2005 Vol. 13, No. 4

  Previous Issue | Next Issue 
Display Method:
Discussion on principles of circular economy
REN Yong, WU Yu-Ping, SUN Gao-Feng
2005, 13(4): 1-3.
Abstract(1449) PDF(983)
Abstract:
This paper discusses the principle of circular economy from its internal essence，economic essence，social character，core role and key tache.
The development，current status and research trends of organic agriculture
FENG Chao-Nian, ZHOU Gui-Sheng, LU Jian-Fei
2005, 13(4): 4-7.
Abstract(1499) PDF(1344)
Abstract:
The background and developmental status of world organic agriculture are stated and three scientific research trends of organic agriculture are given，i.e.the standards revision and accreditation of organic agricultural production and products，the key technological，administerial and service systems and their integration in organic agricultural production，and the ecological and economic evaluations of organic agricultural production system.
Measure of sustainable development of Suining national eco-demonstration area
GE Da-Bing, WU Xiao-Ling, ZOU Dong-Sheng, QIN Pu-Feng, CHEN Jin-Xiang
2005, 13(4): 8-11.
Abstract(1198) PDF(1076)
Abstract:
The measure of sustainable development of Suining national eco-demonstration area was studied.The results show that the ecological footprint per cap.was 1.517888hm2，the ecological carrying capacity was 1.286877hm2 and the ecological deficit was 0.231011hm2 in 2001，showing that the social economy of Suining County was not sustainable.But after eco-demonstration area construction，the ecological footprint will be 1.343577hm2，1.328835hm2，the ecological carrying capacity 1.320071 hm2，1.423893hm2；the ecological surplus -0.023506 hm2，0.095058 hm2；the ecological footprint per 10000 yuan GDP 2.46hm2，0.83 hm2；the ecological carrying ratio 0.98，1.07 in 2005 and 2015 respectively.The ecological deficit and ecological foot print per 10000 yuan GDP become decreasing，the ecological carrying ratio becomes increasing and reaches about 1 after eco-emonstration area construction，which makes resources utilization and energy constructure optimization，social economy becomes sustainable.
The ecological issues in making town environment green
LIU Xiao-Ling, ZHOU Qing
2005, 13(4): 12-14.
Abstract(1782) PDF(996)
Abstract:
The actual layout of town greenbelt issummarized briefly.In the meantime，The fact that environmental afforestation in towns must follow the ecological principle is discussed from nine aspects，i.e.the ecological characteristics of species，the relationships among the species，community structure，community succession，edge effect，biodiversity，ecological invasion，genetically modified organisms and antipollution.Finally，it is indicated that the precondition of achieving optimal eco-efficiency in town afforestation is to apply the ecological principles in marking out town greenbelt and designing the community of town greenbelt.
Genetic diversity and differentiation in four kinds of economic abalone
LI Zhong-Bao, LIU Wen-Biao, HAN Fang, LI Hua, CHEN Xiao-De
2005, 13(4): 15-19.
Abstract(1227) PDF(951)
Abstract:
Genetic diversity and differentiation in 4 kinds of economic abalones were investigated using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.Low level of genetic diversity in 4 kinds of economic abalones was found：Mean number of alleles per locus，percentage of polymorphic loci，observed heterozygosities and expected heterozygosities were 1.2，16.67，0.109 and 0.061 in Haliotis discus discusr espectively；1.10，11.11，0.093 and 0.056 in H.discus hannairespectively；1.44，33.33，0.106 and 0.118 in H.diversicolor diversicolor respectively；1.50，33.33，0.135 and 0.128 in H.diversicolor supertexta respectively.The genetypic distribution at Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），and there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.753）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus discus.The genetypic distribution at Est-3 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote excess in Est-3（F=-0.371）and Sod-1（F=-1.000）in H.discus hannai.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Mdh-1 and Amy-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P>0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.597），Amy-1（F=0.330）and Me-1（F=1.000），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.486）and Mdh-1（F-0.210）in H.diversicolor diversicolor.The genetypic distribution at Est-3，Sdh-2，Amy-1 and Mdh-1 was found to be agreement with that expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium（P=0.05），there were heterozygote deficiency in Est-2（F=0.540），and heterozygote excess in Aat-1（F=-0.477）and Amy-1（F=-0.149）in H.diversicolor supertexta.The results showed that genetic distance was 0.0550 between H.discus discus and H.discus hannai；and that was 0.016 between H.diversicolor diversicolor and H.diversicolor supertexta.
