中国生态农业学报(中英文)

Improvement of the construction of protection zone with ecological function

ZHU Guang-Yao

2004, 12(4): 1-4.

Abstract(998) PDF(887)

Abstract:
Eco-safety is an important component of the national safety and social stability．The importance，existing problems，guiding ideology，basic principle，construction tasks and countermeasures of the construction of protection zone with ecological function in China are stated in this paper．

Establishing a scientific development ideology to improve the ecological province construction

XIE Zhen-Hua

2004, 12(4): 5-7.

Abstract(1125) PDF(931)

Abstract:
The severe status and existing problems Of eco-environment construction in China are stated．It is pointed out that the ecological province construction is the correct choice of its sustainable development and canimprove the Chinese economic development．The important work of ecological province construction is tO set up a scientific development ideology．The corect view-points about China status，resource，benefit，achievement，law and consumption must be set up．

Ecological province construction is a profitable probe and practice of regional sustainable development

ZHU Guang-Yao

2004, 12(4): 8-11.

Abstract(1333) PDF(952)

Abstract:
The content，destination，task，scientific plan and organization of the ecological province construction are stated in this paper．It is pointed out that the ecological province construction is an effective way to improve regional sustainable development，and the basic research and practical measures are necessary.

Reading with pleasure the new book “Plan B”written by Dr．Brown

SHI Shan

2004, 12(4): 12-14.

Abstract(725) PDF(661)

Abstract:
The paper expounds that the new book“Plan B-Rescuing the Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble”written by Lester·R·Brown points out a feasible way tO promote the sustainable development of the world economy，and avoid the economic decline induced by the environment deteriorate．The necessity and tactics of pursuing the“Plan B”in China are clarified．

Study on the policy and experience adopted in the development of sustainable agriculture in foreign countries

WANG Hai-Ying, DONG Suo-Cheng

2004, 12(4): 15-18.

Abstract(1220) PDF(1049)

Abstract:
In this paper，the experience and measures adopted in the development of sustainable agriculture in foreign countries are analyzed．And some policy suggestions to develop sustainable agriculture suitable for China，including the design of the developing pattern of sustainable agriculture based on the rule of socialist market economy；the adoption of different policies to develop sustainable agriculture according to the different status between the more developed area and the developing one；and converting the governmental function，setting up and improving the policy system to prompt the development of agriculture，are put forward．

Study on the main models and their complete set of techniques for the controlled environmental ecological agriculture

YANG Qi-Chang, WEI Ling-Ling, YU Heng-Shan

2004, 12(4): 19-22.

Abstract(808) PDF(1010)

Abstract:
The basic concept and present development condition 0f the Controlled Environmental Ecological Agriculture(CEEA)are stated and the structures，functions and the complete set of techniques for poultry-vegetable-methane coexisting CEEA mode，fish-vegetable coexisting CEEA mode and stereoscopic culture CEEA mode are analyzed，and the direction and key points of development of CEEA are advanced for the future study

Responses and adaptations of wheat to elevated C0₂ concentration and temperatare rise

BAI Li-Ping, ZHOU Guang-Sheng

2004, 12(4): 23-26.

Abstract(1113) PDF(1213)

Abstract:
Elevated C0₂ concentration and temperature rise will affect the growth and development，yield and quality of wheat，and the regional crop productivity．The recent advances in the responses and adaptations of wheat to elevated CO₂ concentration and temperature rise and their interaction are reviewed in this paper，and several research points in future are emphasized．

Introduction of foreign color cotton in the adaptation area of China-One of the application studies of biology adaptation area analysis system

LIU Jun-Ming, WEI Shu-Qiu

2004, 12(4): 27-30.

Abstract(1138) PDF(1035)

Abstract:
Based on the biology adaptation area analysis system，the introduction of foreign color cotton in the adaptation area of China shows that the two color cotton cuhivars bred in Ashabad Turkmen and Guanajuato Mexico have very different adaptation areas．The adaptation area of Ashabad color cotton is mainly in the Northwest of China，and that of Guanajuato color cotton is mainly in the Southwest of China．The differences of adaptability of Guanajuato color cotton are quite significant due to the complexity of terrain．Thus，the affection of sunshine must be considered adequately．

Study on ecological adaptability of alfalfa introduced from foreign countries in BeUing area

YI Peng, YANG Xiao-Guang, FENG Li-Ping, ROUZI A-ji, HU Yue-Gao

2004, 12(4): 31-35.

Abstract(972) PDF(967)

Abstract:
The results from three year’S continuous experimental study on the alfalfas of introductory varieties show that the alfalfa varieties with fall-dormancy grades 2～5 are suitable to be cultivated in north of North-China Plain，meanwhile some counterm easures must he taken to enhance the survival rate in winter；the varieties with falbdormancy grades 6 and 7 can not be spread out；the three varieties Haygarzer，Vector and Key can be harvested from 4 to 5 crops annually，and are suitable to be cultivated in Bering area；the alfalfas survive safely in summer in Beijing area，but some prevention measures must be taken to resist plant diseases and insect pest；the relation between the output and accumulative temperature of alfalfa is linear in that sowing year，and logarithmic in the following years．

The effect of enhanced Ultraviolet-B radiation on xylophyte

LIU Ai-Qin, MA Xiang-Qing

2004, 12(4): 36-39.

Abstract(1096) PDF(1190)

Abstract:
The efect of enhanced Ultraviolet-B radiation on xylophyte is reviewed and the trend of its research is put forward in this paper．

Environment effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on plants

LLANO Chan-Juan, TAO Wen-Yi, ZHOU Qing

2004, 12(4): 40-42.

