(979) PDF(1039)
Abstract:
Dynamics of soil fixed NH4+ and microbiomass N in the growing season of winter wheat were studied by field experiment．The results show that the soil fixed NH4+ increases significantly after the application of basal fertilizer，decreases significantly after spring and reaches to the lowest point at flowering stage It reaches nearly the same level before harvest as that of sowing period because the soil fixed NH4+ pool is complemented by nitrogen mineralization in the late crop growing stage when crop has a low nitrogen uptake．Soil microbiomass N changes with the seas0n．It has a slight increase in short period after the application of basal fertilizer and a second increase after the application of spring fertilizer，reaches to the lowest point at the flowering stage and is recovered in the latest stage because of lower crop N uptake．
Dynamics of different soil nitrogen pools after appIying different types of nitrogen fertilizers
JU Xiao-Tang, LI Xue-Jun, ZHANG Fu-Su
2004, 12(1): 92-94.
Abstract(1254) PDF(1035)
Abstract:
The dynamics of different soil nitrogen pools after applying different types of nitrogen fertilizers were studied by pot experiment．The results show that the wheat biomass and nitrogen uptake have no significant difference by mixed application of Urea，NH4HCO3，(NH4)2SO4，and Ca(N()3)2 with the same rate of nitrogen applied．Nitrifications of ammonia and urea type nitrogen fertilizers were completed in 14 days．The sOil microbiomass N decreases with crop growth under Urea，NH43，and(NH4)2SO4 treatments，which may be caused by crop uptake．The utilization of old fixed NH4+ by crop is weak．Soil fixed NH4+ is increased after the application of nitrogen fertilizers，and this kind of fixed NH4+ can be uptaken by crop in growing period．The apparent nitrogen recovery rate，loss rate and fixed rate have no significant difference among four nitrogen fertilizer type.
Effects of organic matter on the forms of added Cd and its dynamic transformation in soil with or without growth of rice
GAO Shan, CHEN Jian-Bin, WANG Guo
2004, 12(1): 95-98.
Abstract(1020) PDF(1139)
Abstract:
The effects of rice straw and Chinese milk vetch on the forms of added Cd and it’s dynamic transformation in soi1 with or without growth of rice were studied．The results show that rice straw and Chinese milk vecth can significantly reduce Ex(exchangeable)-Cd content in the soi1 without growth of rice．The formation of CdS under extremely low Eh condition is the important mechanism for Ex-Cd content．while the influences of rice straw and Chinese milk vetch on the forms of added Cd and it’s dynamic transformation are apparently different After one-month incubation，rice straw and Chinese milk vecth can decrease Ex-Cd content and increase the Sob(strong organic bound)-Cd and Mn(Mn oxide bound)-Cd contents in the,soil with growth of rice．With the elapsing of time．Mn-Cd and Sob-Cd are released and transformed into Ex-Cd．
Increasing yield effects of applying trace element fertilizers to agricultural crops in the nterlaced urea of agriculture and pasture-A case study from Duolun County，Inner Mongolia Autonomous region
TONG Yi-Ping, LIU Quan-You, SUN Jian-Hua, LI Ji-Yun
2004, 12(1): 99-101.
Abstract(1152) PDF(796)
Abstract:
The increa sing yield effects of applying Zn，B，and Mn fertilizers on the crops were studied in the typical inter1aced area of agriculture and pasture in Northern China．The results show that wheat and naked oat should be fertilized by using Zn，B，and Mn，corn by Zn，and rape by B to promote the yield of crops．
Study on effect of enhancing yield of winter wheat by applying two kinds of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer
WANG Xin-Min, LI Jian-Yun, H0U Yan-Lin, JIE Xiao-Lei, TAN Jin-Fang
2004, 12(1): 102-104.
Abstract(1052) PDF(851)
Abstract:
A barrel experiment of applying two kinds of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer(CRNF)on winter wheat was carried out.The results show that the winter wheat yield and apparent N recovery are improved or elevated under the same irrigation conditions and the same quantity of nitrogen．The apparent N recoveries are increased by 5％～lO％ and l3％～26％ respectively．The total dry weight and the length of winter wheat root under different treatments of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer are affected significantly，and they are in the order of normal urea treatment(F1) < controlled release nitrogen fertilizer of Lexishi(F2) < controlled release nitrogen fertilizer of Zhongpin(F 3),Although the total consumptions of different treatments of soil water are close to that of urea treatment，the water use efficiencies of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments are always higher with the order of F1 < F2 < F3.