The utilization of RAPD technique for the differentiation of mango anthracnose resistance cultivars
ZHANG Xin
2005, 13(4): 20-21.
Abstract(1121) PDF(1026)
Abstract:
The degree of genetic variation of 10 Mangifera indica cultivars was measured at the molecular level by random amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）.The results show that 10 Mangifera indica cultivars are clustered into 3 RAPD groups which is markedly correlated with the resistance of mango to anthracnose，revealing that the RAPD technique can be used as an aid in screening the disease resistant cecultivars.
Effects of different incubation temperatures on the secondary sex ratio and hatchability of muscovy
XIAO Tian-Fang, LU Hui-Ming
2005, 13(4): 22-24.
Abstract(2052) PDF(2116)
Abstract:
The effects of different temperatures（36.3～39.3℃）on the secondary sex ratio and hatchability of muscovy were studied at the early stage of incubation.The results show that the difference of the sexual proportions of ducklings is significant（P<0.01）.The male proportion is increased while the female proportion is decreased with the increasing of temperature.When the incubation temperatures are from 36.3℃ to 37.3℃，the female proportion is the greatest and the rate ofmales to females is from 0.24 to 0.95，and if the temperatures is controlled between 37.8℃ and 39.3℃，the male proportion is much more than that of the female and the secondary sex ratio is from 1.39 to 5.38.The difference of the ratio of secondary sex to genetic sex does not exist（1:1，P>0.05）only when eggs are incubated at 37.3℃ and 37.8℃，but the differences exist at other temperatures（P<0.05 or P<0.01）.The correlation index between the secondary sex ratio and incubation temperatures of duckling is 0.99，and the range of predicted errors is from -34.88% to +14.58%.In some degree，regulating incubation temperature can control the secondary sex ratio of ducklings.Meanwhile，the incubation temperature obviously affects the hatchability of fertilized eggs.Within the range from 36.3℃ to 37.8℃，the hatchability is promoted as the temperature goes up，but from 37.8℃ to 39.3℃ it decreases.
Population characterization of microorganism in activated sludge and its influence on substrate degradation
NIE Yan-Qiu, ZHOU Qing
2005, 13(4): 25-28.
Abstract(1202) PDF(1419)
Abstract:
The choice of culture medium of microbial isolation and measuring technologies including PCR，ERIC，DGGE，TGGE，FISH and T-RFLP are introduced briefly.Then，the microbial population characterizations in the activated sludge，i.e.microbial diversity， microbial community structure stability and its function stability are stated.Finally，it is pointed out that the microbial diversity in the activated sludge is the base of its community structure stability which is the precondition of its function stability being the guarantee of effective substrate degradation.Inreverse，the variety of substrate and environment factor will also affect the stability of community structure and function，and may make the population diversity change.The change of the microbial community structure stability doesn't keep in step with that of its function stability.
The toxicity of Cinnamomum zexlanicum Nees acetone extract to Tetranychus piercei McGregor and its effects on several esterases
CHEN Qing, YANG Wei-Fan, QIN Li-Jin, WU Zhong-Qin
2005, 13(4): 29-31.
