2004 Vol. 12, No. 3

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Several important scientific issues in the development of China’S eco-agriculture at the present time
YANG Zheng-Li
2004, 12(3): 1-4.
Abstract(1151) PDF(1160)
Abstract:
On the basis of the development and sci-tech progress in China’S eco-agricdture．six important issues have been advanced．It is necessary to combine the China’S eco-agriculture with its feature and learn from alternative agriculture abroad．The industrialization is both the dificulty and way out in front of China’S eco-agriculture，including production with standardization，no pollution and a legal man agement system ．The kernel technologies for China’S eco-agriculture are mainly mnnected with no-pollution planting and grazing，new-typed fertilizers，medicines and farming plastics，and technologies of products processing，products authentication and marketing strategy，etc．The standardization and industrialization are the signs of innovation and stage-development China’S eco-agriculture．The farmer’S enthusiasm and engagement are the basic matters in developing China’S eco-agriculture．China’S eco-agriculture can not be developed well if only paying attention to the Sca1e but not the quality．
The interactive mechanism between economy and environment in depressed area-A case study from Dingxi District,Gansu Province
WANG Xin
2004, 12(3): 5-8.
Abstract(1082) PDF(821)
Abstract:
This study introduces the factor model of coupling relationship between eco-envimnmental vatlnerability and poverty，and discusses the development trend of their driving factor，proposes the interactive mechanism between economy and environment in poor region．The contradiction between economy and environment is acutely and obviously the contradiction of eco-envimnm ental vulnerability and poverty in this region；the vicious circle of eco-envimnm ental vatlnerability and poverty results from the natural and human action but mainly from the human action；the selecting space of survival methods is due to the eco-envimnm ental vulnerability．The Chinese sustainable development policies implemented in poor regions are notonlytheimportan tcountermeasures for environmental protection and restoration，butalsothe efficientway of its getting rid of poverty by economic development．
Study on division of eco-environmental conservation in Ningxia
CHANG Dan-Dong, ZHANG Hong-Jiang, WANG Li-Xian
2004, 12(3): 9-12.
Abstract(1233) PDF(1121)
Abstract:
Coupling step by step the qualitative analysis and expert integration methods，the 20 counties (cities)in Ningxia Autonomous Region are divided into 4 eco-environmental conservation regions and 10 sub-regions，and according to the primary eco-envimnmental problem faced，the specific suggestions concerning eco-envimnmental conservation are put forward．
Systematic assessment and regional features of soil quality in the aainan Bland
ZHAO Yu-Guo, ZHANG Gan-Lin, ZHANG Hua, GONG Zi-Tong
2004, 12(3): 13-15.
Abstract(1349) PDF(1193)
Abstract:
The systematic evaluating model of soil quality of Hainan Island was established and the comprehensive quality of soil was evaluated．The results show that the soils in the Hainan Island have high water availability and root suitabilitv at a poor nutrition oondition．The comprehensive soil quality is at a moderate or smtable leve1．Soils under the cover of viigin forest have the best soil quality compared to those used by annual and perennial crops．
Research on the species diversity and spatial pattern of Pinus tawanensis population in Wuyishan Mountain
FENG Lei, H0NG Wei, WU Cheng-Zhen, SONG Ping, LAN Si-Ren
2004, 12(3): 16-18.
Abstract(1347) PDF(1460)
Abstract:
The species diversity and spatial pattern of Pinus tazoanensis population in Wuyishan Mountain in different elevations were studied．The results show that there is no obvious rule between the species diversity and spatial pattern in the lower elevation for people’s disturbance；with the increase of altitude，the species diversity indices ，richness and eveness decline．the growth of Pinus tazoanensis population is restrained．The distributive pattern of Pinus tazoanensis population be longs to clumpy distribution in the higher elevation．
A preliminary study on the spatial relationships of landscape types and their scale analyses in the Scenery District of Wuyi Mountain
HE Dong-Jin, HONG Wei, HU Hai-Qing, CNEN Bing-Rong, YU Jian-An
2004, 12(3): 19-23.
Abstract(1168) PDF(1031)
Abstract:
The spatial relationships of lan dscape types and the scale effects in the Scenery District of Wuyi Mountain are analyzed in this paper．The rmults show that the relationships of landscape types are affected by different sampling scales．The higher the fragmentation degrees of the landscape types are．the greater the effects of sampling wales on their spatial relationships will be，while the sampling scale effects will be smaller if the fragmentation degrees of landscape types are lower；the sampling scale should not be too large in the research of spatial relationships of landscape types．For the Scenery District of Mt．Wuyi, the sampling scale of 200m ×200m is the best；the characteristics of spatial relationships of landscape types in the Scenery District show that the landscape pattern in low elevation is controlled by the disturbance regime，which comes from residential area，spreads through farmland and river，and in the middle or high elevation，the landscape pattern is controlled by the natural Pinus massoniana forest which is rnainly made of near-ripe and over-ripe forests of Pinns massoniana.
The litter decomposition rate of mixed forest of poplar and black locust
ZHANG Ding-Hua, ZHAI Ming-Pu, LIN Ping, jLA Li-Ming
2004, 12(3): 24-26.
Abstract(1216) PDF(1279)
Abstract:
The litter decomposition rates of pure and mixed forest of poplar and black locust are studied in this paper．The results show that the litter decomposition rate increases with the soil moisture increasing ．The litter decomposition rate under maxinlurn moisture capacity reveals the fastest．The initial decomposition rate is the biggest under the condition of 70％ field moisture capacity，it needs four days to get the big est decomposition rate while the others need seven days．The order of the litter decomposition rate is pure black locust>mixed forest>pure poplar．It is considered that C／N in pure black locust litter is substantially higher than that in pure poplar litter．It can reduce the C／N ratio and accelerate the litter decomposition by mixing poplar with black locust．
Efect of salinity stress on the germination rate of tree seed
ZHANG Jian-Feng, LI Xiu-Fen, S0NG Yu-Min, XING Shang-Jun, CHI Jin-Biao
2004, 12(3): 27-28.
