中国生态农业学报(中英文)

The major progress of agroecology research on the application direction

LUO Shi-Ming

2005, 13(1): 1-6.

Abstract(1464) PDF(1430)

Abstract:
The major research progress in the application direction of agroecology in the first 3 years of the 21st century is summarized, including the utilization of agricultural biodiversity; the application of chemistry and ecology in agricultural production; the exploitation and utilization of traditional and new plant nutrition; the model construction of agroecosystem and field ecosystem; the ecological impact of water saving technique, covering technique and no-tillage technique; and profound research on alternative agriculture, such as ecoagriculture, organic agriculture. Future research focuses of agroecology are also proposed.

Development of green economy understood from the viewpoint of system theory

ZHANG Chun-Xia, SU Shi-Peng

2005, 13(1): 7-9.

Abstract(870) PDF(1310)

Abstract:
The systemic requirement, hiberarchy characteristics and gradual evolution from simple to complex are stated systematically, and the influences of element, structure and environment on the systemic function and evolution of green economy are analyzed also. Finally, it is reported that the substance of the development of green economy is to realize the sustainable development of the compound system of society, economy and ecology and gain the maximal total profits of society, economy and ecology.

The sustainab~ development evaluation of typical m-ban eco-agriculture--A case study from the Agricultural Science an d

LI Jun-Zhuang, LIU De-Hui, XU Xue-Gao, LI Bai-Jian

2005, 13(1): 10-13.

Abstract(823) PDF(1063)

Abstract:
The sustainable development evaluation of eog-agriculture in the Agricultural Science and Technology Garden of Fujiabian Village in Nanjing City show that the comprehensive evaluating indexes of tea plants，fruit—trees and green plum in the garden are 3。481，3．240 and 3．227 respectively while the comprehensive evaluating indexes of traditional cultivated crops such as wheat and rice are 1．491 and 2。165 respectively．It is indicated that the cultivated structure in farmfield ecosystem should be adjusted to the directions of being high efficiency and harmony，making the most of local comparative advantage．decreasing the tota1 entropy and keeping the ordina1 structure in the system．

Study on diagnosis method for agro-eco-economic system—A case study fromDaye City, Hubei Province

TAO Zhan, GAO Huai-You, ZHOU Qi-Wen, JIANG Da-Bing, GUO Sheng-Gui

2005, 13(1): 14-18.

Abstract(968) PDF(1257)

Abstract:
Through using the principles of Eco-system Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) and the Patient-Template Analysis (PTA) as reference, a diagnosis method of agro-eco-economic system is studied. By using it, the health status, existing question and development potential of agro-eco-economic system in Daye City, Hubei Province are diagnosed quantitatively.

Theory and method of the establishment of organic agricultural production bases

XI Yun-Guan, QIN Pei

2005, 13(1): 19-22.

Abstract(1135) PDF(1626)

Abstract:
In this paper,the theories,principles and the procedures of the establishment of organic agricultural production bases are stated.And the theories include the ecosystem health,ecological pest management and eco-ethics,the principles include the combinations of standardization together with scientific technologies,of production organization together with market exploitation,and the combination of economy benefit,environment benefit and society benefit together.And also the method of the base construction is expounded.

Circular economy in eco-agriculture construction

WANG Huai-Jian, ZHOU Yue-Long, HUANG Jin-Yong, WEI Xue-Jiao

2005, 13(1): 23-25.

Abstract(930) PDF(1357)

Abstract:
This paper expatiates the connotation and feature of the circular economy,analyses the model of agricultural eco-engineering which propels the development of agricultural circular economy,and establishes some measurements which are related to developing circular economy and constructing eco-agriculture.

Study on numerical classification and possible productivity of ecological zones in Three-river watershed and upper stream of Min River

MA Ming-Dong, LIU Yue-Jian

2005, 13(1): 26-31.

Abstract(718) PDF(807)

Abstract:
73 Counties in Three-river watershed and upper stream of Min River are classified into 5 ecological zones by adopting numerical classification approach of ecological zone,and the possible tree species for each zone are suggested according the similarity and differences of water and heat conditions among zones.The TsPt and TsPn calculated from Miami Model reflect the differentiation of possible productivities of forest stand in study area,and reveal the conditions of water and head balance in each zone by using their ratio.

Several problems between biodiversity and dynamics of population quantity

ZHANG Bu-Chong, LI Feng-Min

2005, 13(1): 32-34.

Abstract(1034) PDF(1474)

Abstract:
Several problems between biodiversity and dynamics of population quantity are stated.The ecological mechanisms between plant diversity and quantity dynamics of pest population mainly are natural enemies hypothesis and resources centralization hypothesis while in studies of metapopulation theory,mathematical models play leading roles.This theory makes much sense in studies of both landscape ecology and protective biology.Disturbance also plays a primary role during the course of forming an ecosystem through producing temporal and spatial incrustation under different and continuous states ,and medium degree of disturbance can preserve a high diversity.Genetic diversity researches have experienced four stages of morphological level,chromosome level,physiological and biochemical level,and molecular level.The four methods both have their advantages and disadvantages and can not be replaced by each other.Biodiversity within different ranges can be increased by protection of biodiversity,and can increase the stability of the population and function of ecosystem.

A study on the species diversity in Castanopsis eyrei community in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province

HU Zheng-Hua, YU Ming-Jian, YU Zhi-Liang, QIAN Hai-Yuan

2005, 13(1): 35-37.