Abstract(1195) PDF(949)
Abstract:
The toxicity of Cinnamomum zexlanicum Nees acetone extract to Tetranychus piercei McGregor and its effects on several esterase were studied.The results show that the Cinnamomum zexlanicum acetone extract has a good activity to Tetranychus piercei.The LC50 value is 3.5642mg／mL after 24 h of treatment；the corrected mortalities are respectively95.45% and 98.84%，85.23% and 90.70%，81.82% and 87.21% after 48 h and 72 h of treatment at 6.67mg／mL，4.44mg／mL and 3.34mg／mL concentrations；the results also indicate that Cinnamomum zexlanicum acetone extract significantly inhibits esterase，carboxylesterase，alkaline phosphate esterase and acid phosphate esterase activities in Tetranychus piercei under various acetone extract concentrations of 5.0μg／mL，4.0μg／mL，3.0μg／mL，2.0μg／mL and 1.0μg／mL；the higher the treatment concentration，the heavier the inhibition.
Effect of Michelia macclurei root extraction by supercritical fluid on the seed germination of Pinus assoniana
CAO Guang-Qiu, LIN Si-Zu, WANG Ai-Ping, ZHENG Yan-Ping, HU Zong-Qing
2005, 13(4): 32-35.
Abstract(915) PDF(901)
Abstract:
The effect of extraction of Michelia macclureiroot extracted by supercritical fluid on the seed germination of Pinusmas soniana was studied.The results show that the alleochemicals of Michelia macclurei root extracted by pure CO2 have significantly inhibitory effects on the absolute germination rate，absolute germination power，plumular root length，plumular axis length，fresh weight and dry weight.On the contrary，the alleochemicals of Michelia macclurei root extracted by entrainer mixed with CO2 have positive effects on the absolute germination rate，plumular axis length，fresh weight and dry weight，but have inhibitory effects on the absolute germination power and plumular root length.
Effect of medium composition on the growth and secretion of cultured root of Astragalus adsurgens Pall
YANG Shan-Yun, MA Yong-Qing, SHUI Jun-Feng, ZHU Yan-Feng
2005, 13(4): 36-69.
Abstract(1387) PDF(1099)
Abstract:
The growth and secretion of cultured root of Astragalus adsurgens Pall.are affected by the medium composition.One litre of modified B5medium of stimulating the growth of the cultured root of A.adsurgens contains KNO32660.5mg，(NH4)2SO4 84.1mg，CaCl2·2H2O 75.0mg，MgSO4·7H2O 125.0mg，FeSO4·7H2O 13.9mg，MnSO4·4H2O 5.0mg，α-Naphthylacetic acid（NAA）0.6mg.One litre of modified B5 medium of high-stayer-producing A.adsurgens root culture consists of KNO34565.9mg，(NH4)2SO448.1mg，MnSO4·4H2O5.0mg，inositol 150.0mg，nicotinic acid 1.5mg，vitamin B6 hydrochloride 1.5mg，vitamin B1 15.0mg，NAA0.8mg，and sucrose 50.0g.
Research on solid substrate in the whole world
ZHOU Yue-Hua, NIE Yan-Li, ZHAO Yong-Hong, LI Yong-Mei, HE Fei-Fei
2005, 13(4): 40-43.
Abstract(1844) PDF(1707)
Abstract:
The development history，current status and trends of solid substrate in the whole world are stated and the physical and chemical properties，container and nutrient solution of substrate requirement for plants are discussed according to the current status of our country in modern agricultural development.
Effects of Kao's organic compound and T vitamins on the generation of embryogenic callus of wheat immature embryo
ZHU Jin-Yun, YANG Li-Ping, XU Yu-Juan, YANG San-Wei, WANG Sui-Bao
2005, 13(4): 44-47.
Abstract(1288) PDF(993)
Abstract:
The effects of Kao's organic compound and T vitamins supplemented in the MS basic medium on the generation of embryogenic callus of wheat immature embryo were studied.The results show that there are higher frequency of embryogenic callus induction on MC and MD media of supplementing Kao's organic compound and T vitamins，there are higher frequencies of green primordium differentiation and plant regeneration on ME and MF media of supplementing Kao's organic compound and T vitamins also.
Effect of acid rain on germination of wheat and rape
JIN Jin, ZENG Qing-Ling, ZHOU Qing
2005, 13(4): 48-51.