Abstract(1526) PDF(1631)
Abstract:
The effect of salinity stress on the germination rate of tree seed show that the two kinds of salts(NaC1 and NaCl+KC1)both have harmful influence on the seed germination as well as seedling growth．With the salinity concentration rising．the germination rates fal1 and the seedling growing worsen．Additionally compared with the compound Salts(NaCl+KCl)，single salt(NaC1)is stronger to hinder the seed germination and seedling growth，which indicates that K+ can alleviate the negative effect of Na+.Finally，the concept of index of salinity tolerance is put forward．
Achievements on eliminating the selection marker of transgenic plant
D0NG Wen-Qi, QU Dong-Yu, WANG Hai-BO
2004, 12(3)
Abstract(1291) PDF(1130)
Abstract:
The selection marker in transgenic plant may influence gene expression，further transformation，plant characteristics ，environment and public health．The ways and the principles，the research achievements and the problems on eliminating the selection marker were systematically reviewed．To establish the transformation methods without selection marker is more important than all the above．
Research aflvanee in the molecular biology of cytoplasmic male sterility in plants
KONG Xiang-Hai
2004, 12(3): 35-39.
Abstract(1026) PDF(1071)
Abstract:
The progress on the molecular biology of cytoplasmic male sterility in plants is summarized in this paper，including the structure，origin，action mechanism，and the out-of express of chimeric gene；the other factors which cause cytoplasmic male sterility emerging；the expression of specific gene in the development of pollen；fertility restoration；the scheme of composing cytoplasmic male sterility by gene engineering researches．
Anatomical structure character of vegetative organ of two cultivars of Jasminum sabac and their ecological adaptations
GUO Su-ZK, DENG Chuan-Yuan, ZHANG Yu-Song, PAN Dong-Ming, HUANG Chun-Mei
2004, 12(3): 40-43.
Abstract(1266) PDF(1045)
Abstract:
Anaiomy of vegetative organs(root，stem，leaf)between Jasminum sabac(single peta1)and J．sabac(double peta1)growing at the similar habitats was surveyed．The results show that compared tO J．sabac(single peta1)，J．sabac(double peta1)accumulates much more starch grains in the parenchyma of stems and roots；has much fewer tyloses in the vessel lum ens of the secondary xylem of stem；the cell layers of cortex of stem are about 2～4：has smaller stomatal apparatus，higher stomata density，smaller ratio of stomatal area／leaf surface area，more sunken stomatal apparatus，smaller mesophyll cells，higher ratio of palisade tissue/mesophyll tissue，and compacter palisade tisue．Anatomical structures are presumely relative to ecological adaptations．Therefore，the differences in anatomical structures are considered to be a reason that J．sabac(double peta1)can survive at the lower temperature and in drier habitats than J．sabac(single peta1)．
Efects of water stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes of Malus L．plant
PENG Li-Xin, SHU Huai-Rui, LI De-Quan
2004, 12(3): 44-46.
Abstract(1625) PDF(1494)
Abstract:
The changes in activities of SOD．CAT．P0D and MDA contents in 1eaves and roots of three different species of Malus L．were studied under the water stress．The results show that the activities of S0D．CAT and POD are gradually increased under the water stress conditions． activity firstly reaches the highest point when the absolute water content of soi1 decreases to 6．5％ ．but the highest point of SOD activity is at 2．8％ ．then their activities are decreased with further increasing of water stress．an dare partly recovered by rewatering．rrhe highest point of P0D activity appears when the absolute water content of sol1 declines to 3．2％ ．declines again with further increase of water stress and stin decreases after rewatering．MDA content is gradually increased un der the water stress conditions，and arrives at the highest point when the absolute water content of soil declines to 1．8％ and decreases after rewatering．It is eoncluded that the order of an tioxidization abilities of the species is M ．sieverii> M micromalus> M ．hupehensis．
Study on dynamic laws 0f soil moisture in hilly area 0f the Loess Plateau
ZHANG Chao, WANG Hui-Xiao
2004, 12(3): 47-50.
Abstract(1038) PDF(1143)
Abstract:
The dynamic laws of soll moisture in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau are studied in this paper．The results show that the precipitation is the most important factor to determine the tempo ral change of soil moisture；the soil moisture decreases from Ocm to 30cm and increases from 30cm to 120cm and the total changing trend is slowly；the ranges of spatial variability of soil moisture for bareness and farmland are 3．17m and 7．25m respectively．
Winter wheat photosynthesis and biomass accumulation model under water stress conditions
LI Long-Hui, ZHENG You-Fei, YU Qiang
2004, 12(3): 51-54.
Abstract(1592) PDF(965)
Abstract:
The paper introduces a canopy photosynthesis and a dry matter accumulation model of winter wheat．The moodel mainly considers the influence 0f the environm ental factors on crop photosyn thetic process，quotes the simple empirical partitioning pattern and establishes a dry matter accumulation mod e1．The results of mod eling are compared well with the experimental results through the statistical an alysis by RMSE whose values range from 15 tO 100．It indicates that the model has a good function tO simulate the photosyn thesis and the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat under water stress conditions ．
Research on water-consume influencing factors and the approaches of increasing water use efficiency of farm in the Piedmont of Mt．Taihang
GUo Chang-Cheng, LIU Meng-Yu, CHEN Su-Ying, ZHANG Xi-Ying
2004, 12(3): 55-58.
Abstract(1402) PDF(1211)
Abstract:
The influendng factors of water consuming and water demanding of farm were studied in this paper．Cxxnbined with the experimental results of fidd，the approaches of decreasing the quantity of water imigation，increasing the water use effidency，achieving the balance of exploitation and supply of underground water resource in this region are put forward．
Efects of progressive drying and rewatering on ohysiological and biochemical indicators in maize seedlings
AHA0 Li-Ying, DENG Xi-Ping, SHAN Lun
2004, 12(3): 59-61.