Abstract(735) PDF(982)

Abstract:
The floristic composition and the species diversity of the Castanopsis eyrei community in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve of Zhejiang Province were analyzed.The results show that there are 133 species (including varieties)of 86 genera and 49 families in total,including 6 species of 5 genera and 4 families in Peridophyte,2 species of 2 genera and 2 families in Gymnospermae and 125 species of 79 genera and 43 families in Angiospermae.The floristic elements are complex,and the total rate of tropical distribution is very high.The community has a high diversity of family,genus and species,has a great variety of plants whose composition is complex.In the vertical structure of community,the species diversity decreases from shrub,tree to herb layer.The species richness and species diversity index of the tree layer and shrub layer are obviously bigger than those of the herb layer.

Studies on the relationship between gaps and species diversity of mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

YAN Shu-Jun, HONG Wei, WU Cheng-Zhen, BI Xiao-Li, FAN Hai-Lan

2005, 13(1): 38-41.

Abstract(1369) PDF(1178)

Abstract:
The species diversity of mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wanmulin Natural Reserve Zone was measured and the relationship between species diversity and gap size was studied.The results show that the species diversity with gaps of forest is higher than that without gaps of forest.The arbor species diversity changes with gap size,revealing a bimodal;the species diversity peaks at the gap sizes of 200～300m².The shrub species diversity changes with the gap size too,revealing a unimodel; the species diversity peaks at the gap sizes of 400～500m².

Effects of human disturbance on the tree species diversity in community forest of Gaoligong Mountains

YIN Li-Wei, GUO Hui-Jun, SHENG Cai-Yu, DAO Zhi-Ling, LI Rong

2005, 13(1): 42-44.

Abstract(1046) PDF(999)

Abstract:
The effects of human disturbance on the tree species diversity in community forests of Gaoligong Mountains show that the human disturbances cause negative impacts on the community forest,i.e.decreasing the tree species diversity and timber volume,as well as destroying the forest community structure.The forest community structure changes by selectively cutting,and some species population are declined and threatened ultimately.Finally,some countermeasures of reducing human disturbance are put forward.

Analysis on the landscape pattern of the vegetation in Baiyunshan Scenic Spot,Guangzhou

WANG Yong-Hua, SU Zhi-Yao, CHEN Bei-Guang

2005, 13(1): 45-48.

Abstract(1785) PDF(1382)

Abstract:
The landscape pattern of the vegetation in Baiyunshan Scenic Spot,Guangzhou was studied.The results show that the vegetational landscape dominates in the landscape of Baiyunshan absolutely,the total areas and total perimeters of the vegetational landscape patches are 77.58 percent and 77.60 percent of the whole landscape of Baiyunshan,respectively.And the differences of every patch areas and perimeters are very big.The evergreen broadleaved forest is characterizedby the largest patch number and the largest total patch area(12.720km²).The vegetational landscape in the area is a type of grain landscape now,the fragmentation is small,the grain structure shows that the small patches are more and large ones less in number,but the shapes of patches are regular in the area,and the differences of patches in the same types are very small.The evergreen broadleaved forest type is the smallest fragmentation,while the sparsity forest,grassland,and fruit types are the bigger fragmentations.

Changes on vegetation landscape pattern in the typical district of Yiluo River Valley—A case study from Luoning County,Henan Province

QIAN Le-Xiang, LI Shuang, ZHANG Xiao-Wei

2005, 13(1): 49-52.

Abstract(1193) PDF(1062)

Abstract:
The changes on vegetation landscape pattern in the typical region of Yiluo River Valley show that the forest- covered area in the typical region has increased,but the landscape fragmentation turns serious,the patch numbers increase fiercely,the average area of patches decreases and the shape of various patches becomes simple increasingly,the regional distribution of patch trends to uniformity,and the distribution of patch trends to concentration.

Study on the dynamics of matter and energy during the decomposition of Ficus microcarpa leaves

DING Yin-Long, XIANG Ping, TAN Zhong-Qi, LIN Yi-Ming

2005, 13(1): 53-56.

Abstract(1091) PDF(1057)

Abstract:
The dynamics of matter and energy during the decomposition of Ficus microcarpa leaves are discussed in this paper.The results show that the dry matter of leaves declines during the decomposition of leaf,the theoretical value half-time of leaf decomposition is 101d,it is similar to the tested value；in the first 5 months,the C content changes little,then declines；N concentration increases and the ratio of C[KG-1.5mm]/[KG0.5mm]N decreases；the tannin content rapidly decreases at the beginning of decomposition and then keeps stable in the later stage；the soluble sugar content decreases and the crude protein content increases during the decomposition；somewhat the gross caloric value decreases at the beginning of decomposition and then increases at the third and 4th month,and then decreases；theash free caloric value increases with increasing degree of decomposition and then decreases.

Effects of shading on the respiration metabolism of cherry buds in dormant period

LI-Xia, LI XianLi, GAO Dong-Sheng, YANG Xiu-Ping

2005, 13(1): 57-59.

Abstract(835) PDF(848)

Abstract:
The effects of shading on the respiration metabolism of flower buds and leaf buds of cherry in dormant period were studied. The results show that in early dormant period the respiratory intensities of cherry flowered buds and leaf buds are relatively infirm and reduce slowly and the slowdown of leaf buds is lower than that of flower buds. At the lower temperature the respiratory intensities rapidly decline and after that they change little. In the late dormant period the respiratory intensities slowly rise.Under the nature condition three respiratory pathways show different changes: EMP reduces and TCA always fluctuates at about 48 percent,but PPP markedly rises. This shows that PPP may be the main reason of dormant relieve,this is in accord with the tudy of seed. Effects of shading on the respiratory intensities of flower buds and leaf buds are consistent:before October 24,they rapidly reduce and then change little.Flower buds reduce more rapidly than leaf buds and different shadings affect it bigger than the latter.Effects of shading on the respiratory pathways of flower buds are similar to those of leaf buds,the shading makes EMP reduce but TCA and PPP rise. The slowdown of EMP and the increase-range of PPP of two-layer shading are bigger than those of one-layer shading. The shading makes the PPP ontinuously enhanced, indicating that shading through PPP may promote the release of bud dormancy.