Systemic study on nutrients in irrigation desert soils of Gansu Province
ZHAO Liang-Ju, LIU Xia-Hong, XIAO Hong-Lang, GUO Tian-Wen
2004, 12(1): 105-107.
Abstract(855) PDF(915)
Abstract:
In this paper，with the pot experiment and field experiment，the status of nutrients of irrigation desert soils at Minqin County in Gansu Province is studied The results show that the limiting factors nutrients of irrigation desert soils are the deficiency of N，P，Cu，Fe，and Zn．The relative yields of,sorghum from the soils non-applied with N ，P，Cu，Fe and Zn are 47．38％ ，68．77％ ，70．91％ ，78．40％ ，and 80．21％ respectively． In field experiment，the limiting factors nutrients are N and P fertilizers．Based on the treatment of OPT ，the application of N and P fertilizers can enhance the yield of corn prominently and the increasing amplitudes are l1．95％ and 22.60％ respectively．while reducing the N application decreases the yield prominently and the decreasing amplitude is 10．40％ ．
Effects of different methods of applying fertilizers on the living beings in soil in central Tibet
CAI Xiao-Bu, PENG Yue-Lin, XUE Hui-Ying, CHEN Zhi-Lan, XIONG Wei
2004, 12(1): 108-110.
Abstract(881) PDF(974)
Abstract:
The field trials were conducted to study the effects of different methods of applying fertilizers on the living beings in soil in central Tibet．The results show that the organic fertilizer，especially organ-mineral fertilizer has a crucial effect on the living beings in soil．The soil bacterium increases significantly by the increase of the organic matter content under the acid soil conditions(pH5．91～6．02)．At the same time soil bacterium has numerical overwhelming superiority among microorganisms and it has an exceptional significance in N and P nutritions．The soil organic matter，available N and P．increase with the increase 0f the soil fungi，to ．But the soll actinomyces descend with the increase of the soll organic matter，available N and available P．
The effect of AM fungi on the growth of sweet potato
GAI Jing-Ping, FENG Gu, LI Xiao-Lin
2004, 12(1): 111-113.
Abstract(969) PDF(894)
Abstract:
The effect of AM fungi on the growth of sweet potato in the pot culture is studied The results show that soil sterilization inhibits the growth of sweet potato by either inoculation or not．The absorption of phosphorus and biomass of plant are significantly increased by inoculating Glomus D1osse,Glomus intraradices，Glomus sp．WUM 26 among which G．m ,G．i are more effective Colonization rate，hyphal density and SDH activity of introduced AM fungi are accordant with their effects on the growth of the sweet potato The hyphal density in soil inoculating G．m is much larger than that in soil inoculating G．i，while that of G．i is much larger than that of G.s．For the non-sterilization treatments，the effect of inoculation is not significant in term of sweet potato biomass，which is probably caused by the presence of propagule of the indigenous AM fungi in the experimental soil．
Studies on the control of verticillium wilt of cotton with the mixtures of biological agents and carbendazim
LI Su-Ying, LIU Dong-Qing, NIU Shan-Guang
2004, 12(1): 114-116.
Abstract(1112) PDF(1068)
Abstract:
Pot experiments for the control of verticillium wilt with the mixtures of biological agents and carbendazim indicate that the disease control with the mixtures is better than that with carbendazim or biological control agents applied separately，the control result of the mixture of carbendazim applied with one Bacillium sp.(B908)is better onlly than that of carbendazim applied alone，and worse than that of B908 applied alone.
A study on tea plant transpiration and its influencing factors in slop lands of red soil regions
DUAN Hua-Ping, XIE Xiao-Li, WANG Kai-Rong
2004, 12(1): 117-119.