Abstract(1121) PDF(1200)
Abstract:
The pot experiments show that the relative water content of root，stern and leaf is reduced 10．41％ ．12．03％ and 10．82％ during the process of soil moisture declining from 70％ tO 30％ and it is increased after rewatering enough．The more the water deficit is．the more the relative water content is increased after rewatering．The order of relative water contents is always root> stem> lear at different extents of water deficit．The soluble sugar in stem and lear is increased at first．then declined．Its maximum value is arrived at 50％ water leve1．But its content shows trend of increase in root．The soluble protein．osmotic potential and water potential decline under the drying and increase after rewatering．They arerestored to the natural level at 50％ and 60％ after rewatering of 12 hours．The osmotic adjustment ability of root．stern and leaf is significantly affected because of severe water deficit at 30％ and 40％ leve1．and the osmotic adjustment ability of root is the minimum．
The changing laws of the diurnal evapo transpiration and soil evaporation between plan ts in the winter wheat field of the North China Plain
SUN Hong-Yong, LIU Chang-Ming, ZHANG Xi-Ying, ZHANG Yong-Qiang, PEI Dong
2004, 12(3): 62-64.
Abstract(1475) PDF(1618)
Abstract:
The changing laws and affecting factors 0f the diurnal evapotranspiration and aoil evaporation between plants in the winter wheat field are studied in this paper．The results show that the ratio Of evapo ration tO evapotranspiration is the most from seeding tO recovering an d it is the least from tasseling to grain·-filling；the ratio of evapo ration tO evapotranspiration in the winter wheat field is about 31．4％ during the whole periods；the equation of the relationship between the rati0 of evaporation to evapotranspiration(E／ET)and LAJ is E／ET=0．3693×(LAI)-0.7493(R2 =0．8236)．
Efect of soil compaction On tomato growth，development，yield and quality in solar greenhouse
ZHANG Guo-Hong, ZHANG Zhen-Xian, LIANG Yong, CAO Zhi-Fu
2004, 12(3): 65-67.
Abstract(1309) PDF(1368)
Abstract:
The effects of coil paction on growth，development， yield and quality of toronto in greenhouse are studied in this paper．The results show that with the soil compaction increasing，the plants grow and develop slowly，its yield，quality and flavor decline．While with the soil compaction decreasing，the plants grow and devdop well，and the fruiting node place declines，water use effidency(WUE)of leaves and yield of tomato fruits increase，the contellts of soluble sugar，soluble protein，free amino acidin fruits．increase and the quality．flavor and economic coeffidency of fruits are improved．
Efects of cropping system of the rotation of upland crop and rice on the total and available copper contents in soils
DING Wei-Xin, CHEN Dong-Feng, LIU Yuan-Chang
2004, 12(3): 68-71.
Abstract(1046) PDF(1117)
Abstract:
The study on the effects of cropping system transformation from upland farming to the rotation of upland crop and rice on the total and available copper contents in calcic concretion black soils shows that the EX-Cu is the intensity factor of the available copper；the OM-Cu，AFeO-Cu，MnO-Cu and Carb-Cu are the capacity factor of the available copper；the Res-Cu and CFeO-Cu are unavailable for plants but can be activated under the artificial cultivation．The ratios of Res-Cu，CFeO-Cu，Carb-Cu and MnO-Cu to the total copper during the rotation of upland crop and rice decrease and on the contrary，thoseof OM-Cu，Ex-Cu and AFeO-Cu increase，which enablethe copper to be moremovableand available，and finally lead to the reduction of total copper contents in tilling layer due to leaching．
The organism of Mn loss from the surface soil for rice／wheat rotation systems in Chengdu Plain
WANG Jia-Chen, ZHANG Fu-Suo, LIU Xue-Jun, LU Shi-Hua, ZENG Xiang-Zhong
2004, 12(3): 72-74.
Abstract(1036) PDF(1138)
Abstract:
The organisms of Mnlossfrom the surface soil of paddy rice and upland crop rotation systems and the effects of the application of N on the plant Mn accumulation are studied in this paper．The results show thatthe application of N can improve the Mn absorption of plant；a part of active Mn is absorbed by plant，the other part of Mn is deposited in deep soil layer，and only a little part of Mn is leached out from deep layer soil．Harvest is the main form of Mn loss from soil．Because of 82％ Mn in rice straw by harvesting，the important way of holding the paddy Mn fertility is to return straw to fidd．
Efects of moisture-fertilizer interaction on the yields of maize and soybean under the condition of inter-cropping
LIU Xiu-Zhen, ZHANG Yue-Jun, DU Hui-Ling
2004, 12(3): 75-77.
Abstract(1239) PDF(1091)
Abstract:
By using the design of three factors-five levels-quadratic general spinning ，the effects of applying different amounts of N，P fertilizers an d moisture on the yields of maize and soybean under the eondition of inter-cropping were studied．The results show that the effect of thre factors on soybean yield is moisture> N>P．the effect of three factors on soybean yield is mo isture>P>N．while in the eficiency of mo isture-fertilizer interaction the moisture efficiency iS more than that of fertilizer，and the fertilizer efficiency increases with the increasing of irrigation．
Nitrogen uptake and grsan yield efects of double-cropping rice at different nitrogen application rates in the first crop of ratoon rice
ZHENG Jing-Sheng, LIN Win-Xiong, LI Yi-Zhen, Jiang Zhao-Wei, ZHUO Chuan-Ymg
2004, 12(3): 78-82.
Abstract(1123) PDF(1072)
Abstract:
Nitrogen uptake and grain yield effects of double-cropping rice at different nitrogen application rates in the first crop of ratoon rice were studied．The results show that the N uptake of double-cropping rice plants exhibits a parabola curve with N application rates in the first crop of ratoon rice ．The N absorption rate is the highest at the panicle development phase in the first crop，the second highest is at the late tillering stage and the grain filling stage of the first crop and during the period from harvest stage of the first crop to full heading stage of the second crop of ratoon rice ．Among the total N uptake of rice plants．the ratio of uptake of soil N decreases as N application rate enhances and the uptake of fertilizer N shows a parabola curve with the increasing of N application rates ．At the grain filling stage，it is the main N source transported from vegetable parts to grains ．The relationship between the dry matter accumulation of double-cropping rice and the N application rates in the first crop is also a parabola curve，in that the net assimilation rate(NAR)significantly decreases when the N application is over limitation，in turn leading to reduced crop growth rate(CGR)and net dry matter accum ulation．Grain yield has a closely significantly positive correlation with the total dry matter accum ulation，specially a very close correlation with the net dry matter accum ulation of the mi ddle-late stages in the first crop．The grain yield of the second crop also shows a very close corelation with the net dry matter accumulation of the mi ddle-late stages in the first crop．The net dry matter accum ulations recorded in the middle-late stages and the grain yield in the first and second crops are the highest after applying N 225-300kg／hm2 in the first crop and suitable bud fertilizer in the rationed rice，in-dicating that the grain yield of the first crop is 10913-11300kg／hm2 and that of the second crop of ratoon rice is 7565-7878kg／hm2．
Leaching loss of nitrate during the wheat growing season in Piedmont of Mountain Taihang
LI Xiao-Xin, Hu Chun-Sheng, Stephen J.Herbert
2004, 12(3): 83-85.