Effect of low-temperature on the forming ratio of callus of wheat green embryo

SUN Chun-Qi, YU Shu-Chi, QI Zhi-Guang

2005, 13(1): 60-61.

Abstract(738) PDF(800)

Abstract:
The results show that the pretreatment in low-temperature for 6h can increase the callus formation ratio apparently,being 1.43 times higher than that of the control;the callus forming ratio is decreased along with the prolongation of the low-temperature time,but the callus forming ratio increases after 18h low-temperature treatment.The pretreatment of low-temperature for 30h can also increase the callus forming ratio by 1.41 times.

Genetic study on the resistant BYDV and fertility of winter wheat

ZHANG Ding-Yi, CAO Ya-Ping, ZHANG Ming-Yi, NING Dong-Xian, FAN Shao-Qiang

2005, 13(1): 62-65.

Abstract(815) PDF(1030)

Abstract:
Using 3×4 incomplete diallel,the 3 mothers with resistant BYDV material and the 4 fathers with fertility varieties,the genetic characters of the disease-resistance and the fertility were analyzed.The results show that the heredity of disease-resistance and fertility are of additive-dominant genetic models,being predominant in additive effects;disease-resistance and fertility have a negative correlation, so the materials with tolerance to disease and high yield should be selected.The disease-resistance mother should have higher GCA and lower SCA variance,the father with fertility should have higher SCA variance.

Studies on the polyamines and indole acetic acid metabolism under the stress of sweet potato scab

AI Yu-Fang, PAN Ting-Guo, KE Yu-Qin, RUAN Miao-Hong, YU Wen-Ying

2005, 13(1): 66-68.

Abstract(956) PDF(1049)

Abstract:
The changes of polyamines and the indole acetic acid metabolism of sweet potato cultivars with different resistance to sweet potato scab before and afterinoculation were studied.The results show that the indole acetic acid content and the polyamine oxidase activity decrease,the total content of polyamines and putrescine increase,the ratio of putre-scine/ (spermidine+spermine)increases in the leaves of both resistant and susceptible sweet potato after infected with scab fungus.But the change range of diseased sweet potato is more extensive than that of anti-diseased one.The chlorogenic acid content decreases,the indole acetic acid oxidase and peroxidase activity increase in the leaves of susceptible sweet potato after infected with scab fungus,and the change of resistant sweet potato is contrary.

Effects of cultivars,plant population density,pod position on the seed vigor

XIE Te-Li, Dennis M.Tekrony

2005, 13(1): 69-72.

Abstract(876) PDF(978)

Abstract:
The effects of cultivars,plant population density,pod position on the seed vigor were studied.The results show significant differences of the tested seed size,standard germination,AA test,conductivity among cultivars.Standard germination and AA values of IA3013 are higher than those of FG1,while their conductivities are inverse and there is difference of tested items between their densities.Seed size of bottom pod is heavier than those of middle and top.Standard germination and AA test values are higher than those of top,the conductivity is lower than that of top.Interactions between PPD and pod position,cultivars and pod position are null.

Study on nutrient regulation to leaf structure and function after wheat blossom

GUO Jin-Yao, YANG Xiao-Ling

2005, 13(1): 73-74.

Abstract(861) PDF(941)

Abstract:
Effects of HLW (Huoliwang),a new compound nutriments playing a role of adjustment and control, on the leaf structure and function after wheat blossom show that HLW sprinkled on leaves during boot stage of wheat can improve effectively the leaves' structure and function. The area of flag leaf is expanded by 3.2％, however, the areas of the second and third leaves are reduced by 1.8％～7.1％；chlorophyll content of flag leaf increases by 19.17％,the protein content increases by 51.7％and photosynthetic rate increases by 75.79％.In a word,the techniques improve the metabolism vitality and retard the progress of leaf senescence.

Yield formation characters of a hybrid rice variety under SRI cultivation and its ecological factors

YUAN Qian-Hua, CAO Bing, LU Xing-Gui, YAO Ke-Min

2005, 13(1): 75-78.

Abstract(1087) PDF(945)

Abstract:
Yield formation characters of a hybrid rice variety under SRI (System of Rice Intensification) cultivation mode and its ecological factors show that in Nanjing the early sowing rice can not fully take advantage of more-tillers of SRI into full play due to the lower temperature;although the late sowing rice can meet the demand of temperature at tillering stage, heat in the late growth period is not sufficient,thus lowering the rate of seed set and 1000-grain weight.Analysis on the adaptability of SRI through meteorological data of Madagascar and the southern rice growing region of China suggests that the SRI cultivation method may be suitable for the coastal rice growing regions of Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi provinces region and the lower altitude regions of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

Study on the effect of continuus cropping on the growth of eggplant seedlings

WANG Fang, WANG Jing-Guo

2005, 13(1): 79-81.

Abstract(858) PDF(770)

Abstract:
The effects of continuous cropping on the growth of eggplant and its mechanism were studied with pot experiment. The results show that during the growth period of 45 days, under the condition of continuous cropping, the planbt height, leaf area, main and total root lengths of the eggplants are obviously lower that those under the condition of mono-cropping causing the shoot and root fresh weight of eggplants to decreas by 33.2% and 30.2%, respectively, and the endangerment of Meloidogyne becomes more sever with the growth of eggplant seedlings. Although Meloidogyne are eliminated by autoclaving continuous mono-cropping soil, eggplant seedlings growth can not be improved compared to mono-cropping ones growing in sterilizing soil, and the germination of eggplant seeds under continuus mono-cropping is lower by 15% than that under mono-cropping in 7 days after planting, which suggests that the obstacles of continuous cropping maybe result from Meloidogyne and allelopathy. It si further verified that the more the adding root extudates is, the more their inhibition on the growth of eggplant radicles and plumules is, idicating that allelopathy is one of the important genes in th eobstacles of eggplant continuous cropping.