Abstract(1353) PDF(1064)

Abstract:
Effects of enhaneed ultraviolet-B radiation on plants are summarized from plant physiological and biochemical metabolism，growth and development，and population and ecosystem．Some countermeasures of decreased harm of UV radiation to plant are brought forward．

Study of Jarvis model on stomatai conductance of mandarin leaf

QI Hua, YU Gui-Rui, LIU Yun-Fen, WANG Jian-Lin

2004, 12(4): 43-48.

Abstract(1317) PDF(1109)

Abstract:
The simulation on stomata1 conductance of mandarin 1eaf is studied．The results show that more than one en-vironmental variables including the photosynthetic active radiation have significant effects 01"1 the stomatal conductance of mandarin leaf．During the warmer growing period，the sequence affecting the accuracy of Jarvis model for environmental factors is photosynthetic active radiation> vapor deficit>leaf temperature>air C0₂ concentration．There exit separate and mutual effects of environmental factors on the accuracy of Jarvis model during the growing period in which the temperature and the CO₂ concentration changed significantly．The stomatal conductance of mandarin 1ear in response to environmenta1 factors can adopt different forms of Jarvis model including G(Q_p)g(D_e )for March；G(Q_p)g(D_e)g(T_L )for July，November or for March～November．

Apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis of double cropping rice in red earth hilly region of China

LIU Yun-Fen, YU Gui-Rui, WANG Li-Jun, LI Jia-Yong, SONG Xia

2004, 12(4): 49-52.

Abstract(1320) PDF(1206)

Abstract:
The photosynthesis rate-light response curve of double cropping rice in the red earth hilly region is a non-rect-angular hyperbola function．The average values and standard deviations of the apparent initial quantum yield of flag leaf，second leaf and third leaf from the top are 0.0536±0.023，0.0511±0.023，0.0488±0.025，respectively．That is，they descend gradually from the flag leaf to the lower leaves．The optimal temperature of photosyn thesis of rice in this area iS from 27℃ tO 30℃ ．

Photosynthetic characteristic and quantitative simulation of high quality wheat“8901-11-14”at the jointing stage in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

ZHANG Zhi-Cheng, OU YANG-Hua, CHEN Fu, XU Qiang

2004, 12(4): 53-56.

Abstract(1291) PDF(921)

Abstract:
The photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of high quality wheat“8901-11-14”at the jointing stage were studied in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain．The results show that the correlated efficiency of the photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate．as well as that of the photosynthetic rate and the amount of absorbed carbon dioxide，are significantly eorrelated ，while the other concerned factors，such as physiological active radiation(PAR)，the initial concentration of carbon dioxide。and the stomatal conductance，only have a limited influence upon the photosyn thetic rate in this time．The quantitative model of photosyn thetic rate of high quality wheat“8901-11-14”is constructed ．which can be proved suitable in expressing the dynamic day-change of photosynthesis rate at the jointing time．

Construction of expression vector of nematode-resistant gene and transformation of sugarcane

CHEN Ping-Hua, XU Li-Ping, CHEN Ru-Ka

2004, 12(4): 57-59.

Abstract(1655) PDF(1109)

Abstract:
The expression vector of Hs 1 pro-1 of nematode-resistaht gene cloned by the Germany scientists was constructed and transformed into sugarcane to get the transgenic plants．The cloned vector P1832 was digested with restriction nuclease Nco I．DNA polymerase I Large Fragment and Sac I in order．The short fragment was purified．Expression vector pBIL-1 was digested with Kpn I，blunted with T4 DNA polymerase and digested again with Sac I．The large fragment was isolated．The short fragment of P1832 was ligated with the large fragment of pBIL-1 by T4 DNA、ligase and the reactant was transferred into E．coli．The recombinant plasmid was identified and transformed into sugarcane genotype“ROC”16 via particle bombardment．Sixteen kanamycin-resistant sugarcane seed lings were obtained and four seedlings were positive by PCR，of which three were proved to be transgenic plants by southern blot．

Study on genetic relationship among 4 kinds of abalone using RAPD technique

LI Zhong-Bao

2004, 12(4): 60-63.

Abstract(1243) PDF(1200)

Abstract:
RAPD technique is used tO study the genetic relationship among 4 kinds of aba~ne．The results show that total 538 DNA bands are scoped by 20 effective primers in 4 kinds of abalone，of which 136 DNA bands are reprod ucibly polymorphic，and the percentage of polymorphic products is 25．3％；the genetic distance and genetic identity between Haliotis discus discus and H ．discus hannai are 0．28，0．72 respectivdy，those between H ．diversicolor diversicolor and H ．diversicolor supertexta are 0．32，0．68 respectively．In the results of cluster analysis，H ．discus discus and H ．discus hannai are pooled into one group，they both are genetically closer；H．diversicolor diversicolor and H ．diversicolor SUpertexta are pooled into another group，they both also&re genetically closer．

Analysis on variation of main economic characters in crossing offspring of sugarcane

XU Li-Ping, QUE You-Xiong

2004, 12(4): 64-67.