Abstract(1093) PDF(862)
Abstract:
Wheat and rape seeds were treated with simulated acid rain at pH 2.0，2.5，3.0，3.5，4.0 and 5.0 levels for 7 days in order to understand the effects of acid rain on seed germination of various acid-fast plant.The germination test shows that the seed germinations are absolutely inhibited at pH 2.0 for wheat and rape.Wheat seeds germinate abnormally at pH 2.5.When pH values above 3.0，the germination percentage，germination energy，germination index，vigor index of wheat and rape seeds increase with decreased acidity levels.In contrast，the percentage of abnormal germination of wheat decreases.The water absorption rate，respiratory rate and storage reserve transformation rate of wheat and rape seeds also increase with increased pH values.The storage loss of wheat increases with increased pH values but that of rape decreases.Inhibition indexes of shoot and root length of wheat and rape seeds decrease with increased pH values.Wheat has stronger fastness than rape under acid rain stress.
Impact of O3 and CO2 concentration doubling on the soybean leaf development and biomass
HUANG Hui, WANG Chun-Yi, BAI Yue-Ming, WEN Min
2005, 13(4): 52-55.
Abstract(1163) PDF(897)
Abstract:
The impacts of O3 and CO2 concentration doubling on the soybean leaf development and biomass are studied by using OTC-1 open top chambers.The results show that O3 and CO2 concentration doubling can lead to the yellow leaf ratio increase and the green leaf ratio decrease.CO2 concentration doubling causes positive effects on the soybean leaf area，leaf weight，weight of green leaf and yellow leaf，as well as biomass，while O3 concentration doubling causes negative effects on those.The mixed ozone and carbon dioxide may alleviate the negative effect of ozone on soybean biomass.The negative effect of O3 on soybean leaf is more obvious than CO2 in O3 and CO2 combination lasting concentration doubling. Before the bulge kernel stage，the alleviating effect of CO2 on soybean leaf is apparent in the treatment of O3 and CO2 in combination gradually to concentration doubling；while after the bulge kernel stage，the effect of CO2 and O3 on soybean leaf is similar，the increasing of soybean biomass follows the curve of natural growth.
Effects of daylength and temperature on the spike differentiation of winter wheat
XUE Xiang, GAO Qing-Lu
2005, 13(4): 56-59.
Abstract(817) PDF(784)
Abstract:
The spike differentiation processes of 3 winter wheat varieties under different sowing dates were studied.The results show that the excessive sensitive stages to daylength and temperature are single and double ridge stages of winter wheat，however the sensitivity of other stages to those is related to the ecological type of winter wheat.The major factor which affects the spike differentiation is the mean daily temperature in the experiment，therefore，the progress of spike differentiation of winter wheat could be regulated by controlling sowing date as climate becoming warm.
Influence of climatic condition on the spike number per plant of wheat
SUN Ben-Pu, SUN Shi-Zong, LI Feng-Yun, LI Xiu-Yun, LIU Feng
2005, 13(4): 60-64.
Abstract(1343) PDF(970)
Abstract:
The influence of climatic condition on the spikes number per plant of wheat in field experiments was studied.The results show that when the temperature reduces largely in early winter，the extreme temperature is low and the rain is little，the wheat will suffer from freeze injury.The influence of freeze injury on wheat is relative to the growth after it turns green.Under high-yield cultivation condition，the annual difference of spike number may be large.This is relative to the growth time of seedling after the year and the temperature.The more the growth time is，the more the number is.The right-time sowing of winter wheat can raise the rate of bearing and then raise the spike number.The late sowing of winter wheat can rise the growth time and make the verbalization come earlier.This can make the spikelet differentiation stage early and long in order to raise the spike number.If the growth time is long and the temperature is high，the fertilizer and water time should be later so as to prevent the population from growing larger，the basic joint from growing longer and the stem from lodging.
Effects of different relative humidities on physiological activities of wild grape
SHI Xue-Hui, CHEN Zu-Yu, LIU Kun-Yu, YANG Guo-Shun, ZHONG Xiao-Hong
2005, 13(4): 65-67.