Abstract(1168) PDF(935)
Abstract:
The leaching loss of N03--N during wheat growing season in Piedmont Mountain Taihang are studied in this paper．The results show that there are lots of N03--N leached during the wheat growing season in Piedmont of Mountain hang for the over fertilization and improper irrigation．The nitrate leaching through 180cm soil depth are 0．1kg／hm2，22．1kg／hm2，and110．1kg／hm2 inwheat season with N 100kg／hm2，200kg／hm2，and400kg／hm2 treatments，the irrigation before wheat plan ting and the first irrigation in the next year eauses lots of nitrate leached．
The influence of different concentrations of Mn on the growth and development of wheat
WU Tai-Cun, YAN Lin, LIANG Xiao-Hua, CHEN Hong, WANG Jing-An
2004, 12(3): 86-88.
Abstract(989) PDF(1042)
Abstract:
In the method of water culture，the influences of Mn deficiency，low Mn and normal Mn on the growth and development of wheat were studied．The results show that with the Jingdong-8，both the low Mn and the Mn deficiency make the fresh weight and the dry weight of stem an d root decrease obviously，the content of the N03--N and the soluble protein increase evid/ently；while the content of amino acid has no obvious difference in other trea tments，except for the marked decrease at the lower Mn concentration of 0．001umol/L；al1 the indexes express that 1ow Mn concentration has more higher influence than Mn deficiency；in protein electropho resis，two protein lines disappear in the low Mn concentration．The expressions 0f Linyuan-7069 are just not So obvious as those of Jingdong-8．
Efects of Ni pollution on the absorption and accumulation of mineral nutritious elements in wheat seedling
MA Jian-Jun, ZHANG Shu-Xia, WU He-Ping
2004, 12(3): 89-91.
Abstract(998) PDF(1181)
Abstract:
The effects of Ni stress on the absorption and accumulation of Cu，Zn，Fe，Mn，Ca and Mg in the stems and leaves of wheat seedling were studied．The results show that with the increase of Ni content in the soil．the growth of wheat seedling is restrained ，and the biomass is reduced ．As a result，the accuYnulation and the contents of Cu，Fe，Ca and M g in wheat seedling decrease；however．the accuYnulation and the contents of Zn and Mn increase．The identity of the accumulation rate and its regularity of these six mineral elements show that the poisonousness of Ni is correhted withthe imbalan ce of metabolism of mineral nutritious elements．
Efects of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on the short-dated cotton of top removal planting type
CHAI Wei-Dong, LIU Yong-Ping, LI Hong-Qin, LIU Zhen, LI Hong-Min
2004, 12(3): 92-94.
Abstract(1094) PDF(997)
Abstract:
Effects of application of nitrogenous fertilizer on the short-dated cotton of top removal planting type with high photosynthetic show that the buildup fountain is the main reason of increasing production，enlarging storeroom is the limitation to production．A less nitrogenous fertilizer can improve the lint cotton yield remarkably，more nitrogenous fertilizer only makes cotton improving its adaptability．but not extra yield remarkably．The yield potential depends on a suit of planting techniques．
Efect of release-controlled urea application on the N uptake and yield of soybean
JIAO Xiao-Ouang, LU0 Sheng-Cmo, LIU Yuan-Ying
2004, 12(3): 95-98.
Abstract(1314) PDF(818)
Abstract:
The effect of release-controlled urea application on the N uptake．yield and quality of soybean is described in this paper．The results show that release-controlled urea can increase the N efficiency by 3．06％～11．93％，increase the residual N by 1．25％～15．89％ in the sandy soil，it also increases the soybeslq yield by 21．69％-49．22％ and improves the soybean quality．
Efect of the application amount of humic acid compound fertilizer 0n the yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper
SUN Zhi-Mei, XUE Shi-Chuan, WANG Guo-Qi, LlU Shu-Ping, ZHANG Hui-Yong
2004, 12(3): 99-101.
Abstract(1297) PDF(1401)
Abstract:
The effects of different application amounts of humic acid compound fertilizer(HA)on yield and nutrient utilization rate of pepper(Capsicum frutescens L．)were studied．The results show that with the increase of fertilizer application，the N ，P and K accumulationsbythe leaves ofpepper are increased．TheN，P and K accumulations bythefruits of pepper are described with quadratic parabola mode1．Fertilizer production efficiency and nutrient utilization rate of N ，P and K are all decreased with the fertilizer application increasing ．The changeable tendency of yield of pepper with the fertilizer application and the contribution of fertilizer to pepper yield are cons isted with that of nutrients accum ulation by the fruits of pepper．
Efects of N，P，K combinations on nitrate accumulation and nutrient quuality of foliage vegetables grown in soil-less culture
LI Hui-He, WANG Zheng-Yin, ZHANG Hao, LI Bao-Zhen
2004, 12(3): 102-104.
Abstract(1708) PDF(1290)
Abstract:
The effects of N，P，K combinations[N：P205：K2o=1：1：1(BNPK)，3：1：2(HNK)，2：1：3(HKN)，2：3：1(HPN)and 3：2：1(HNP<)，respectively]on nitrate accumulation and nutrient quality of foliage vegetables grovcn in soil-less culture were studied．The results show that the growth，yield，the contents of VC，soluble sugar(except HPN treatment)and amino acid(except HPN and HNP treatments)are reduced in all treatm ents，but there is no different effect on the nitrate accumulation in celery．The yields(except HNP treatment)and the contents of VC(except HPN treatment)，soluble sugar (except HKN and HNK treatments)and amino acid(except HNP treatment)in romaine lettuce are increased，but the nitrate contents of romaine lettuce are decreased by 4．5％-41．8％ (except HNK treatment)．
Efects of organic material Oil the forms of added cd and its bioavailability in soil
CHEN Jian-Bin, CHEN Bi-Qun, DENG Chao-Xiang
2004, 12(3): 105-108.