Abstract(951) PDF(983)
Abstract:
The transpiration rate of tea plant was studied in slop lands of red soil regions．The results indicate that the daily variation of tea plant transpiration rate shows an obvious trend with a high value in midday and low values in the early morning and evening，however，there are some differences in the diurnal variation curves of tea plant transpiration rate in diferent days；the net radiation and air temperature are the two main factors affecting the transpiration rate of tea plant；there is a close correlation between the transpiration rate and stomata conductance，and with the stomata conductance increasing，the transpiration rate also increases Finally，the transpiration driving factors，the probability of preventing transpiration，the stomatal action’s regulation，and the water use efficiency of tea plant are discussed．
The effect of environmental factors on American ginseng’S transpiration under different conditions
LI Wan-Lian, YANG Shu-Yun, WAN Zhi-Hu, YAN Ping
2004, 12(1): 120-123.
Abstract(790) PDF(806)
Abstract:
Experiments of American ginseng’s transpiration under different environmental conditions were carried out from 1997 to 1998 at Jinzhai County，Anhui Province．The results show that the American ginseng’s transpiration rate and stomatal conductance are affected obviously by the change of environmental temperature and humidity American ginseng’s plant growth has good relationships with the daily changes of the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance The transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of healthy plants are higher than those of weak plants．and also their stomatal self-controlling abilities are better than those of weak ones．At a sunny day，under 17．5％ ，25．8％ ，and 35．4％ of the shed’s light transmission rate， the daily changing patterns of American ginseng’s transpiration rate are different，the maximum value of transpiration rate respectively appears at different times，they were“before noon”，“at noon”and “after noon ”． The main factors which influenced American ginseng’s transpiration rate are stomatal conductance and air temperature．
Study on causes and occurrence rules of seasonal drought in subtropical red soil hilly region
HUANG Dao-You, PENG Ting-Bai, CHEN Gui-Qiu, WANG Ke-Lin
2004, 12(1): 124-126.
Abstract(944) PDF(1010)
Abstract:
The causes and occurrence rules of seasonal drought in the subtropical red soil hilly region were systematically studied by analyzing the meteorological data．The results showy that the occurrence probability for“soil-plant”drought is 85．7％．among which that of moderate or severe drought is 50％ or so The highly frequent drought occurs in the period from July to August and from November to December each year．The drought occurring in July and August can cause a great damage to crops．The occurrence probability for climate-induced drought is 59.5％．among which that of moderate or severe drought is 31．0％.The“soil-plant”drought is more serious than the climate-induced one．The order of both the probabilities of these two kinds of drought and the extent of damage are 1990s> 1980s> 1970s> 1960s．indicating that it is decreasing for the ability of the red soil hilly region to resist the seaso nal drought，declining for the agro-ecosystem to resist the stress．
Study on the drought-resistant identification indexes in maize
SONG Feng-Bin, XU Shi-Chang
2004, 12(1): 127-129.
Abstract(2817) PDF(2350)
Abstract:
The drought resistant coefficient，proline content，leaf water potential，MDA content，relative conductivity，evaporate ratio，leaf areas and the change of leaf morphology can all be used as well parameters for drought-resistant identification indexes in maize．At the same time．the correlation coefficients between drought-resistant coefficient and physiological and biochemical indexes are calculated so as to evaluate the importance for those indexes in drought-resistant identification and to analysis comprehensively．
Effects of supplementary irrigation，nitrogen fertilizer and straw mulching on the growth and yield of winter wheat
ZHAI Jun-Hai, LIN Li, GAO Ya-Jun, ZHOU Jian-Bin
2004, 12(1): 130-132.
Abstract(1192) PDF(1003)
Abstract:
Field experiment was carried out to study the impacts of supplementary irrigation，nitrogen fertilizer and straw mulching on the growth of root，shoot biomass，yield and its characters of winter wheat The results show that only the application of nitrogen fertilizer has the significant effects on the growth of winter wheat The straw mulch improves the growth of root and weight of plant biomass when the nitrogen fertilizer is added．The effect of straw mulching is related to water content in soil when water strexs occurs，the mulching has no significant effects on the growth of root；and a further application of nitrogen fertilizer even has negative effects．Whether the supplementary irrigation is added or not,the straw mulching with N-fertilization has a significant interaction on the yield The combined treatment of irrigation．fertilization and straw mulch has the highest yield among all the trcatnlellts.
Effects of roots-divided irrigation on root vitality and leave water content in maize
GUAN Jun-Feng, LIU Hai-Long, LI Guang-Min
2004, 12(1): 133-135.