Abstract(1465) PDF(1075)
Abstract:
Researches on the water potential，transpiration rate，electric conductivity，stomatal aperture，proline and SOD and POD and MDA contents changes in V.pseudoreticulata and Rizamat leaves at 30℃ under 5 atmospheric relative humidities（60%，70%，80%，90%，100%）show that with relative humidity rising，the water potentials of V.pseudoreticulata and Rizamat increase；the transpiration rate，electric conductivity，POD and MDA contents decrease；SOD and proline contents raise first，then drop；SOD and proline contents are at the lowest when V.pseudoreticulata in the relative humidity of 80%～90%，Rizamat in the relative humidity of 70%～80%，indicating that this relative humidity should be suitable to their growth.
Characteristics of improving temperature effect of desert and its affection on the oases agriculture
ZHANG Feng-Hua, QIN Li, LAI Xian-Qi, PAN Xu-Dong
2005, 13(4): 68-70.
Abstract(1495) PDF(1029)
Abstract:
The studies show that the improving temperature effect of desert is different with the distance to the desert，which is a kind of regional pattern.There is a linear relation between the distance from oases to desert and air temperature.There are lots of functions of improving temperature effect of desert to the oases climate，i.e.being higher-temperature and full-illumination in summer，lower-temperature in winter，bigger temperature difference between day and night and so on，these profoundly affect oases characteristic and high-benefit agriculture and cultivation technique.
Photosynthesis characteristics and productivity of Stipa bungeana in loess plateau
WANG Jing, CHENG Ji-Min, WAN Hui-E
2005, 13(4): 71-73.
Abstract(2003) PDF(1070)
Abstract:
Photosynthesis characteristics and productivity of Stipa bungeana were studied.The results show that in the early period，Stipa bungeana grow slowly，then from the early May to the early July，it does fast.Its height can reach 92.2cm and the maximum of its daily increased height is 1.67cm.The seasonal dynamic of biomass is a single-humped curve and reaches the top in August and the non-photosynthesis occupies the more proportion.Due to the environmental influence，photosynthesis and transpiration change regularly and their daily variations can be expressed as a two-humped curve.The‘midday reduction’of photosynthesis rate is limited by stomatic and non-stomatic factors.
Leaf senescence and active oxygen metabolism of different-type wheats under drought
FENG Bai-Li, GAO Xiao-Li, WANG Chang-Fa, ZHANG Song-Wu, LI Sheng-Xiu
2005, 13(4): 74-76.
Abstract(1598) PDF(1261)
Abstract:
The leaf senescence and active oxygen metabolism of different-type wheats under drought were studied.The results indicate that leaf senescence is associated with the decreases of SOD，POD and CAT activities.A marked increase of MDA content and a product of lipid peroxidation are observed during leaf senescence.Cold type wheat has a canopy temperature continuously lower than that of control，especially during the milk-filling period.Many of its characters，such as chlorophyll content，soluble protein content and active oxygen（SOD，CAT，POD）are more superior than those of warm type wheat.Active oxygen metabolism may be responsible for the relationship between canopy temperature and grain yield.
Study on effective nutrient area of‘heinong 35’soybean
HAN Bing-Jin, JIN Jian, NAKASHIMAHiroshi
2005, 13(4): 77-81.
Abstract(1366) PDF(966)
Abstract:
The concept about crop's effective nutrient area is stated and a model of the relationship between nutrient area of soybean and yield is built.Through optimization and analysis，the nutrient area of soybean is 2837.5cm2，i.e.the effective row width is 53.3cm.The optimum nutrient area is 520.0cm2，i.e.the best row width is 22.8cm.But，in the present production，the ridge width is 67～70cm，longer than the effective row width of soybean，which would waste soil resources.The row width of soybean should be 50 cm under ridge tillage condition or 23cm*23cm under plain tillage condition，which would be benefit for the increase of population yield of soybean.
Study on spatio-temporal variability of green degree in winter wheat leaf
WU Su-Xia, MAO Ren-Zhao, LI Hong-Jun, HOU Mei-Ting
2005, 13(4): 82-85.