Practice and theoretic analysis of supplementing illumination in the solar greenhouse with reflecting film

CUI Qing-Fa, CA0 Chun-Hui, HU Xiao-Jin, YI Li-Xia, WANG Jing

2005, 13(1): 82-84.

Abstract(1025) PDF(899)

Abstract:
For supplementing illumination，the reflecting film is covered on the back wall of greenhouse．There．suits show that the maximum illumination on the measuring point does not increase，but the plane illumination on the measuring pointincreases by 15.48％．Air temperature，earth temperature，wall temperature and the temperature of wall covered by re-fleeting film in the greenhouse are respectively 1.1℃ ，1.5℃ ，0.9℃ and 1.8℃ lower than those of the control greenhouseat 7 a．m．，air temperature，earth temperature and wall temperature in the greenhouse are respectively 1.6℃ ，1.4℃ and0．3℃ higher than those of the control greenhouse，the temperature of wall covered by reflecting film is 11．4℃ lower than that of the control greenhouse at 12 a．m．The output of the greenhouse increases by 7.4％，the benefit increases 2．1 yuan／during the experimental period．

Study on the integrated early mature and frost。avoiding cultivation techniques of cotton in Shanxi Province

LI Yong-Shah, DONG Zhe-Sheng, ZHANG Jian-Cheng, SUN Zhong-Fu

2005, 13(1): 85-87.

Abstract(988) PDF(1052)

Abstract:
The integrated premature and frost-avoiding cultivation techniques of cotton were studied．The results show that by spraying zhuangzaofeng in cotton growing stage，the boll numhers per plant and bo ll weight increase，the boll open-ing period is 2～ 4 days early，the lint yield increases by 12.23％ compared with the control，and the cotton fiber characters have not been affected obviously．The system of integrated early mature cultivation techniques(SIPCT)including spraying zhuangzaofeng，increasing the plant densities ，optium sowing date，mulching with plastic film，selecting earlier varieties，ra．tional fertilizer application and water irrigation，complex preventing from pest and diseases ，spraying ethrel for late mature tO avoid frost damage is put forward，the lint yield increases by 14.34％～24.58％ compared with the contro1．

Integrative evaluation with multiple goals on the resistance to the rice blast among diferent combinations of hybrid riceunder ecological condition

jI Ren-Huan, LING Yuan-Sheng, JIANG Fang, WEI Liu-Yi, DONG Zhi-De

2005, 13(1): 88-90.

Abstract(1147) PDF(1120)

Abstract:
The resismnce tO the rice blast among different combinations of hybrid rice under ecological condition is evalu-ated integratively by the method of a multiple goals and decision．The results of the evaluation are suitable tO the facts．Compared tO other method s of evaluation，this method iS simple for calculation and its distinction rate is high．

The prevention and control effects of the growth-promotion antagonistic bacterium“98-I”on 4 Fusarium wilts

MA Li-Ping, QIAO Xiong-Wu, GAO Fen, HAO Bian-Qing

2005, 13(1): 91-94.

Abstract(1040) PDF(936)

Abstract:
A growth-promoting antagonistic bacteria strain “98-I”against Fusarium wilt，selected from 330 strains and identified as Bacillus cereus．can effectively inhibit the soil-born Fusarium pathogens．It presents a notable efficiency in controlling 4 Fusarium wilt diseases including cucumber Fusarium wilt(Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．cucumerinum)，wa-termelon Fusarium wilt(F．O．f．sp．ni'oeum)，paprica Fusarium wilt(F．O．f．sp．Vasinfectum )，and tomato Fusarium wilt(F．0.f．sp．1ycopersici)with the corresponding spore germination inhibition rate of 79.2％，75.1％，72.3％ and 95.7％ by petri disk test．The bacterium can also promote the vegetable growth and seeds germ ination．

Biological effect of endophyfic bacteria in Fortunate Bamboo

YUAN Hong-Xu, ZHOU Li-Lai, ZHOU Jin-Lan, ZHENGXiang-Hua, XU Liang Zhu

2005, 13(1): 95-97.

Abstract(701) PDF(763)

Abstract:
The experiments show that there are man y endophytic bacteria with diferent biological effects in Fortunate Bamboo．64 strains of endophytic bacteria are isolated from the symptom free leaves and stems of 4 varieties of Fortunate Bamboo．There are 22 strains having pathogenicity when tested by the methods of tobacco-senstive-reaction and half-leave-inoculation．Being tested in plate，16 strains have anti-fungal efect on one plant pathogen fungi(PPF)，5 strains have anti-fungal effeCt on 2 PPF and 4 strains have anti-fungal efect on 3 PPF．The total number of anti-fungal strains is 25．16 strains can stimulate the growth of rice or green bean．Mixed stimulating-growth strains also can stimulate Fortunate Bamboo tO produce roots．

Biological effect of endophyfic bacteria in Fortunate Bamboo

YUAN Hong-Xu, ZHOU Li-Lai, ZHOU Jin-Lan, ZHENGXiang"Hua, XU Liang Zhu

2005, 13(1): 95-97.