Abstract(909) PDF(986)
Abstract:
The alternative roots-divided irrigation and fixed roots-divided irrigation were used to compare the effects of roots-divided irrigation pretreatment on root vitality and leave water content of maize in this experiment．The results show that the roots-divided irrigation has no marked influence on the relative water content，plasma membrane permeability and vitality of roots．The alternative roots-divided irrigation has better water-containing effects than the fixed roots-divided irrigation．The root vitality and plasma membrane permeability are positively and negatively related to the leave water content，therefore maintaining the root vitality is closely associated with keeping higher leaf water content in maize．
Effects of water deficit on yield and yield components of cotton
GAO Yan-Jun, PEI Dong, ZHANG Xi-Ying, CHEN Su-Ying, LIU Meng-Yu
2004, 12(1): 136-139.
Abstract(1228) PDF(1013)
Abstract:
The effects of water deficit and deficit degree at different growing stages of cotton on yield and yield eomponents were studied by two years’pot experiments．The results show that the yield of cotton is improved when water deficit is imposed at seedling and boll opening stages，while the yield is significantly reduced by water deficit during the bud and flowering stages．The optimum water content levels are 50％ ～ 55％ of field capacityr at seedling stage，65％ ～ 70％ at bud stage．75％ at flowering stage and 50％ at boll opening stage of cotton．Ream nable control of the soil water contents can reduce the rate of bud and boll drop．
Studies on the agricultural traits and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different irrigation
DONG Bao-Di, LIU Meng-Yu, ZHANG Zheng-Bin
2004, 12(1): 140-143.
Abstract(1332) PDF(901)
Abstract:
Agricultural traits of root and canopy，and water use efficiency of 10 wheat varieties were analyzed under different irrigations．The results show that different wheat varieties under the same water deficit are almost alike But there are some differences among 10 wheat varieties．The sufficient irrigation can increase the biomass of winter wheat but decrease the water use efficiency．Two times of irrigation can get the highest water use efficiency and a very high yield．The experiments also show that“6365”is better for water use efficiency．and is the best for drought resistance capacity and yield potentia1．
Optimized irrigation scheduling for maize in the piedmont of Mt．Taihang of the North China Plain
PEI Dong, CHEN Su-Ying, ZHANG Xi-Ying, GAO Yan-Jun, WANG Yu-Kun
2004, 12(1): 144-147.
Abstract(1421) PDF(999)
Abstract:
Results from five years’field experiment show that the water consumption of maize with grain yield is not linearly correlated．The increase in water use is not always resulted in the increase of production and the water use efficiencv is reduced with the increase in total water use．The sensitivity to water stress at different growing periods of maize and the lower limit of soil moisture can be used as the indicators to irrigate efficiently．Based on the results．irrigation scheduling under different types of years is set up for maize.
Comprehensive water-saving models in high yielding region of Hebei Plain
Chen Su-ying, ZHANG Xi-Ying, HU Chun-Sheng, PEI Dong, LIU Meng-Yu
2004, 12(1): 148-151.
Abstract(1025) PDF(923)
Abstract:
Five comprehensive water-saving models were integrated based on long-term experiments on different single water-saving measures for maize and winter wheat in the high yielding area of Hebei Plain．The five comprehensive models include water transportation through．soil ditch+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling；water transportation through main pipe line+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling;water transportation through main pipe line and gated plastic pipe connected to the main pipe line to the field+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling；water transportation through main pipe line and gated plastic pipe connected to the main pipe line to the field minimum tillage and mulching+deep plough+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling；sprinkler irrigation+minimum tillage and mulching+regulated deficit irrigation scheduling．The results show that the water use efficiencies of the five models are 22．5kg／hm2·m3，25．7kg／hm2·m3，27．2kg／hm2·m3，28．0kg／hm2·m3．and 31．5kg／hm2·m3 ，respectively，which are 14％，21％，24％，26％，and 40％improvement in water use efficiencv 0ver the traditional methods，respectively．The economic benefits are increased by 692．40yuan／hm2，767．10vuan／hm2，815．10yuan／hm2，791．25yuan／hm2，and 346．05yuan／hm2 by the five models，respectively.It is concluded that the extension of the low cost of agronomic water-saving measures is also an important way to improve water use efficiency in high yielding area of Hebei Plain．
The water-holding capacity of the litter of Castanopsis fissa communities and its correlation analysis with community structure
WU Qi-Ming
2004, 12(1): 152-154.