Abstract(845) PDF(883)

Abstract:
One hundred and fifty seeding plants constructing the population for marker analysis on gene linked to sugarcane smut resistance were studied．The results show that the variation coefficients for six main economic characters of height．diameter，brix，stalk number，stalk weight and brix weight are from 9．92％ to 39．68％，in which the maximum variation coefficient is found in stalk weight of clump and the minimum is found in brix．Except that the correlation between diameter and stalk number is ignificant negative and the correlation coefficient between diameter and brix is very small，the other corelation coefficients between characters are positive and the values are bigger．A significant corelation between brix and stalk number is found in two generations．only in single-line generation，the sign ificant corelation between height and diameter is found．And So is that between height and stalk number．The value for each character is significant different in two generations，but the correlation between two generations for each character is significant．The selection strategy adopted in two generation is analyzed also．

Assay of biotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Microtox test

ZHANG Jin-Li, YUAN Jian-Jun, ZHENG Tian-Ling, XI Feng

2004, 12(4): 68-71.

Abstract(1702) PDF(1155)

Abstract:
The biotoxicity of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)was assayed by Microtox test．It has been found that some kinds of PA}k such as naphthalene．phenanthrene and fluoranthene have acute toxicity to the test microbes in the water solution produced using DMSO solvent and the toxicity is strengthened with the increasing concentration．The toxicity of phenanthrene is stronger than that of naphthalene at the same concentration．The inhibitory effect of luminosity in the solution of naphthalene is up to 100％ under its solubility and the EC₅₀ value of naphthalene is 4．32mg／L．The inhibitory effect of luminosity in the solution of phenanthrene and fluoranthene is only up to 50％ and 15％ at the concentration near its solubility，respectively．However，anthracene and pyrene have no effect on the microbes even at their highest concentration．It appears that the sensitivity of the detection of the toxicity of PAi ls by Microtox test is restricted to their low solubility，and the toxicity observed in the leachates of PAHS contamination is linked to the low molecular PAHs such as naphthalene and phenanthrene．

Effects of bleeding sap of sponge gourd on the respiration and storage qualities of post-harvest Pleurotus citrinopileatus

LIU Wei, ZHU Xiao-Ping, GAO Shu-Guo, YAN Li-Ying, CHANG Lian-Sheng

2004, 12(4): 72-74.

Abstract(937) PDF(974)

Abstract:
The effects of bleeding sap of sponge gourd as a fresh-keeping agent on Pleurotus citrinopileatus are studied．The results show that the bleeding sap of spo nge gourd used as a fresh-keeping agent can effectively weaken the respiratory metabolism and decomposition of Pleurotus citrinopileatus，obviously inhibit the pileus split，browning and loss of water．The fresh-keeping effect of ridged sponge gourd(RSG)bleeding sap is better than that of unridged sponge gourd(USG) bleeding sap．Of all the treatments，75％bleeding sap of ridged spo nge gourd has the best fresh-keeping effect．

Effects of 4PU-30 on the leaf senescene and ratooning buds germination during ripening stage of hybrid rice

CHEN Guo-Hui, YAN Jun, WANG Guang-Ming, YANG An-Gui

2004, 12(4): 75-77.

Abstract(1432) PDF(1177)

Abstract:
The effects of 4PU-30 on the leaf senescence and rato ning buds germination during the ripening stage of hybrid rice were studied．The results indicate that the rice leaves treated by 4PU-30 5 days after full heading can delay the degradation of the cholorophyll，increase the activities of superoxide dismutase and decrease the content of MDA and the rate of electrolyte leakage，postpone the leaf senescene efectively，improve the root vigour，promote sprouting and growing of ratoning buds and increase the buds survival rate．

Signal effects of ABA and phospholipase on the osmotica accumulated in roots of maize seedling under water stress

ZHENG Feng-Rong, GU Ling-Kun, LI De-Quan

2004, 12(4): 78-81.

Abstract(1365) PDF(970)

Abstract:
The study on the signal effects of ABA，neomycin sulfate(PLD／PLC inhibitor)，ancymidol(ABA inhibitor)on the osmotica accumulated in roots of maize seedling under water stress shows that ABA can promote the accumulation of proline，soluble sugars and Ca²⁺ ，but can not promote the accumulation of free amino acid and K⁺ ，and the PLD／PLC maybe promote the accumulation of proline，soluble sugars and free amino acid，but can not promote the accumulation of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ ．

Effects of different nutrient and water regimes on the morphology and activity of rice root system

YANG Chang-Ming, YANG Lin-Zhang, OUYANG Zhu

2004, 12(4): 82-85.

Abstract(1069) PDF(1101)

Abstract:
The effects of different nutrient and water treatments on the root morphology and activity of rice plant in pot experiment were studied．The results indicate that in alternate wetting and drying model(AWD)and controlled irrigation model(DRA)，the rot active absorption areas of rice plant by the combined applications of chemical fertilizers with organic manure are 19．3％ and 28．2％ respectively larger，and the rot activities (RA)are 23．7％ and 37．9％ respectively higher，as compared with the exclusively chemical fertilizers．W hile in the water regimes of continuous waterlogging (CWL)，the effectiveness of chemical fertilizers with organic manure on improvement of the rice rot morphology and activity is greatly weakened．The combined applications of chemica1 fertilizers with organic manure increase the root surfaca acid phosphatase activity(APA)significantly，especially in the controlled irrigation，the APA of chemical fertilizers with organic manure shows 44．7％ higher than that of the chemica1 fertilizers．

Interspecific competition and facilitation for nutrient in wheat and legumes intercrops

XIAO Yan-Bo, LI Long, ZHANG Fu-Suo

2004, 12(4): 86-89.