Abstract(926) PDF(1020)

Abstract:
The experiments show that there are man y endophytic bacteria with diferent biological effects in Fortunate Bamboo．64 strains of endophytic bacteria are isolated from the symptom free leaves and stems of 4 varieties of FortunateBamboo．There are 22 strains having pathogenicity when tested by the methods of tobacco-senstive-reaction and half-leave-inoculation．Being tested in plate，16 strains have anti-fungal efect on one plant pathogen fungi(PPF)，5 strains have anti-fungal effeCt on 2 PPF and 4 strains have anti-fungal efect on 3 PPF．The total number of anti-fungal strains is 25．16 strains can stimulate the growth of rice or green bean．Mixed stimulating-growth strains also can stimulate Fortunate Bamboo tO produce roots．

Effects of water conditions on the main chemical components of flue。cured tobacco

YAN He-Hong

2005, 13(1): 101-103.

Abstract(809) PDF(792)

Abstract:
Effects of water conditions on the main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco variety “G80’’under potculturing were studied．The results show that the total sugar，K and nicotine contents of the middle and superior leaves decreaSe and the total N and protein contents increase．reaching very significant levels by flooding treatments．The two changing tendencies increase with the increase of the treatment levels．The total sugar，nicotine and total N contents of the middle and superior leaves rise，K and protein contents decline very significantly，but there are no significant differences in the main chemical components of the middle leaves between root extension period and mature period by drying treat-merits．

Optimum matching between soil infiltration body and crop root system under trickle irrigation

ZHANG Miao-Xian

2005, 13(1): 104-107.

Abstract(746) PDF(1242)

Abstract:
The optimum matching between soil infiltration body and crop root system under trickle irrigation shows that the soil infiltration body is the intermediate effect region between trickle irrigation system and crop ro t system and the reasonable matching between soil infiltration bo dy and crop root system is one of the keys tO raising trickle irrigation sys-tern efficiency．

Impacts of co² enrichment and soil drought Oil the S accumulation an d distribution of plants

GU0 Jian-Ping, GAO Su-Hu

2005, 13(1): 108-110.

Abstract(1078) PDF(1032)

Abstract:
The impacts of a enrichment and soil drought on the S accumulation and distribution of plants were studied．The results show that a enrichment and soil drought can increase the S contents for different parts of winter wheat，anddecrease the S content of soybean grains．Although，soil drought increases the S content of winter wheat grains，the reduc-tion scale of yield is bigger than the increasing scale of grain S content．The impact of soil drought on the S content of soy-bean grains is more serious than that on winter wheat．Soil drought not only decreases the grain S content，but also de-creases the grain yield of soybean．The impacts of co²

N biogeochemical cycle and its impacts on environments in an agro-forest ecosystem

PENG Kui, OUYANG Hua, ZHU Bo

2005, 13(1): 111-115.

Abstract(933) PDF(1093)

Abstract:
The N balance and its pollution characteristics on environments in a typical agro-forestry ecosystem in the up-per reaches of the Yangtze River were studied．The results show that in ecosystem，there is relatively high N surplus in croplands，almost N balan ce in paddies and high N deficit in forest．N balance apprmsals show the N balance rate of crop-lands is reasonable but that of paddies shows a little hi ghcr．However，N balance of the whole arable lands has changed greatly from heavy deficit of 1960s tO reasonable balance of nowadays ．Forest and cultivations play the impo rtant roles in the N balance changes of ecosystem ．But the great increases chemical N fertilizer usages lead to the increasing of the gas N emissions and N non-po int source pollutions risk of water bodies．

Influence of soil qualiti On the photosynthesis，physiological and ecological functions of vegetabl

SUN Hua

2005, 13(1): 116-118.

Abstract(921) PDF(871)

Abstract:
Soil quality is the comprehensive expression of soil fertility quality，environment quality，and healthy quality．The recent progress on the influence mechanism of soil nutfien and water，soil salinity and microelements on the photo-synthesis，physiological and ecological functions of vegetable is stated in this paper．

Simulation on the mathematical model of balanced fertilization in Pak。chio vegetable crop

KE Qing-Ming, LIN Wen-Xiong, HUANG Zhen-Fa, FANGJia-Long, HUANG Mei-Qing

2005, 13(1): 119-118.

Abstract(1033) PDF(1038)

Abstract:
The mathematical model of balanced fertilization in Pak-chio vegetable crop is established，and the regression equations in the relationships among the fertilization and yield as well as its profit have been simulated．The marginal anal-ysis indicates that the most suitable fertilization for the highest yield of Pak-chio is 137.12kg／hm² N，and the ratio of N．P₂0₅ and K₂O is 1：0.77：0.98；the most suitable fertilization for the highest profit of Pak-chio is 123.74kg／hm² N，and the ratio of N，P₂0₅ and K₂O is 1：0.85：1．

Research on rice higb-yielding culture mode with applng fertilizer in extractive quantity to control nonpoint-sonr cepollution

YANG An-Gui, CHEN Guo-Hui, WEI Yun-Fei, WU Wen-Bin, FENG Li

2005, 13(1): 122-124.

Abstract(1184) PDF(1057)

Abstract:
Using the orthogonal quadratic regression design method，a cultivation technology mod e to retain rice high yield with applying fertilizer in extractive quantity is studied，and a numeric mod e of the density of rice planting，quantity of ap-plyirlg N and quantity of applying P is established，the results show that the theorical maximal yield of rice is 9211.5kg／hm² when the planting density of rice is 209628 clumps／hm²，the application amounts of N and P are 379.05kg／hm²and 476.85kg／hm²，respectively．

Ecological efect of retnrning corn stalks to the field and applying fertilizer in autumn in dry land

ZHOU Huai-Ping, YANGZhi-Ping, GUAN Chun-Lin, LI Hong-Me

2005, 13(1): 125-127.