Abstract(1135) PDF(1090)
Abstract:
The effects of rice straw and the Chinesemilk vecth on the forms of added Cd and its bioavailability in soil were studied in pot experiment．The results indicate that the rice straw and the Chinese milk vecth can significantly reduce the Ex(exchangeable)-Cd contents of fluvo-aquic soil and red-soil in tillering stage．But the influence is different between the soils．The effects ofrice straw and the Chinese milk vecth on the forms of added Cd in tillering stage are not stable．From tillering to mature stage，Sob-Cd (strong organic bound)and Mn-Cd are released andtransformed into Ex-Cd with the decomposition of strong organic material and red uction of active Mn．The Cd uptake by rice is closely related to the forms of Cd ．In tillering stage，these two kinds of organic materials can inhibit the Cd uptake by root and stelTl of rice．But in mature stage，Cd contents in root，steinan dlear，and grain of ricerise rapidly，which results from the increase of Ex-Cd and decrease of Sob-Cd ．
The effect of applying economic green manure crops in the paddy field with succession cropping system
SHENG Liang-Xue, HUANG Dao-You, XIA Hai-Ao, XIA0 Shi-Yun
2004, 12(3): 109-111.
Abstract(1157) PDF(1185)
Abstract:
The economic green manure crops，including broad bean，pea，soybean，cowpea，triticale，etc．are identified as the key manure crops suitable for growing in the paddy field in the subtropics，and the way of utilizing these crops is presented also．Additionally，five kinds of succession cropping models carried out in the paddy field，i．e．broad bean-early rice-late rice，pea-early rice-late rice，oil rape-soybean-late rice，oil rape-cowpea-late rice，an d triticale-e&rly rice-late rice，are studied ．Finally，the economic and ecological benefits of these cropping systems are analyzed．
Study on the residual dynamics and factors afecting degradation of clomazone in paddy soils
LI Lian-Fang, LI Guo-Xue, YANG Ren-Bin, GUO Zheng-Yuan
2004, 12(3): 112-115.
Abstract(1226) PDF(1265)
Abstract:
Residual dynamics and factors affecting degradation of clornamne in different paddy soils are studied in this paper．The results show that the degradation of clomazone answers to the first-order kinetics equation C = C0e-kt and its half-life in four kinds of soils is 5．7～22．0d．Through sterilization，clomazone is degraded more slowly than the nonsterilized one．The degradation of clomazone is dependent on the microorganisms and affected by soil prope rties ．temperature．soil moisture and pH value．The distinct negative correlativity exists between the degrada tion speed of clomazone and organic matter content of different paddy soils，and the correlative coefficient is -0．8336．The process of degradation of clomazone is somewhat sped up in a certain degree with temperature increasing，however，the degradation spe edof clomazone at 25℃ behaves faster than that at 35℃ ．With the soil moisture increasing and the addition of lime into sol1．the degrada tion of clomazone will be accelerated ．
Injury mechanism of acid rain on plant and its ware earths contro1
HUANG Xiao-Hua, LU Tian-Hong, ZH0U Qing, ZENG Qing-Ling, Ling Chart-Juan
2004, 12(3): 116-118.
Abstract(1513) PDF(1136)
Abstract:
Injury mechanistns of acid rain on plant have been expounded from proton effect，ion effect，photosynthesis effeet and free radical effect．On this basis，the mechan isms of the application of rare earth in the contro1 of plant metabolism and alleviation of the effect of acid rain on plant are discussed．Additionally，the directions of endeavor in the research are analyzed．
The influencing factors of production and emission of N20 from agricultural soil and estimation of total N2O emission
ZHANG Yu-Ming, HU Chun-Sheng, EIDNG Wen-Xu, CHEN De-Li, ZHANG Jia-Bao
2004, 12(3): 119-123.
Abstract(1409) PDF(1182)
Abstract:
The advanced research achievements in the processes of N2O production and emission，their influencing factors and measurement methods and estimation for total N2O emision are studied in this paper．The results show that N2O can be produced by nitrification and denitrification．The soil moisture，soil temperature，pH，soil organic carbon content and soil texture are the main factors that influence N2O production and emision．According to the measured N20 fluxes and some related models，the total N2O emission from cropland in China is N 398Gg／a，accounting for 10％of the total emlssion from agricultural soil in the world．And N2O emissions are N 310Gg／a and 88Gg／a from upland and paddy fields，respectively．
Influence of wastewater irrigation on environmental capacity of soil heavy metals and rice growth
JIANG Yong, LIANG Wen-Ju, ZHANG Yu-Ge, XU Yu-Fei
2004, 12(3): 124-127.
Abstract(1734) PDF(1149)
Abstract:
The pollution status of soils and wastewater were studied in cultivated fields．The results show that the soil contents of CA ，As ，Hg，Cu，Pb，Cr and Zn are 1．55～5．29 times of those of the background values，an d those of Cd and As are up to 3 and 1．42 times of the environmental quality standard values of the second leve1．The heavy metal contents in wastewater are 4．8 to 34 times of the standard values for irrigation water quality，and the contents of some organic pollutants&re also higher than those of the standard．If thinking the third level standard values of environmental capacity as the maxirnum limitation，the sequence of heavy metals reaching the limitation of wastewater irrigation years is Cr> Hg>Pb>Cu>Zn>CA ．Both polluted soil irrigated by natura1．water and unpolluted soil irrigated by wastewater will Mfeet the rice growth，and polluted soil irrigated by wastewater can lead to the death of some rice seedlings．
EcologicaI study of land treatment system for municipal sewage in Steppe region
TAI Pei-Dong, SUN Tie-Heng, LI Pei-Jun, SONG Yu-Fang
2004, 12(3): 128-130.
Abstract(984) PDF(947)
Abstract:
The ecological functions and environmental influence of wastewater land treatment engineering in Steppe region are reviewed in this paper． The succession and ecological safety of artificial forest communities in the condition of wastewater irrigation are analyzed also．The aspect and tolxgraphty are the key factors to foresmtbn in steppe region．The artificial fOrestS in valley or with enough irrigation grow quickly within 10～15 years，that are used as the base of wood and seedlings．Droughty sunny slope and half sunny slope are not suitable to forestation．
Progress in the research of phytoremediation technology of polluted soil
YAN Xi-Ming, HE Jin-Zhu, MIAO Qing-Song
2004, 12(3): 131-133.