Abstract(1256) PDF(1105)

Abstract:
The interspecific nutrient competition and facilitation between wheat intercropped with faba bean and wheat intercropped with soybean are studied using the root partition technique．The results show that not only the wheat shoot biomass but also its nutrient acquisition are higher in roots mixed treatment than those of either solid barrier or 30um nylon mesh barrier．In wheat-soybean system，both the shoot biomass and nutrient acquisition of soybean decrease without barrier due to the root interaction between wheat and soybeans．However，in wheat-faba bean system，both the shoot biomass and nutrient acquisition of faba bean are not reduced significantly without barrier in spite of root interaction between wheat and faba bean．Therefore，the competition of wheat is stronger both in wheat-soybean and wheat-faba bean systems than those of faba bean and soybean．The interspecific competition exists in wheat-soybean and the interspecific facilitation exists in wheat-faba bean system．

Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics in water spinach after applying quinhydrone in soil

LI Rui-Hong, WANG Yu-Qi, YE Chen-Liang

2004, 12(4): 90-91.

Abstract(1249) PDF(1033)

Abstract:
Pot experiment of the effects of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics on water spinach after applying quinhydrone in soil was conducted．The results show that application of quinhydrone in soil can increase the content of chlorophyll in leaves，enhance the potential activity and primary conversion of light energy of PSⅡ in leaf，promote the biological yield．The proper amount of quinhydrone is 40 mg per kilogram soil.

Effects of application of lignin on the growth and yield of spring maize

CHEN Qian, MU Huan-Zhen, HUANG Yan-Chu, YANG Wen-Bo

2004, 12(4): 92-94.

Abstract(1206) PDF(873)

Abstract:
The effects of application of lignin on the growth and yield of spring maize are studied．The results show that the application of lignin can promote the absorption of N and P in maize，increase the efficiency of fertilizer，decrease the fertilizer pollution，improve the crop’S quality，and increase the maize yield．The increased yield rates of different treatments attain or exceed 20％．

The maize iron nutrition not obeying the reward descending rule

WANG Jing-An, LIANG Xiao-Hua, PENG Yong-Kang

2004, 12(4): 95-97.

Abstract(1217) PDF(969)

Abstract:
The effect of different iron levels on the maize seedlings iron nutrition was studied．The results indicate that within the Fe level of 0～0．10／umol/L，the fresh weight of shoots decreases with the increase of Fe concentration．not obeying the reward descending rule of mineral substance nutrition；in the range from 0．10 to 100umol／L of Fe concentration，the fresh weight of shoots increases with the increase of Fe level：the biomass of roots is least in the Fe coneentration of 0．01umol／L；in the Fe level of 0～lumol／L，with the increase of the Fe concentration，the Fe content of maize shoots decreases，the etiolation of leaves aggravates and chlorophyll content decreases，the Fe concentration making the etiolation of the leaves most severely is about lumol／L；in the Fe level of 1～lOOumol／L．the Fe content and chlorophyll content of the shoots increase with the increase of Fe concentration in nutrient solution．The changing trend of Fe content in the roots is similar to that in shoots，but the Fe concentration causing Fe content low in roots is lower than that in leaves．Furthermore，the effect of certain low Fe on the contents of soluble sugar，amino acid，NO₃^--N and total absorbed Fe is more severe than that of Fe deficiency．

Effects of mixed cropping of maize and peanut on the Fe nutrition of peanut in sterilized soil

FANG Zeng-Guo, ZUO Yuan-Mei, LI Long, ZHANG Fu-Suo

2004, 12(4): 98-101.

Abstract(1323) PDF(941)

Abstract:
Effects of mixed cropping of maize and peanut on the Fe nutrition of peanut plant and the available Fe content in the rhizophere of peanut were studied by pot experiment in sterilized soil．The results indicate that mixed cropping of maize and peanut can significantly improve the chlorophyll and active Fe contents in the young leaves of peanut，and the total Fe content of peanut shoots and the active Fe content in the rhizophere of peanut are also enhanced at the R₂ stage．Mixed cropping plays an important role in the improvement of the Fe nutrition of peanut．Soil sterilization can only improve the Fe nutrition of peanut at earlier growing stage．

Effects of P application on root-top characteristics and yield of wheat under water-limited condition

GUAN Jun-Feng, LI Guang-Min

2004, 12(4): 102-105.

Abstract(1143) PDF(868)

Abstract:
The effects of P application on root-top characteristics and yield of pot-cultivated wheat under water．1imited condition are studied．The results show that P application stimulates significantly the development of fringe，root and plant height of wheat，however，has less influence on the contents of water and chlorophyll in leaves．P applicarlon increases obviously the top dry weight and yield，especially the root dry weight of‘CV．Wenmai 6’，and fringe number of‘CV．Wenmai6’and ‘CV．Jimai 36’at water-1imited condition．

The correlation of dry biomass and activity of root system with grain yield in raton rice(Oryza sativa L)

ZHENG Jing-Sheng, LIN Wen, ZHUO Chuan-Ying, FANG Xuan-Jun, LIN Wen-Xiong

2004, 12(4): 106-109.

Abstract(1835) PDF(1684)

Abstract:
The correlations of the dry biomass and activity of root system with grain yield in raton rice in several varieties and different N application levels were studied．The results show that the grain yield of the first crop of raton rice shows significant correlation with dry matter weight(DMW )and activity of root system；the development of raton tillers depends on the remnant root system of the first crop；panicle numbers and grain yield of the second crop of raton rice show a high significant positive correlation with the activity of rot system at mature stage of the first crop and at full heading stage of the second crop，and show a parabola corelation with N applications of bud fertilizer．

Study on the relationship between soil nutrient and spring wheat yield and optimum fertilization

XUE Zheng-Ping, YANG Xing-Wei, DUAN Xiang-Suo, LU Xian, YUAN Zhi-Ming

2004, 12(4): 110-112.