Abstract(1247) PDF(1185)

Abstract:
A long period located test shows that returning corn stalks to the field and applying fertilizer in autumn Can in-crease the corn yield significantly in dry lan d．The total coin grain amounts of i0-year accumulation increase 12.10～17.27t／hm² compared with the traditional cultivation，the ranges of increasing yield are between 25.59％ and 36.52％．meanwhile，the corn stalks also increase 5.9～13.3t／hm²，which provides adequate organic resources． Returning cornstalks to the field and applying fertilizer in autumn can play an important role of keeping soil water in both autumn and spring ，making the seedlings full and stronger and the nutrition good use，helping the soil microorganism to breed，promot-ing the organic matters decomposition，increasing the validity of mineral nutrients，and improving the soil physical andchem ical properties．

Nutrient properties and fertilizer requirement regularity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch

CHENG Bin, ZHANG Qiang, YANGZhi-Ping, ZHAO Rui-Fen, LIU Ping

2005, 13(1): 128-130.

Abstract(871) PDF(1069)

Abstract:
The nutrient properties and fertilizer requirement regularity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fiseh were studied．The results show that the proportional application of N，P，K，and Ca Call improve the yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch，and the average absorptive ratio of N，P and K is 1：0.55：0.34，the plant assimilates 20.9kg N，11.5kg P₂O_s and 7.2kg K₂O for each 1000kg item ，and the P absorbed proportion increases significantly at the later growth period．

Comparisons of physical and chemical characteristics of peats for agricultural utilization produced by domestic and for．eign manufacturers

REN Zhi-Qiang, JIAO Xiao-Yan, SUN Jing-Tong, GUAN Chao, WANG Jin-Song

2005, 13(1): 131-133.

Abstract(979) PDF(1227)

Abstract:
Physical and chemical characteristics of domestic and foreign peats for agricultural utilization were compared．The results show that compared with the peat produced by foreign manufacturers，the domestic peat has a lower totalporosity，and higher bulk density and ash content．The domestic peat has less cation exchange capacity than the foreignpeat．Both pH and electric conductivity of the domestic peat are relatively higher．The N，P，and K contents of the domestic peat are 2，3～4 and 3～5 times higher than those of the foreign peat，while the domestic peat has similar available nutri-ents with foreign peat，except available iron．Foreign peat of which the pH is adjusted has much more available Ca than do-mestic peat does.

Phytoremediation and its mechanisms for contaminated soils

LIU Xiao-Bing, XING Bao-Shan, ZHOU Ke-Qin, WANG Guan-Hua, LIU Ju-Dong

2005, 13(1): 134-138.

Abstract(1118) PDF(1344)

Abstract:
This paper introduces the application efficacy of phytoremediation in hyarocarbon and meta1 contaminated soils，and discusses the key mechanisms of uptake，accumulation，degradation，inhibition and transformation of petroleum hydrocarbons and／or metals in plants．Problems．1imitations and key tache are also addressed．It is concluded that the degradation and inhibition of petroleum hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of plants are the primary loss mechanism for these compounds，and stabilization and accumulation are the key processes for metal clean up．

Analysis on the soft nutrients of citrus orchards in demonstration are8 of environmental immigrants，Northwest Guangxi

HE Tie-Guang, XIAO Run-Lin, SHI Xue-Hui

2005, 13(1): 139-142.

Abstract(833) PDF(882)

Abstract:
S0il nutrients of citrus orchards in demonstration area of environmental immigrants．Northwest Guangxi were tested．The results show that the soil fertility in the area is characterized by abundant organic matter，low total N，total P and total K，optimum hydrolyable N and available P，and strong acidity．The major nutrient variable coefficients in differ-ent citrus orchard soils are over 16％ and pH variable coefficient of the soll is 4.4％．The soil nutrient differences of citrus orchards of different yield grades are mainly shown in the amount of hydrolyable N and available K．The contents of hy-drolyable N and available K are 106.46mg／kg and 76.21mg／kg respectively in high-yield citrus orchards and are 96.88mg／kg and 59.83mg／kg respectively in low-yield citrus orchards．There is an extremely positive correlation between cit-ILlS yields and hydrolyable N and a positive correlation between citrus yields and available K．Also，the indexes of abundance and shortage of hydrolyable N and available K in soils are put forward in this paper．

Study on the enzyme activities and fertility change of soils by a long-term located utilization of different fertilizers

GAO Rui, LU Jia-Long

2005, 13(1): 143-145.

Abstract(1434) PDF(1272)

Abstract:
The studies on the enzyrfte activities and fertility change of soils by a long-term located utilization of different fertilizers in wheat-maize rotation district show that the activities of unease，alkaline phosphatase，invertase and hydrogen peroxidase soils Call be increased by a long-term fertilization，and the effect of inorganic fertilizer combined with organic manure is better than that of only inorganic fertilizer，and the activity of soil enzyme can not be increased in fallow field af-ter fertilization，showing that fertilization(inorganic and organic fertilizer)and crop rhizctaxis both can increase the activity of soil enzyme，and the activity of soil enzyme are positively correlated with crop yield(soil fertility)．

Studies on soil erosion to the different lands with different utilizations in Bashang．Hebei Province-- A case study from Sandaohe，Datan Town，Fengning County，Hebei Province

HAI Chun-Xing, ZHA0 Ye, CHEN Zhi-Fan, ZHAO Fang-Min

2005, 13(1): 146-147.

Abstract(866) PDF(922)

Abstract:
The soll erosion to the different lands with different utilizations in Bashang，Hebei Province is studied． The resuits show that the order of the potential erosion is fallow(63.855％)>artifieial woodland(54.212％)>cultivated land (53.020％)>grassland(50.787％)．S0 the grassland iS the most feasible land of utilization in this area．

Influence of agricultural productive structure and countermeasures on the rodent population density of the farmland in Dongting Lake area

WANG Yong, WANG Ke-Lin, ZHANG Mei-Wen, LI Bo

2005, 13(1): 148-151.