Abstract(1420) PDF(1223)
Abstract:
The progress in the research of phytoremediation technology of polluted soil in and outside the oauntry is stated in this paper．Phytoremed iation of the polluted soil is a kind of method tO remedy the polluted soil．It uses the plants tO over-absorb and volatilize the heavy mental in the polluted soil．and uses the collaboration of plants and the microbe around the root to decompose the organ iceontamination in the original place．Phytoremed iation is a promising Green Industry，which is characteristic of low-cost，high-efficiency and friendly-environment．
Light temperature effect offarm land coving with film
WANG You-Ning, WAN GRong-Tang, D0NG Xiu-Rong
2004, 12(3): 134-136.
Abstract(1635) PDF(1266)
Abstract:
The dropping effect of soil temperature by film-covering on fields is studied in this paper．The resuhs show that the crop’S growing and flourishing stage(from blooming to boll opening of cotton，from tassel appearance to milky of maize，and from flowering to podding of soybean)is in the summer．Because under the film ，the crop’S branches and leaves are so flourishing and thick they can absorb more sun light，but the mid-down part of the crop has less light intensity than the coun terpart with no film-covering ． Meanwhile the temperature of the soil surface with film-covering is lower than the surface with no film -covering．In this circumstance the degree of dropping tempe rature in the cotton，maize and soybean field is 3．1℃ ．2．7℃ and 2．5℃ ．The dropping soil temperature effect with film-covering can reduce the damage of I1igh temperature to crop validly in the summer．Therefore it can increase the production．
The efect of dimatic elements on the grain number per spike of winter wheat
SUN Ben-Pu, WANG Yong, LI Ⅺu-Yun, WANG Guang-Yuan, LIU Feng
2004, 12(3): 137-139.
Abstract(1200) PDF(1325)
Abstract:
Through a long-term located experiment，the effect of climatic elements on the grain number per spike of winter wheat were studied ．The results show that the days from the time when the average temperature of 5 days iS first heyond 4℃ to the time when the differentiation of stamen and pistil primordium begins are the main element to affect the grain num berper spikeof winterwheat．Anditis also afected by the lowest average temperature to the booting stage and the sunshine time to the heading stage．The influencing order of every factors to the grain number per spike of winter wheatisthe day num ber> sunshine time> the lowest average tem pe rature．So the relationships among the spike．the grain number and the 1000-grain weight should be cooperated to get high yield in different years．
Efects of diferent cutting ways on the nutritive value of alfalfa mea1
WANG Chang-Hni, YANG Jian-Qiang, DONG Kuan-Hu, WANG Yong-Xin, ZHAo Xiang
2004, 12(3): 140-142.
Abstract(1306) PDF(1370)
Abstract:
Efects of different cutting ways(conditioning，un-eonditioning，men cutting)on the nutritive vatue of atfatfa meal are studied in this paper．The results show that conditioning treatment incrcases the contents of CP and carotene and reduces the contents of NDF and ADF．Compared with the tin-conditioning treatment．conditioning treatment shortens the drying time，reduces the losses of leaf，breath，photosynthesis and enzyme activities，improves the quality of alfalfa mea1．The advan tage of conditioning treatment is superior to the un-conditioning treatm ent．similar tO the people cuttingtreatment．
Choose 0f phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains with high efficiency in black soil
WANG Guang-Hua, ZHOU Ke-Qin, JIN Jian, PAN Xiang-Wen, ZHAO Ying
2004, 12(3): 143-145.
Abstract(1329) PDF(1097)
Abstract:
The choose of phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains with high efficiency in black soil and rock phosphate solubilization in liquid culture&re studied in this paper．The results show that phosphate-solubilizing fungi(PSF)are more efficient and more stable than phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB)．Aspergillus spp‘P39’，‘P37’and Penicillium spp‘P66’，‘Pl’have a strong ability of phosphate solubilization．Moreover there is no oorrelation between the ability of phosphate solubilization with pH and organic acid content in the culture filter．The differences among the phosphate solubilizaion of phosphate-solubilizing fungi may be due to the variation and amount of organic acids produced by phosphate-solubilizing fungi．
The microbial bionmss and enzylim activities of reclaimed minesoils in the heavy metal pollution area
LONG Jian, HUANG Chang-Yong, TENG Ying, YAo Huai-Ying
2004, 12(3): 146-148.
Abstract(1620) PDF(1420)
Abstract:
The soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in copper mining wasteland and non-minesoils were studied．The results indicate that the soll microbial biomasses C，N ，and P decline compared with those of the non-mine-soils．The ratio of Cmic/Corg can be as one of the soil microbial indexes in heavy metal pollution area．The soil enzyme activities display the similar pattern ．T-test show that the differences in uresse，dehydrogenase，acid phosphtase between the H I1ing wastelan d and the non-minesoils are significant，the other enzyme activities are different significantly be twen the mining wasteland and the control，all of which may lead to the impairment of turnover and cycle velocity of C,N nutrition dements in minesoils．
Studies on the new and dominant species of genus Pythium in Nanning Region of Guangxi
YUAN Gao-Qirig, LAI Chuan-Ya
2004, 12(3): 149-152.
Abstract(1399) PDF(1060)
Abstract:
From 1998～2001，172 genus Pythium strains had been found fmm 106 specimens collected in 11 counties of Narming，Cmangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China．Among them，Pythium falciforme sp．nov．and P．nanningense sp．nov．are reported here as new species．6 species，namely P．acanthophoron Sideris，P．irregulare Buisman，P ．kunmingense Yu，P ．middletonii Sparrow ，P ．tardicrescens Vanterpo ol and P ．ultimum Trow are new records to this region．P．aphanidermatum(Edson)Fitzpatrick and P．spinosum Sawada are the dominant population．New species are described fully and illustrated ．
Efects of soaked seeds with phosphate-dissolving microorganisms on the growth and development and its nodule of soybean plant
LIU wei, ZHU Xiao-Ping, GAO Shu-Guo, CHANG Lian-Sheng, HOU D0ng-Jun
2004, 12(3): 153-155.