Abstract(1896) PDF(988)

Abstract:
The relationship between soil nutrient and spring wheat yield and optimum fertilization are studied．The results show that the yield and soil nutrient have a close relationship，especially the nutrients of soil organic and Hydrolysis N，but the effects of available P and available K are not very significant．There is a lack of N in particular，P in partial and K is very rich in soil．These results are in a good fit with the yield-nutrient sensitivity．The optimum fertilization of N is cut down 10％ than norma1．P is cut down 15％．

Contents of nitrate and mineral elements and their relationships in leafy-vegetables

LI Bao-Zhen, WANG Zheng-Yin, LI Hui-He, ZHANG Hao

2004, 12(4): 113-116.

Abstract(1065) PDF(976)

Abstract:
The contents of nitrate，mineral nutrient elements and their rdationships are studied in twenty-three leafy-vege-tables in Chongqing．The results show that the content variations of nitrate and mineral elements are very great in the different vegetables and the different varieties；other vegetables especially celery are polluted by nitrate except asparagus lettuee ，west-romaine lettuce，pack-choi．The significant or very significant positive corrdation in N，P and K and other mineral nutrient dements．In fresh leafy-vegetables，the correlation is significantly or very significantly positive in NO^-₃and K，Na，Ca and Fe，and is negative in NO^-₃and P，S，Mn，Zn，B and Mo in the dry vegetables，moreover there is a significantly negative relationship between NO^-₃ and B and P．

The influence of triacontanol on the growth and development of Gelidium divaricatum Martens

ZHANG Li-Juan, WU Zhi-Ming

2004, 12(4): 117-118.

Abstract(1745) PDF(1185)

Abstract:
The bodies of Gelidium divaricatum Martens are immersed in different concentrations of triacontanol liquor．The results show that the suitable concentration of 1．00mg／L and immersing time of 2～4 hours can strikingly promote the growth and development of Gelidium divaricatum Martens．

Estimation on the loss amount of N in the paddy fields of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse RiVer—A case study from Baimu Town，Jingjiang City，Jiangsu Province

LIU Zhi-Wei, XU Zhi-Hong, XU Kai

2004, 12(4): 119-121.

Abstract(1501) PDF(1046)

Abstract:
The pollution status of applying N fertilizer in the typical paddy fields of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtse River tO the surface water is monitored．Combining the model，the depth of flowing path of precipitation in this area is obtained，and the dissolved N contamination amount is estimated for the paddy fields and the tota1 value is 36．04kg／hm²，it is 17．3％ of the N fertilizer amount used in the fields．

Research progress on N movement between soil and water interface in agro-ecosystem

XIE Hong-Mei, ZHU Bo

2004, 12(4): 122-125.

Abstract(1236) PDF(1035)

Abstract:
N movement between soil and water interface and its research method are reviewed in this paper under the conditions of out-world(such as irrigations and rains)in agro-ecosystem．The construction and defects of the non-point source pollution transfer model are given also ．

The effect of fertilizer with different anions on the physiological and chemical characteristics of solar greenhouse soil

LI Hai-Yun, WANG Xiu-Feng

2004, 12(4): 126-128.

Abstract(1460) PDF(948)

Abstract:
The effect of fertilizer with different anions on the physiological and chemical characteristics of solar greenhouse soll are studied．The results show that compared with CK．the fertilizer with N0^-₃、SO^2-₄and Cl can raise the Ec and decrease the pH value of soil．The higher the fertilization level is，the higher the degree of increase or decrease is．The influential sequence on soil is Cl^->S0^2-₄ >N0^-₃ ．Fertilizer with Cl^-iS beneficial to the accumulation of available N，P and K in soil．SO^2-₄ decreases the content of available N．Available Fe content increases with the enhancement of fertilization leve1．the kinds of anion and fertilization level have no effect on the content of available Mn in soil．

Adsorption and bound characteristics of soil minerals with Hg

YAO Ai-Jun, QING Chang-Le, MOU Shu-Sen

2004, 12(4): 129-131.

Abstract(1551) PDF(1281)

Abstract:
Adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics experiments indicate that the sequence of adsorption capacity as well as the adsorption strength of five types of soil minerals tO Hg is MnO₂>Fe₂O₃> bentonite>kaolinite>CaCO₃．The differences of speciation distribution characteristics of mineral bound Hg can reflect the stability and corresponding quantity of mineral bound Hg under different environmental conditions．Volatilization experiment verifies that the environmental aCtivity of mineral bound Hg is strongly influenced by its speciation distribution as well as the adsorption capacity and strength of minerals with Hg．The higher the proportions of water soluble and exchangeable Hg and acid soluble Hg are，the higher the environmental activity of the mineral bound Hg will be．The higher the proportions of alkali soluble and residual Hg are，the lower the environmental activity of the mineral bound Hg will be．

Influences of applying stalk compost on the nutrient of field soil and corn yield of black soil

WANG Yang, QI Xiao-Ning, WANG Qi-Cun

2004, 12(4): 132-134.