Abstract(1508) PDF(1055)
Abstract:
The spatio-temporal variability of green degree in winter wheat leaf of Hai River Lower Plain was studied using the method of geological statistics.The results show that the temporal variability trend of green degree is heading stage
Effects of artificial cultivation of Aralia elata under different environmentc onditions
HANG Mei-Ping, GAO Yu-Gang, WANG Yan-Hong
2005, 13(4): 86-87.
Abstract(2025) PDF(1109)
Abstract:
The preservation ratio and growth capacity of Aralia elata were determined under the artificial cultivation condition.The results show that Araliae lata, while being cultivated artificially, should be planted in half an overcast slope,with the soil of the canopy density being about 30% and without accumulated water.It is good that the soil is loose and fertile and ventilative with the pH of 5.5~6.5 in the loam environment.
Influences of partial root-zone irrigation on the growth and development，yield，and quality of nectarine in greenhouse
BI Yan-Yong, GAO Dong-Sheng, WANG Xiao-Ying, LI Xian-Li
2005, 13(4): 88-90.
Abstract(1018) PDF(827)
Abstract:
The influences of partial root-zone irrigation on the growth and development，yield，and quality of nectarine in greenhouse were studied.The results show that alternative partial root-zone irrigation（APRI）and fixed partial root-zone irrigation（FPRI）can inhibit the new shoots growing and advance the maturity of fruits than conventional irrigation（CI）.The average fruits weight and fruits rigidity obtained in APRI and FPRI treatments are reduced，but the yield is not influenced，and the total soluble solids is increased.Water saving of 50% is achieved in APRI and FPRI，and water using efficiency（WUE）is increased.Compared with FPRI，the average fruits weight，yield，total soluble solids and water using efficiency of APRI are all increased，except of fruit rigidity.
Competition of absorbing water，fertilizer and light between Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut in the red soil of low hilly land—The water use conditions of Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut
ZHAI Jin-Sheng, ZHOU Jing, WANG Ming-Zhu, ZHANG Bin
2005, 13(4): 91-94.
Abstract(1372) PDF(970)
Abstract:
Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut of agroforestry in the red soil of low hilly land utilize soil water either in cooperation or in competitin. Choerospondias axillaries trees can absorb water from moisture soil at deep horizon and lift water to the surface of soil for peanut using the roots of trees distributed deeply.Competition of the water between Choerospondias axillaries trees and peanut only takes place in dry season（from July to October）and the competition is not obvious.So the water competition of Choerospondias axillariestrees and peanut of agroforestry is not the main obstacle factor affecting peanut growth.
Advance in water stability of black soil aggregates in Northeast China
SHI Yi, CHEN Xin, WEN Da-Zhong
2005, 13(4): 95-98.
Abstract(1381) PDF(1145)
Abstract:
The relationships between water stability of black soil aggregates in Northeast China and organic matter，nutrient status，management pattern were summarized，and the development trend in this field is put forward.
Impact of land use change on the water yield of typical small watershed in gully region at loess plateau—A case study from Wangdonggou watershed in Changwu，Shaanxi Province
LIU Xian-Zhao, TAN Chun-Ying, SONG Xiao-Yu, ZHANG Xiao-Ping
2005, 13(4): 99-102.
Abstract(1393) PDF(1151)
Abstract:
The impact of land use change on the water yield of Wangdonggou watershed of gully region at loess plateau in Changwu was studied.The results show that the characteristics of land use change are mainly reflected in the decrease of farmland and pasture area and the increase of forestland and orchard area.Compared to 1986，the runoff decreased by 5747m3 in 1996 when the precipitation in 1988 was used，and it will decrease by 5914m3 in 2010，which makes the collected water reduce，the storage of soil water increase and the eco-environment continuously develop.
A comparative study on water content accuracies measured by neutron probes in cropland
MAO Fei, REN San-Xue, LIU Geng-Shan, GUO An-Hong, ZHANG Jia-Hua
2005, 13(4): 103-106.