Abstract(1002) PDF(1066)
Abstract:
Effects of soaked seeds with phosphate-dissolving microorganisms on the growth and development and its nodule of soybean plant were studied．The results show that the phosphate-dissolving microorganisms have evident effects on the early growth and nod ule of soybean plant；they can accelerate the processes of development，promote nod ulation，and increase the b．0 ca1 yield and N，P contents of soybean plant．Among all the treatments of phosphate-dissolving microorgarfisrns，Bacillus megatherium +Aspergillus sp．treatment has the best effect．
Rhizosphere microorganism quantity and fungal flora of healthy and infected cucumber plants by F．oxysporum
MIAo Ze-Yan, ZHAO Kui-Hua, LIU Chang-Yuan, LIANG Chun-Hao, LIN Feng
2004, 12(3): 156-157.
Abstract(1318) PDF(1101)
Abstract:
The Rhizosphere microorganism quantity and fungal flora of the healthy and infected CUcumber plants by F ．oxysporum were studied．The results show that the rhizosphere fungi and bacteria quantity of the healthy plants are much higher than those of the infected ones．Quantities of rhizosphere actinomyces of the healthy and infected plants have no obvious difference．8 sorts of rhizosphere fungi emerge in the healthy plant，including 3～4 sorts of common fungi．Domirmant colonies of total iS from 25％ to 56％．Instead．only 2～4 sorts of rhizosphere fungi exist in the infected plant which iS rareand dominate fungi．The domi nant colonies occupy above 88％ of the tota1．which iS proved to he Fusarium oxysporum(Sch1．)f．sp．cucurnerinum．
Biocontrol functions of Pseudomonad
YANG Hai-Jun, TAN Zhou-Jin, XIAO Qi-Ming, HE Ke-Jia
2004, 12(3): 158-161.
Abstract(1361) PDF(1289)
Abstract:
Pseudomonas spp． carl produce many kinds of antibiotics，improve the plant nutrient，promote the plant growth and degrade poisonous materials in soil，and has a significant biocontrol function．Recently some study show that some Pseudomonad strains are poisonous to pests and can beused to develop a series of biocontrol preparations．
Flight activity of Asiatic rice borer，Chilo suppressalis(Walker)nlale in rice field
SU Jian-Wei, LIU Xiang-Hui, GE Feng
2004, 12(3): 162-164.
Abstract(1019) PDF(1083)
Abstract:
Using the sex pheromone technology，the flight activity of C．suppressalis males of over-wintering generation and the first generation is studied in this paper．The results show that the flight phase of over-wintering males of Asiatic rice borer happens from 16：00 P．m．to 6：00 a．m of the next day，and their most active phase is from 19：00 to 24：00．Compared with the flight phase of the over-wintering generation males，that of the first generation males is 2 hours later and there is often a second phase which is 1：00～2：00 of the next day．In mass trapping test of small scale，the population density of C．suppressalis males in the margin zone is higher and more variable than that in the central area because of the immigration of males．
The study on controlling the rosette disease of red Fuji apple trees
QI Guo-Hui, LI Bao-Guo, GU0 Su-Ping, QIN Li-Zhe, XU Ai-Chun
2004, 12(3): 165-168.
Abstract(1089) PDF(1142)
Abstract:
The methods of controlling the rosette disease of red Fuji apple trees were studied through various dilutions of ZnSO4·7H2O spraying toleavesin autumn and various dilutions of ZnSO4·7H2O，NAA and ZnSO4·7H2O+NAA spraying to branchlets before sprouting ．The results show that it is better to control small-leaf-rosette disease of apple tree by spraying ZnSO4。7H2O in autumn，spraying ZnSO4。7H2O and the mixed solution of ZnSO4·7H2O and NAA before sprouting．The controlling effects are very significant by spraying 100g／kg ZnSO4·7H2O in autumn，spraying 100g／kgZnSO4·7H2O，150g／kgZnSO4。7H2O and l00／kgZnSO4·7H2O+2．0mg／kg NAA，loog／kg ZnSO4·7H2O+4．0mg／kg NAA before sprouting ．The shoots length，leaf area，chlorophyll and Zn contents in leaves are significantly increased，and the rosette disease shoots percentage are significantly declined ．
Spatial pattern and variance of the Chinese fir anthracnose Glomerella cingualta
ZHU Jian-Hua, CHEN Hong-Mei, FU Rui-Shu, YE Jian-Xiong, YANG Ai-Min
2004, 12(3): 169-171.
Abstract(1674) PDF(1070)
Abstract:
The spatial pattern and variance of Chinese fir anthracnose Glomerella cingualta were studied．The results show that the Chinese fir anthracnose is distributed in aggregate pattern and the environment heterogeneity is the reason for its aggregation．The aggregation decreases with the increase of stands age．The stands at 7～8 years of age is different from those at 5～6 years of age by the reason that the disease occurred severely owing to the existing mass bore and forest ill growth．Different anti-infections in different site classes for their different growt hs is the major factor for different spatial patterns of the disease，but the aggregation indexes axe nearly in different positions on slope．
Study on the optimization of solid fermentation for the production of cellulase from Aspergillus niger
JING De-Bing, LI Pei-Jun, SUN Tie-Heng, XU Si-Ming, YAO Xiao-Fu
2004, 12(3): 172-174.
Abstract(1494) PDF(1401)
Abstract:
The experiment shows that in cellulase production from Aslergillus niger by solid fermentation with two-tern-peratures culturing method，the dextrose can improve the activity of the filter paper lyase with natural aeration，natural substrate pH(about 6．5)and an environmental humidity of 60％．Furthermore，the dextrose，wheat bran，(NH4)2SO4 and water are proper ingredients of solid substrate while the performance of Tween80 is poor at improving the enzyme activity in solid substrate．
Study on the transforming efficiency of material flowing and energy flowing in the foud chain of fermented basic staple-earthworm-mud ee1
ZHOU Wen ZOng, QIN Pei, BAI Yu
2004, 12(3): 175-177.