Abstract(1454) PDF(1213)

Abstract:
With the application of decomposer，the corn stalks can be decomposed quickly The utilization of this kind of compost mixed with N，P，K chemical fertilizers can increase the soil organic content by 0．4g／kg in the top soil per year，and the contents of total N，available N，P and K by 0．18g／kg，9．93mg／kg，1.8mg／kg，4mg/kg，respectively The bulk density of top soil decrease by 0.02g／cm³ ．and the corn yield increase by 15.7％．

Soil fertility characteristics of litchi orchard and integrated effects of specialized fertilizers

ZHANG Xin-Ming, LIU Ke-Xing, WANG Jian-Wu, CHEN Hou-Bin

2004, 12(4): 135-137.

Abstract(1047) PDF(967)

Abstract:
The soil fertility characteristics of litchi orchard and its integrated effects of specialized fertilizers were studied．The results show that the soll fertility indices between the soil within the tree circle(tree-circle soil)and that outside the tree circle(bare soil)are much different，the available P and K of the former are increased by 341．27％ and 683．77％ than those of the latter respectively．The medium fertilization treatment can improve the soil fertility indices within tree circles，balance the nutritional status of litchi leaves，and reach the best fruit-setting status．Some suggestions of changing the recipe of the specialized fertilizer for green-food litchi are put forward，that is，the ratios of P and K are appropriately decreased in the specialized fertilizer，especially in the fertilizers for promoting shots and flowers．

Index variations of structure and quality of black soil with a long-term located monitoring

WANG Tie-Yu, YAN Li, WANG Jing-Kuan, GUAN Lian-Zhu, ZHU Ping

2004, 12(4): 138-141.

Abstract(1618) PDF(1205)

Abstract:
The index variations of structure and quality of black soil with a long-terrrx located monitoring are analyzed．The results show that a long-terrll utilization of organic manure increases the microaggregate of the fraction，i．e．0．05～0．02mm，0．02～0．O02mm and the waterstable capability of soil aggregate(>0．25mm)．and may facilitate the microag-gregate tO form lots of stable clay-particles．The soil bulk density of single use of N disposal is the largest in all the fertilized treatments，the soil structure of CK is markedly degenerated and the soil aggregate waterstable is low ，while the soil aggregate waterstable capability of fallow is markedly higher compared with others，thus indicating that the organic materials play a determ inative role in the shape and conservation process of soil structure．

The production status of drought-resisting and water-saving wheat varieties and the breeding countermeasures in Hebei Province

WANG Yan-Mei, ZHANG Zheng-Bin, LIU Chang-Ming, ZHONG Ouan-Chang, XU Ping

2004, 12(4): 142-144.

Abstract(1317) PDF(1184)

Abstract:
Some excellent breeding materials，the agronomy characteristics of some drought-resisting and water-saving wheat cuhivars in Hebei Province in recent years，the index system of appraisal and selection，and the countermeasures for breeding drought-resisting and water-saving wheat cuhivars are introduced in this paper．

Research on maize higll-yielding culture mode with applying fertilizer in extractive quantity to control nonpoint-source pollution

YANG An-Gui, CHEN Guo-Hui, FENG LI, WU Wen-Bin, WEI Yun-Fei

2004, 12(4): 145-148.

Abstract(1504) PDF(1008)

Abstract:
Using the orthogonal quadratic regression design method，a cultivation technology mode to retain maize high yield with applying fertilizer in extractive quantity is found out，by which nonpoint-source pollution can be controlled．From the research result，a numeric rllode of the density of maize planting，quantity of applying N and quantity of applying P is built，and the applying technologies of fertilizer are defined including deep hole-application of P fertilizer and deep application of N fertilizer for the rapid growth of its ears．

Research on polluted channel of Pb and Cd in the field vegetables

LI Qi-Lin, LIU Guang-De, HUANG Yun, ZENG Xiang-Yan

2004, 12(4): 149-152.

Abstract(1299) PDF(1218)

Abstract:
The soi1 monitoring of the field vegetables shows that the whole contents and the effective contents of Pb and Cd in polluted area are lower than those in non-polluted region，but the contents of Pb and Cd in lettuce and green Chinese onion and shallot are obvious higher than those in non-polluted region．They have coherency about the whole contents and the effective contents of Pb and Cd in soils，and in the dry and fresh weight of vegetables，Pb and Cd have coherency，it shows that the Pb and Cd pollution have a synchronizing step．In the same place，the effective contents of Pb in soils and the contents of Pb in vegetables，the effective contents of Cd in soils and the contents of Cd in vegetables all have not coherency，showing that the Pb and Cd pollutions in vegetables has no relation with soils．The vegetables in non-polluted area haven’t exceed standard samples and the sample exceed standard rate in polluted are8 is 40％．and the vegetable breeds of exceed standard display the leafy-vegetable type such as lettuce，green Chinese onion，pigweed，celery and so on．So the main pollution channel of Pb and Cd in field vegetables comes from the atmosphere pollution．

Pollution evaluation of the heavy metal elements on the eco-environment of the Sanjiang Plain based on GIS

YU Lei, ZHANG Bai, ZHANG Shu-Qing

2004, 12(4): 153-155.

Abstract(1229) PDF(870)

Abstract:
The heavy metal elements pollution on the eco-environment of the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongj iang Province was evaluated based on GIS．The results show that the geochemistry environment of the Sanjiang Plain in Heilongjiang Province is good．There is no pollution in most parts of the region，The po llution distribution of Pb and Cr elements is wide Only Muling in the south，Luobei in the northwest，Jixian and Shuangyashan in the middle and Hulin in the east connecting with Raoiiang River show a slight pollution．The pollution index is no more than 1．2．and the po llution regions occupy3．5％ of the total area．AIl of these show that the geochemistry environmental quality of the Sanjiang Plain is good．

The physiological mechanism and security assessment of Clomazone

LI Lian-Fang, YANG Ren-Bin, GUO Zheng-Yuan, LI Guo-Xue

2004, 12(4): 156-159.