Abstract(1041) PDF(973)
Abstract:
A comparative study on water content accuracies measured by two neutron probes which are IAG-Ⅱ（made in China）and 503DR（made in U.S.A.）were conducted.The results show that the average accuracy of IAG-Ⅱ against soil drill is a little higher than that of 503DR; the stabilities of IAG-Ⅱ in the condition of 14 and 25 are better than those of 503DR；the stability of 503DR in the condition of 52 is better than that of IAG-Ⅱ and the effect of temperature on 503DR is less than that on IAG-Ⅱ.The two neutron probes can be applied in professional work and study.Using statistical method，two regression equations built in 1991 and 2002 for 503DR are compared.The results show that the residual standard deviation of two regression equations do not have a notable difference and between the constants（a）and coefficients（b）of two regression equations，there exists a notable difference，so the two regression equations can not be merged.
Comparison of comprehensive benefits between alfalfa and corn in agriculture-pasture ecotone in the Northeast China
YAN GHeng-Shan, CAO Min-Jian, FAN Fu, LI Chun-Long, LI Feng-Shan
2005, 13(4): 107-109.
Abstract(896) PDF(989)
Abstract:
A field experiment was conducted to compare the comprehensive benefit of alfalfa with that of corn in Tongliao in Inner Mongolia.The results show that the dry matter yield of alfalfa is only 48.8% of that of corn，while the crude protein yield of alfalfa is higher than that of corn with 66.3%. Although the input and output values of alfalfa are both lower than those of corn，the net output values of them are nearly equivalent.The dry root weight of alfalfa is 3.06 times of that of corn，bulk density and porosity of alfalfa field are 95.53% and 104.81% of those of corn field respectively in 0～30cm soil layer.The organic matter，alkaline hydrolysis N，available P and pH of alfalfa field are all lower than those of corn field，while available K is higher than corn field in 0～20cm soil layer.The deflation of alfalfa field is only 41.81% of that of corn field in spring.
Study on the soluble salt ions contents of Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis growing in salinity soils
LIU Jing, WANG Lin-He, ZHANG Fang, LU Jing-Hua
2005, 13(4): 110-115.
Abstract(1027) PDF(902)
Abstract:
The soluble salt ions contents of Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis growing in two kinds of salinity soil were studied.The results show that the soluble salt ion contents in the soil of waste canal are higher than those of irrigation canal，and there is significant difference between them except HCO3-and K+.But the differences in soluble salt ion contents are indistinctive in the parts of the trees above the ground growing at the same age in the two kinds of soil.There are obvious differences in the contents of Cl-，Mg2+，Na+ and K+ in the roots of Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis.These demonstrate that the tree has certain repellent function to higher salt ions in the soil.Populus alba L.var.pyramidalis is able to control Cl- and Na+ that bring poison to the tree in the roots and restricts them from getting into leaves，branch and trunk.The roots have strong selective absorbability to SO42- and Ca2+ and can remove surplus SO42- and Ca2+ out of the body.The roots of the tree have weak selective absorbability to Cl-，Mg2+ and Na+.
The distribution character of soil nutrient and precision management of fertilizer in farmland in the piedmont of Taihang
ZHANG Yu-Ming, MAO Ren-Zhao, HU Chun-Sheng, ZHANG Jia-Bao, ZHU An-Ning
2005, 13(4): 116-120.
Abstract(1425) PDF(1083)
Abstract:
The distribution character of soil nutrient and precision management of fertilizer in farmland in the piedmont of Taihang were studied.The experiment results show that the soil nutrient contents are laid in a range of one or two closed grades，so it is possible for soil nutrient to be managed in subarea.According to the classification criterion of soil nutrient，the soil fertility in this area is at a middle level.The content of soil available phosphorous（P）is closely related to winterwheat yield and fertilized phosphorous is the main factor affecting winter wheat yield.The nitrogen（N）fertilizer is the most important factor to the maize yield and second one is soil alkaline hydrolysis N or P fertilizer.
Transformation of long-lasting UHA in soil and its effect on maize yield
LI Zhao-Jun, MA Guo-Rui, WANG Shen-Gui, LU Xin
2005, 13(4): 121-123.