Abstract(894) PDF(802)
Abstract:
Dominance in each layer，species numbers in each layer and characteristics of water-holding capacity of the litter of Castanopsis fissa communities at different stages under forest enclosing and tending were analyzed in this paper．The results show that dominances in tree layer and in herb layer at near-mature stage are larger than those at young stand stage，but the dominance in shrub layer at young stand stage is larger than that at near-mature stage，the t indexes show that they all reach a prominent level；the dry litter weights and water-holding capacities per hectare of the community of Castanopsis fissa at near-mature stage under forest enclosing and tending are larger than those at young stand stage，the t indexes show that they both reach a significant level；correlation analysis indicates that the water-holding capacities and the dry litter weight per hectare are both outstandingly，significantly and positively correlated with the dominance in tree layer．are both outstandingly，significantly and negatively correlated with the dominance in shrub layer，under 90％ reliability，there is a significant and positive correlation between the dominance in herb layer and the water-holding capacities per hectare，between the water-holding capacity of dry litter per ton and species numbers in tree layer；the dominance in shrub layer is outstandingly，significantly and negatively correlated with the dominance in tree layer，there is an outstanding，significant and positive correlation between the dominance in herb layer and the dominance in tree layer，between the water-holding capacities per hectare and the dry litter weight per hectare．
Effect of field covering with plastic and straw on agricultural ecology of apple orchard in arid desert area
ZHAO Chang-Zeng, LU Lu, CHEN Bai-Hong
2004, 12(1): 155-158.
Abstract(1008) PDF(1149)
Abstract:
The effects of different saving water measures on soil water content(SWC)，temperature and fertility，as well as growing and fruiting were studied including mulching with straw，plastic and both of them in apple orchard of arid area．The results show that SWC of root-room from 0 tO 60cm depth is increased with water saving measures．Its highest increase occurs in May and June when apple tree is in the course of water-demanding and the contradiction between water supply and demand is eased up．The so“temperature increases obviously at the depth from 0 to 45cm with mulching either plastic or plastic and straw in the growing season．But the soil temperature is lower in the early season only under strawm ulching，however，higher than CK in the later season．The budding and blooming will be delayed because of lower ternperature with straw mulching in spring in comparison with CK，thus the frosly injury can be avoided or at least lightened Also，the contenls of soil organic matter，N，P and K available are increased，and the bulk density is decreased forln 0．019 to 0．133g／cm3．As a result．the mean length of annual shoot and the single leaf area increase by 16．4％～39．4％and 2．7～3．86cm2．respectively．The yield and quality of apple are enhanced．increasing the soluble solids form 0．9％ to 1．2％ and the yields from 1710 to 2460kg／hm2 ．
Ecosystem health theory and its analysis method
SHEN Wen-Jun, SHEN Zuo-Rui, WANG Xiao-Yi
2004, 12(1): 159-161.
Abstract(1365) PDF(1296)
Abstract:
In this paper，the emergence and development of the ecosystem health theory，some assessment methods and indexes to study ecosystem health degree are provided，and its practices on greenhouse ecosystem in the country are introduced also．
The application of system coupling in grassland agro-system in China
WAN Li-Qiang, HOU Xiang-Yang, REN Ji-Zhou
2004, 12(1): 162-164.
Abstract(1021) PDF(987)
Abstract:
The concept of system coupling and its application in grassland agriculture are discussed in this paper．Based on the analysis of the current status of grassland agro-system coupling in China，it is concluded that the key to system cou-pling development is to have a better understanding of the mechanisms of system coupling and contradiction existing on the three interfaces of grassland agro-system through further research．
Study on influence of atmosphere infectant soot on crop
FU Jia-Yuan, ZHENG Ze-QUFI
2004, 12(1): 165-167.
Abstract(1042) PDF(1036)
Abstract:
The harm symptom and harm degree to Chinese cabbage were studied in the soot simulating test．The results show that the Chinese cabbage has changed in biology characters，physiological function，output and quality by the influence of soot of different quantities．The critical soot quantity of distinct difference and bally distinct difference are 45．7t／km2·mon．and 65．7t／km2 mon．their ranges of reduction output are l6．6％and 30．0％．The influence of soot on quality of the Chinese cabbage is distinct too．The contents of,solubility sugar are decreased by 16．7％ and 31．0％ ．and the contents of coarse protein are decreased bv l5．0％ and l5．9％．respectively.