Abstract(1215) PDF(1121)

Abstract:
The basic characteristics and the application situation of clomazone are introduced．The selectivity mechanism，the weeding mechanism and the metabolism degradation mechanism are also illustrated ．The security of eco-environment are assessed after applying clomazone．Simultaneously，the application outlook and research emphasis of clomazone are prospected ．

Assessment of citrus eco-environmental quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

HUANG Yun, LI Qi-Lin, LI Dao-Gao, XIE Jin-Feng, WANG San-Gen

2004, 12(4): 160-162.

Abstract(1676) PDF(1058)

Abstract:
The asessment results of citrus eco-environmental quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region show that the citrus eco-environmental quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region in Chongqing accords with the standard of‘Environmental technical terms for green food production area’，the testing projects of the citrus fruits accord with the standard of NY／T 426-2000‘Green food citrus’and the quality of the citrus fruits accords with the first-class product．

Study on the inter-species competition of Sassafras tsumu community in the mid-subtropics and the population density adjustment

CHENG Yu, HONG Wei, wU Cheng-Zhen, FENG Lei, WANG Xin-Gong

2004, 12(4): 163-166.

Abstract(1171) PDF(1041)

Abstract:
The inter-species competition of Sassafras tsurnu community in the mid-subtropics is studied．The results show that in a steady state，the important percentages of ,Sassafras tsurnu and its main associated species-Betula luminifera and Castanopsis如rgesii are 80．64％，12．47％，and 6．89％，respectively．They share the environment resources in a good state，but the distribution is uneven．The density effective model is given by using the self-thinning model and adjusting the optimum adaption，the simulate result is good，reflecting the natural thinning of Sassafras tsurnu Hemsl population more accurately．

Study on species abundance distribution m odel of the race and endangered plant Tsuga longibracteata community

WU Cheng-Zhen, HONG Wei, YAN Shu-Jun, YAN Li-Rong, WU Ji-Lin

2004, 12(4): 167-169.

Abstract(1369) PDF(1074)

Abstract:
This paper poses the Weibull model of species abundance distribution to simulate the species abundance distribution of the rare and endangered plant Tsuga Iongibracteata forest．The results show that the species abundance distributions of arbor layer and shrub layer of Tsuga longibracteata forest all follow the Weibull distribution，and it is feasible to use the Weibull model to simulate the species abundance distribution of the rare and endangered plant Tsuga longibracteata forest．

Specie-individuals relationships of Castanopsis fargesii community in the middle subtropics

QIAN Lian-Wen, WU Cheng-Zhen, HONG Wei, SONG Ping, FAN Hai-Lan

2004, 12(4): 170-173.

Abstract(968) PDF(1020)

Abstract:
Species-individuals relationships of Castanopsis fargesii community are studied in the middle subtropics．The resu1ts show that there are strong positive rank correlations between any two of the three indices of the residual standard ermr(RSE)，average of absolute deviation(AAD)and average of absolute relative deviation(AARD)．No difference is shown in the assessments to the species-individuals relationship mode1．The best curve for arbor is y=1．8518x²-7．8486 +14．5．and the best curve for shrub layer is Y=12．484e^0.1572x；species abundance of both tree layer and shrub 1ayer obey Log normal distribution，which suggest that this Castanopsis fargesii community development is relatively well，and its stability and biod iversity are very high．

Studies on the structure and improving techniques of the masson pine community in Longdong River Valley

HUANG San-Xiang, LUO Ju-Chun, AI Xun-Ru

2004, 12(4): 174-176.

Abstract(1366) PDF(854)

Abstract:
The structure of the mass pine community in Longdong River Valley is studied．The results show thai the structure of the mass pine community is simple，the biodiversity is low ，diseases are serious，and the productivity is not high．Based on the facts，the improving principles，measures，and model of the masson pine community are put forward.

Effect of climate resource on the grass resuming in east of Qilian Mountains

MA Xing-Xiang, XUE Sheng-Liang, ZHANG Jie, LI Yan-Ying

2004, 12(4): 177-180.

Abstract(1668) PDF(964)

Abstract:
The factors of climate resource affecting the growth and development of wood and grass are studied in the east of Oilian Mountains．The precipitation is the main factor affecting the growth and development of gras from the last ten days of May to the first ten days of July，while the precipitation and heat are the main factors in the wood growing season．According to the climate resource distribution feature，the suggestions about returning crop field to wood and grass land and its distributions are put forward．

Effects of grazing systems on the growth of Stipa breviflora community

ZHU Gui-Lin, SHAN Lun, WEI Zhi-Jun, HAN Guo-Dong

2004, 12(4): 181-183.

Abstract(1138) PDF(1045)

Abstract:
It is demonstrated that the grazing systems have an effect on the growth of Stipa breviflora community．The grazing systems have a great effect on plant growth rate，and the plants grow more rapidly under a rotational grazing and forbidden grazing area than that under a continuous grazing area ．while they have no significant effects to the number of tillers under an individual plant．Plant population density is relatively steady．Plant carbohydrate content is higher under a rotational grazing area than that under a continuous grazing and forbidden grazing area in general，and the plant growth potential is the best on rotationa1 grazing area．

Study on an evaluation model of matter-element of the eco-quality of rural landscape

XIE Hua-Lin, LI Lei, LIU Li-Ming

2004, 12(4): 184-187.