Abstract(1337) PDF(1169)
Abstract:
The transforming efficiency of material flowing and energy flowing in the waste material foodchain of fermented basic staple-earthworm-mud eel are studied in this paper．The results show that the kxxtehain has lower material and energy transforming efficiency of economic products．The biomass，N，P and energy transforming efficiency are 0．9％，2．1％，0．6％ and 1．0％ respectively，but it has distinctive economic and ecologic benefits．
Benefit analysis of orchard ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir--A case study from‘Huangxin’immigrant industry area of high efficiency ecological agriculture in Chongqing
LI Deng-Feng, ZHANG Fang, QIU Ling-Ling
2004, 12(3): 178-180.
Abstract(1053) PDF(1006)
Abstract:
The structure and function of orchard ecosystem in Three Gorges Reservoir are stated，showing that the distribution discipline and community makeup of fruit in Thre Gorges Reservoir are relatively reasonable，but the area proportion and the breeding frame of fruit species are not reasonable with the need of modem fruit industry．The strategies ，including fruit community makeup and breeding frame and area proportion，are suggested as wel1．
Emergy analysis method of agro-ecosystem
ZHANG Yao-Hui
2004, 12(3): 181-183.
Abstract(2392) PDF(2006)
Abstract:
The concept and theory of the emergy an alysis are stated in this paper．And the application of the step and calculating method of emergy analysis in agro-ecosystem，the index system of emergy analysis in agro-ecosystem，and the significance of emergy analysis on the assessment and quantification of the value of resource and environment ale also discussed．
The current status of ecosystem health and its assessment
HANG Zhl-Cheng, 0UYANG Hua, XIAO Feng-Jin, SUN Jiang-Hua, SONG Dong-Mei
2004, 12(3): 184-187.
Abstract(1864) PDF(1502)
Abstract:
The concept，key 1inks of research and approach of healthy ecosystem are stated in this paper．A healthy ecosystem can be described and assessed by its vigor，structure and capacity resilience．The key links of research to quantitatively assess the ecosystem health is to define the criteria of the healthy ecosystem．The possible research approach to assessing the ecosystem health is to consider the factors from the ecosystem distress syndrome，capacity resilience，and the health precaution and prevention．Harmony concern of system structure and function should be the foundation of ecosystern health assessment．
Assessment of environmental quality in the base area of green food-A case study from Qing’an County．Heilongjiang Province
ZHOU Jia, SHANG Jin-Cheng
2004, 12(3): 188-190.
Abstract(901) PDF(1125)
Abstract:
Using different assessment methods in allusion tO different environmental factors and the Fuzzy Synthetical Assessent which is possessed of fuzzy consequence and integrating fixed quality and quan tity factors，the quality of ecoenvironment of the base of green food material was assessed and the compatible subjective function waS confirmed by validation．The results show that the method is capable，the result is trustable and can be used in other bases of green food materia1.
Ecological organic fertilizers and sustainable development of agriculture
MA Guang-Ting
2004, 12(3): 191-193.
Abstract(1700) PDF(1426)
Abstract:
The relation between ecological organic fertilizers and sustainable development of agriculture is studied in this paper，showing that the microbial ecological organic fertilizers can improve the soil’S nutrition supply to plants with N，P and K；increase the plants’disease resistance；decrease the pests；and extend straw oomposting to make the soi1 refertility；reduce the use of chemical manure and pesticide；SO as tO make a good circulation of agriculture and realize the sustainable development of agriculture．
Analysis on Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and soil desertification
WANG Yu-Qing, HE Run-Xi
2004, 12(3): 194-195.
Abstract(1398) PDF(1101)
Abstract:
The distribution status of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch resource in our Country，the eeoaction of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch in dry and desert region are stated in this paper．It is considered that carrying out the impalement raise and artificial plan ting is the effective approach of protecting the Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch resource and recovering the ecobgical balance in dry and half dry desert region．
Currentprogress 0f studies on Cistanche tubulosa
XIE Jing-Xia, PAN B0-Rong
2004, 12(3): 196-197.
Abstract(1281) PDF(1444)
Abstract:
In this paper，the general studies of Cistanche tubulosa(Schrenk)R．Wight the recent years are summarized，including resource distribution，biological characteristics，identification of crude drug，and pharmacological actions．
Synthesis and properties of rare earths photo-conversion materials in agriculture-used film
WANG Yan-Chang, WANG Jia-Chen, ZHUANG Wei-Dong, HUANG Xiao-Wei, ZHANG Shi-Rong
2004, 12(3): 198-201.
Abstract(1078) PDF(1345)
Abstract:
Binary and ternary complexes were synthesized by the method of ethanolicwater precipitation，where，Eu3 is the central ion，B-diketones(HTTA=a-thenoytrifluoroacetone，HDBM=dibenzoylmetksne，BA=benzoylaeetone)and aromatic acids are the main ligands，organic ammonium (Phen=phenanthroline，TOA= ri-n-octylamine，TEA=triethylamine)is the second ligand．Optical and thermal properties were studied with fluorescence spectra and TG-DTA analysis．The results show that the fluorescencent intensity of Eu(TTA)3。Phen and Eu(DBM)3·Phen are higher than that of CK，and the order is Eu(TTA)3·Phen>Eu(DBM)3·Phen>CK．The volatilize temperatures of Eu(TTA)3·Phen and Eu(DBM)3·Phen are 220℃ and 250℃ ，higher than the processing temperatureof the film．So it can sarisfy the need of its production．Besides，Eu(DBM)3·Phen is cheaper than CK and Eu(TTA)3·Phen，SO the former is competitive than the latter in the market．
The study on ecotourism development of the national nature reserve of Golden Coast in Changli County
LI Yu-Hua, ZHANG Kai-Xuan, DUAN Xin-Yu, LIU Xue-Mei
2004, 12(3): 202-204.
Abstract(1896) PDF(1620)
Abstract:
The characteristics，present condition and existing problems of the ecotourism resources in the national nature reserve of the Golden Coast in Changli County have been analyzed in this paper．The author proposed the development pattern of‘travel inside，service outside’and Some appropriate measures of the reserve ecotourism ，especially emphasizing that the ‘travel inside’should pay attention to protecting the environment，scientific designing，highlighting its feature，regarding people as the most important and amplifying cultural connotation．

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