Abstract(804) PDF(988)

Abstract:
The influence of agricultural productive structure and countermeasures on the rod ent population density of the farmlands in Dongting Lake area is studied．The results show that the population density of rod ent in paddy field is higher than that in cotton land；and its population density in ha rvested paddy field is higher than that in rape land in the first month of winter，but the population density of rod ent in rape land is higher than that in harvested paddy field in the begin．ning of spring；the population density of rod ent in the non phenol cotton field is higher than that in the phend cottonfield，the po pulation density of rod ent in the field with hardened ridge is lower than that in the field with unhardened ridge．The agricultural productive activities，i．e．the early rice seeding，seeding and harvesting in time，the later rice har．vesting，may cause the migration of rodents owing to the change of the habitats，while the influence on rodent population density is restricted by it propagating characteristics，so the po pulation density of rodent is not affected markedly by themain agricultural productive activities in the farmland．

Basic characteristics of rodent comm unities in lakefront rice area of Dongting Lake

LI Bo, WANG Yong, ZHANG Mei-Wen, CHEN An-Guo, GUO Cong

2005, 13(1): 152-155.

Abstract(1072) PDF(1010)

Abstract:
Rodent communities have been studied in Matangyuan，Yueyang Co unty，Dongting lakefront rice area．The ro-dent communities can be divided into four types，i．e．Apodemus agrarius+Microtus fortis community in farmland(A)，Microtus fortis+Apodemus agrarius+Rattus rosea community in hills(B)，Microtus fortis community in lake beach (C)，Mus musculus+Rattus flavipectus+Rattus norvegicus community in indoor(D)．The structure of communitv A is similar to that of community B，and they are significantly different between years，but other community structures are significant difference．The diversity index of community B is the highest one(1.619)．The diversity and evenness indexes of community C are the lowest(0.052 and 0.033)，but its dominance index is the highest(0.990)．Evenness index of community D is the highest(0.721)，but its dominance index is the lowest(0.407)．

Potential of artificial lichen used as rainwater catching materials in arid and semiar id regions

FENG Xue-Zan, ZHANG Wan-Ju

2005, 13(1): 156-159.

Abstract(1361) PDF(1473)

Abstract:
The biological and ecological characteristics，formation and functions of lichen soil crust and its effects on the process of soil hydrology are analyzed，and the feasibility of artificial lichen used as rainwater catching materials in arid and semi-arid areas is discussed．It is concluded that artificial lichen can be used as a green environment protecting materials tO construct the rainwater catching site in arid and semi-arid areas．

Analysis on ecological footpIlint and development strategy of clover blossom in westward of China

SUN Zhao-Min, JIAZhi-Kuan, SHANG Ai-Jun, LIAO Yun-Cheng, LONG Ming-Xiu

2005, 13(1): 160-163.

Abstract(1515) PDF(1231)

Abstract:
The ecological footprint and the reason why the ecological capacity WSS declined are stated．The countermea-sures to develop clover grassland，improve the agricultural environment，advance the agricultural ecological capacity，and re-alize the agricultural sustainable development were put forward.

Potential and countermeasures of development of alfalfa industry in desert Oasism A case study from M inqin desert Oasis in Gansu Province

WANG Ji-He, HE Fang-Yin

2005, 13(1): 164-166.

Abstract(1196) PDF(1143)

Abstract:
The study results show that in Minqin desert Oasia，the annual irrigation of alfalfa is 4 times ，the irrigated normis 3000m³／hm² per year．the water benefit is 5.087kg／m³。and the water consumption rate reduces from 0.622m³／kg DM to 0.197m³ ／kg DM ．Co mpared with the norm of wheat and oom ，the irrigated norm of alfalfa reduces 3300-6300 m³hm²。the irrigated COSt reduces 235 yuan／hm² ，the economic benefit of water enhances from 1.02 yuan／m³。and 1.06 yuan／m³hm²8.34 yuan／m³ and the radiation use efficiency enhances from 0.873％ and 1.040％ tO 1.44％ per year．increasing by 64.95％ and 38.46％．The soil organic matter increases by 26.36％ and 33.17％ with 5 years and 7 years alfalfa in 0～30cm soil．

Study on the development strategies of Chinese chestnut industrilization in Huairou District in Beijing

WANG Jing-Hui, WU Wen-Liang

2005, 13(1): 167-169.

Abstract(1154) PDF(1204)

Abstract:
The paper analyzes the planting status and industrilization benefits，the industrilization development advantages and the existing problems of Chinese chestnut in Huairou District in Beijing．The development strategies and the counter-measures of Chinese chestnut industrilization were proposed．

Policy of ecological forestry development in the Northwest of China

YAO Shun-Bo

2005, 13(1): 170-172.

Abstract(743) PDF(938)

Abstract:
Combining the cue of forestry policy being out of order in the Northwest of China，the causes of the present forest po licies being out of order are analyzed．Finally，Some clues of ecologica[forestry policy in the Northwest of China，i．e．perfecting the property right system of forestry，establishing the compensation mechanism of forestry ecological benefit，requiting ecology with land，and returning farmland tO forest are put forward．

The rebuilding and resuming of SD model of the eco-environment in the agriculture and animal husbandry interlock zone along the Great Wal

ZHANG Han-Xiong, ZHANG Xing-Chang, SHAO Ming-An

2005, 13(1): 173-178.

Abstract(948) PDF(1229)

Abstract:
The rebuilding of SD model and resuming of the eco-environment in the agricdture and animal husbandry in．terlock zone along the Great W all were established by a system dynamic theory，and a simulating study for three typical managem ent patterns，a intensified management，steady development and traditional managem ent，in the region WaS made by the SD mod e1．The results show that the intensified management pattern is the best approach tO harness the eco-envl-ronment in the region，it can balance the development of agriculture，forestry and animal husbandry，reduce the soil erosion by 76．1％，return a good circle of eco。environment in the region、

Study 0111 the benefit value of ecosystem in Hexi corridor region of China

SU Pei-Xi, ZHA0 Ai-Fen, LIU Xin-Min

2005, 13(1): 179-181.