Abstract(1577) PDF(907)

Abstract:
A set of landscape eco-quality indicators was selected,an evaluation model of matter-element was constructed which was applied to seven towns in Beijing Haidian District and rational results were got．

Study on the comprehensive evaluation index system of agro-eco-tourism destination

WEI Min, FENG Yong-Jun, LI Fen, WANG Xiao-Ling

2004, 12(4): 188-191.

Abstract(1563) PDF(1264)

Abstract:
The evaluation principles and methods of agro-eco-tourism destination are put forward and a comprehensive evaluation index system，including tourist resources，agriculture and environments，social and economic factors，is constructed also．Using it，the Taishan agro-eco-tourism development area is evaluated．

Eeo-fishery model in soda saline-alkaline land of northeast China

YANG Fu-Yi, LI Xiu-Jun, WANG Zhi-Chun, ZHA0 Chun-Sheng

2004, 12(4): 192-194.

Abstract(1171) PDF(1054)

Abstract:
The exDeriments show that eco-fishery pattern of fish-rice-reed-cattail in soda saline-alkaline land of northeast China has a significant benefit．The average yields of rice grain，reed and cattail are 6024．2kg／hm²，8336．2kg／hm²and 7387．6kg／hm²，respectively，and the average fish yields are 912．1kg／hm² ，3537kg/hm²and 2766kg／hm² in paddy fields，reed ponds and cattail ponds，respectively．The average net income is 5667．1 yuan(RMB)／hm² and the ratio ofoutput and input is 2．074 in the experimc ntal area．19000m ³／hm² of water and 290kg／hm² of chemical fertilizer can be sayeel，respec-tively，and the total amount of the salinity of 507kg／hm² has been cut down at a growth period．

Constructive planning of Suining National Eeo-demonstration Area in Hunan Province

GE Da-Bing, ZOU Dong-Sheng, WU Xiao-Ling, CHEN Jin-Xiang, QIN Pu-Feng

2004, 12(4): 195-197.

Abstract(1275) PDF(875)

Abstract:
The guiding ideas and development objectives for constructive planning of Suining National Eco-demonstration Area in Hunan Province，the main constructive domains including eco-forestry，eco-agriculture，eco-industry，eco-town and eco-environment，and the key technologies and the strategic counterrneasures for the eco-demonstration area are expounded in this paper．

Prelim inary opinions on ecological benefits of eeo-environment cons truction of soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau

KANG Ling-Ling, WANG Yun, WAN GYun-Zhang, WEI Yi-Chang

2004, 12(4): 198-200.

Abstract(1371) PDF(1108)

Abstract:
The ecological benefits by applying World Bank’s Loan Project of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau were analyzed．The results show that the soil physical and chemical properties are improved，the soil fertility and the local grass and forest coverage are increased，at the same time，the local climate is improved，the natural disasters are decreased and the recovery and protection of biodiversities are promoted．

Economic evaluation on household-scaled “pig-biogas-fruit”ecological mode

ZHOU Yu, XIE Zhen-Hua, LIU Ying-Ling

2004, 12(4): 201-203.

Abstract(1022) PDF(1051)

Abstract:
The economic evaluations on the household-scaled“pig-biogas-fruit”operating mode and the umbilicus orange planting in Ganzhou City，Jiangxi Province reveal that the present financial net value from the investment for the operation mode of the household-scaled“pig-biogas-fruit”is RMB 28704 yuan，the rate of return is 38．8％，the dynamic investment recovering period is 6．99 years；and the net profit the umbilicus orange planting is RMB 24998 yuan with the rate of return of 34．77％ and the dynamic investment recovering period of 7．54 years．The“pig-biogas-fruit”operation mode achieves the better economic efficiency and stronger capability of risk-resistance．

A preliminary study on the project resettlement and sustainable development of relocation in Dongting Lake Area—A case study from Anxiang，Hanshou and Yueyang County，Hunan Province

XIONG Ying, WANG Ke-Lin, LI-Hui, GUO Xian

2004, 12(4): 204-206.

Abstract(1357) PDF(1015)

Abstract:
The relationship between the 1ocal economic development and the relocation amount of resettlement，the interaction of project resettlement and the sustainable development of relocation region are explored．And the counterm easures of relocation project of resettlement are put forward．

Development and application of combined multivalent egg-yolk antibodies in passive protection of piget diarrhea caused by enterotoxicgenic E．Coli

YANG Bai-Liang, ZHANG Yong-Fei, WU Jie-Mei

2004, 12(4): 207-209.

Abstract(1383) PDF(991)

Abstract:
A mixture of cultures of K88-，K99-，987P-and F₄₁-piliate enterotoxigenic E．coli was used to immunize hens to produce eggs containing antibod ies against enterotoxigenic E．coli，from which the antibodies were extracted and purified．The purified antibodies were mixed with the Chinese traditional medicine and protectives proportionally to make up the combined multivalent chicken egg-yolk antibodies ，and then produce the powder by spray drying process．In the treatment trial of infected piglets，the cure rate using the combined multivalent chicken egg-yolk antibody dry powder is higher than that of Gentamycin．In the prevention trial，the oral administration of the combined multivalent chicken egg-yolk antibodies has an higher prevention effect significantly than that of vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli．It is concluded that the combined multivalent chicken egg-yolk antibody powder is a new．safe and effective preparation in preven．tion and treatment of piglet diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E．coli．

2004 Vol. 12, No. 4