Study on oxytetracycline-treated wastewater as agricultural irrigation water
WEI You-Ouan, WANG Hua-Jun, ZHANG Qiang
2004, 12(1): 168-170.
Abstract(1247) PDF(944)
Abstract:
The irrigation experiments of corn and millet by using the oxytetracycline-treated wastewater show that the proper discharge and time of the irrigation can not only solve the problem of the irrigation water shortage but also increase the crops output．The sewage after trea tment does not add any burden to ecological agriculture but improves the soil and increases the output of farm product．
The countermeasures of the pollution prevention in poultry feeding industry of China
FU Jun-jie, LI Yuan
2004, 12(1): 171-173.
Abstract(1367) PDF(2126)
Abstract:
The main impacts of the environmental pollution and the main problems in the environmental pollution Prevention in China are analyzed and the countermeasures of pollution prevention are put forward，such as referring to the environmental management experiences in the poultry feeding industry of the developed countries；taking the principles of decrease in amount，innocuity in quality，practicality and heapness；reasonable planning and comprehensive prevention．thus building the best mode of pollutant treatment of poultry feeding industry．
Strategy of animal husban dry development characterized as eco-economic type in the interlaced area of agriculture and pasture of North China-A case study from Zhangbei experiment station，Heibei Province
SUN Xin-Zhang, CHENG Sheng-Kui, MIN Qing-Wen, ZHANG Li-Feng, ZHANG Xin-Min
2004, 12(1): 174-176.
Abstract(876) PDF(1150)
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of main livestock’s ecological and economical adaptation in the interlaced area of agriculture and pasture of North China，this paper advances that the forage-livestock development is a good pattern to resolve the paradox between ecological and economical benefits That is，it is better to develop artificial grassland in desertified farmland and degenerated grassland with feeding naked oats mainly and raising cashmere goats in enclosure at the same time．
Analysis on dilemma and technical demand of the sustainable development of cropping system in Huang-Huai-Hal Plain
WU Lan-Fang, OUYANG Zhu, CHEN Fu, ZHU Wen-Shan
2004, 12(1): 177-179.
Abstract(1052) PDF(1110)
Abstract:
Some dilemmas are emerging in Huang-Huai-Hal Plain cropping system such that high yield not always brings high economic efficiency，high output aggravate resources depletion，and agricultural industrialization development will be limited by the shortage of superior quality products．The countermeasures resolving these dilemmas include adjusting and optimizing the cropping system and planting pattern so as to promote and form the leading industry；inputting rationally and saving resources so as to accelerate the incomes of villagers and resource use efficiently；using production technology without social effects of pollution so as to make the best use of resource and decrease circumstance contamination．
The changes of ecosystem services and their values in various constructions of land use-A case study from YUjinhuoluo County of Inner Mogolia
BAI Xiao-Fei, CHEN Huan-Wei
2004, 12(1): 180-182.
Abstract(2048) PDF(1639)
Abstract:
The theory of ecosystem services can be used to quantify the economic valuation of services supplied by ecosystems．The actions of ecosystem services valuation in land use are stated．with adduced and amended figures，the ecological consequence of land use from l990 tO 2000 in Yijinhuoluo，a county of Inner Mogolia is assessed．The results show that the ecosystem services have diminished 226．96 million Yuan in the ten years．This demonstrates that it induces prodigious result on regional ecological environment of increasing economy.
Character of agro-ecolonomic system and its sustainable development countermeasures in Huangta small watershed
WANG Yin-Chuan, ZHANG Feng-Rong, SUN Dan-Feng, LI Xiao-Qin
2004, 12(1): 183-184.
Abstract(823) PDF(962)
Abstract:
The structure，function and relationships with the outside of agro-ecolonomic system in Huangta small watershed is revealed by system theory，and some management measures are suggested such as fully using land，adjusting structure of product；raising grain yield and output value of unit land：enhancing the infrastructure construction；strengthening training of technical ability of agriculture

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