Abstract(951) PDF(1013)

Abstract:
Incorporating the ecological value into socioeconomic accounting system ，the calculation shoWS that the benefit value of ecosystem in Hexi corridor region land of China is 20.79 billion Yuan per year。being 1．11 times of the GDP 0f 18.803 billion Yuan in Hexi corridor region in 1997．among which the total forest ecosystem benefit value accounts for 2.368 billion Yuan per year．being 11.39％ of the total ecosyem benefit and the grassland ecosystem benefit value is the highest，accounting for 79.49％ of the total ecosystem benefit，the benefit value of oasis ecosy~em is quite low，manifest-ing the fragility of oasis ecosystem．

A preliminary study on the agricultural water resources balance and eco-agriculture program in a semiarid regi0n— A case study from the west area of Jilin Province

MA Shu-Qing, WANG Qi, GAO Su-Hua

2005, 13(1): 182-185.

Abstract(1157) PDF(976)

Abstract:
According tO the balance condition between supply and demand of agricultural water resources ，in order tO improve the agricultural water resources balance and rise the ecological benefit of the agriculture ecological system ，the struc-tttre of the system WaS regulated by using linear programming．The results show that the shortage of the water resources and the agricultural coo-environment can be improved and the ecological benefit of the system can be risen obviously by cutting down the farmland area suitably and expanding the artificial grass，forest and waters area，and the stability of the grain output and agricultural economic benefit at present may be kept．

Analysis on the benefits of a comprehensive treatment of Hunchun River Valley

CHEN Wei-Jie, LI Chong-Xin, XU Jin-Shi, LI Zhan

2005, 13(1): 186-188.

Abstract(1465) PDF(1347)

Abstract:
The functions of a comprehensive treatment of soil and water conservation on the decrease of loss 0f the soil．water and fertilizer and the promotion of the development of agriculture，forestry，animal husbandry，sideline and s0 on in Hunchun River Valley are stated．And the far and near benefits of the comprehensive treatment of the valley are analyzed．

Research on the earagriculture mode of~ nl'ce low dissipation in Huanghuaihai Plain

HOU Man-Ping, HAO Jin-Min, DING Zhong-Yi, MENG Peng

2005, 13(1): 189-194.

Abstract(864) PDF(906)

Abstract:
The situations about the area predominance，water，soil and environment status，agriculture energy dissipation of agricultural production in Huan ghuaihai Plain are analyzed．The ecO—agriculture mode and countermeasures of resource low dissipation are put forward for the plain．Finally，the feasibility of Quzhou mode is demonstrated．

Regional programming and development models for touring agriculture in hilly an of Taihang Mountains- A case study from Hebei Province

LU Li, LIU Jin-Tong, LI Hong-Jun, WANG Jian-Jiang

2005, 13(1): 192-194.

Abstract(1519) PDF(1270)

Abstract:
Based on the analysis of environment，market potentiality and the resources of agriculture and tourism of hilly areas in Taihang Mountains，this paper gives the programming and development models of touring agriculture．Three tour-ing agriculture zones and seven arrangements are explained in details．The thre zones are bounded in far，middle and near ones．The 7 arrangements are Liangcheng Yixian，Mancheng～ Shunping，Fuping，Pingshan Lingshou，Luquan～Zan-huang，Lincheng Xingtai，Shexian-Cixian．The 3 optimal models are based on natural，agro-industrial and cultural land-Scapes.

Calculation for economic and ecological benefits of yak and sheep fattening in shed in Changjiang-Yellow Rivers Source Region—A case study from Maqin County，Qinghai Province

XU Shi-Xiao, ZHAO Xin-Ouan, DONG Quan-Min

2005, 13(1): 195-197.

Abstract(969) PDF(958)

Abstract:
Changjiang-Yellow Rivers Source Region is an important strategic place of eco-environment protection in China．Sheep and yak fattening in shed for shortening the duration of livestock on hand can mitigate the grazing stress，protect the natural grass1and，improve the herdsman capability of safeguarding livestock and living through the cold winter and in．crease their net income．The economic and ecological benefits of yak and sheep fattening in shed in Changjiang-Yellow Rivers So urce Region are calculated and the results show that the net incomes of yak and sheep fattening in RMB are 256.5 yuan／yak and 34.25 yuan／sheep，and the economic values of ecological benefits in RMB are 15953.31 yuan／yak and 5301.85 yuan／sheep per year respectively．

The development countermeasures of meat sheep industrilization in our country

LIU Chun-Long, SUN Hai-Xia, LIChang-Sheng, LI Zhong-Qiu

2005, 13(1): 198-200.

Abstract(1065) PDF(1030)

Abstract:
The necessity，advantage，potential，existing problems of development meat sheep industry in our country are stated in this paper．The development countermeasures of meat sheep industrilization are put forward also．

The developing countermeasures of nuisance-free vegetable in Hebei Province

WANG Yuan-Zhong, LI Jian-Guo

2005, 13(1): 201-203.

Abstract(1132) PDF(987)

Abstract:
In this article，by comparing the residual pesticide of standard production with that of the non-standard prod uc-tion of nuisance-free vegetable，some experiences were summarized and the main problems existing in the proceeding of nuisance-free vegetable production in Hebei Province were stated ．Finally，the countermeasures for the development of nui-sancefree vegetable．i．e．establishing and perfecting thre systems，proceeding three‘hua’and holing strictly five toLL-gates were put forward.

2005 Vol. 13, No. 1