Abstract(1721) PDF(1135)
Abstract:
The transformation of two types of long-lasting urea in soil and its effect on maize yield were studied.The results show that the application of UHA can inhibit the activity of urease in soil in the first period of maize development and its rate of nitrogen yield is constant with that of nitrogen need of maize.The application of UHA can increase the chlorophyll and photosynthesis intensity of maize，consequently increasing the crop yield，among which UHA Ⅰ is the best.Application of UHA Ⅰcan increase the maize yield by 35.1% compared to urea.
Effects of application of fertilizer K on the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Sichuan Province
LIAO Xiao-Yong, XIANG Ming, QIN Yi
2005, 13(4): 124-126.
Abstract(1480) PDF(803)
Abstract:
The effects of application of fertilizer K on the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Sichuan Province were studied.The results show that applying fertilizer K can raise the contents of potassium and reduced sugar，decrease the contents of calcium，magnesium，nicotine and protein in flue-cured tobacco.It is concluded that the effects of the application of fertilizer K on the quality of flue-cured tobacco in three soils are different evidently，the effect is little in red soil and significant in calcareous purple soil and yellow soil.
Effect of continuous application of chicken manure on rice and wheat
CHEN Bin, JI Xun-Feng, DING Hua-Ping, ZHU Xiu-Ying, ZHONG Chong-Ping
2005, 13(4): 127-130.
Abstract(1262) PDF(1055)
Abstract:
A fixed position experiment of continuous application of chicken manure on rice and wheat was carried out from 1998 to 2001.The results indicate that the total yield of rice and wheat applying chicken manure（9～27t/hm2）to each crop continuously increases by 8.7%～20.1%.The growth rate is a downward trend as the time of continuous application is prolonged.The appropriate applying amount of the manure is 9～18t／hm2 each crop，and 9t／hm2 is better from the third year.The soil nutrient raises notably by continuous applying chicken manure，and the range is available P>available K>organic matter and total N，it is related to the amount of the manure.
Effects of domestic sewage effluents on the growth and physiological characteristics of Catharanthus roseus
HU Hong-You, LU Chang-Yi, YE Yong, CHEN Deng-Xiong
2005, 13(4): 131-134.
Abstract(1357) PDF(916)
Abstract:
Potted plants of Catharanthus roseus were selected for irrigation treatments with municipal domestic sewage effluents.The treatments were triplicately divided into four treatments according to effluents：tapwater（V／V）：Ⅰ，1:0；Ⅱ，1:1；Ⅲ，1:2；control，0:1.The results showed that compared with the control，sewage irrigation treatments increased the contents of soil NH4+-N from 59.01mg／kg to 64.22～65.89mg／kg，NO3--N from 2.69mg／kg to 3.03～4.54mg／kg，available P from 32.29mg／kg to 37.40～42.41mg／kg.Meanwhile，sewage irrigation also enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as catalase，urease and protease，with increases of 10.76%～23.32%，33.41%～103.69% and 31.82%～131.82%，respectively；promoted root activities from 170.25μg／g·h to 177.88～471.69μg／g·h，increased chlorophyll contents from 1.78mg／dm2 to 2.68～2.98mg／dm2，and biomass from 11.660g／pot to 12.130～16.577g／pot.Of all of the treatments，treatment of effluents：tapwater（V／V）1:1 had the best effects on plant growth.Although irrigation with undiluted effluents didn’t benefit for plants’utilization of nutrients from the irrigating effluents，it didn’t exert significantly negative effects on the growth and biomass accumulation of C.roseus.
Dynamics of soil fertility of citrus orchards in demonstration area of environmental immigrants，Northwest Guangxi
XIAO Run-Lin, SU Yi-Rong, HE Tie-Guang, WANG Ke-Lin
2005, 13(4): 135-137.
Abstract(1155) PDF(1164)
Abstract:
The dynamics of soil fertility of citrus orchards in demonstration area of environmental immigrants，Northwest Guangxi was studied.The results show that the soil fertility level decreases first and then increases.The pH value decreases slightly，and acidity is strengthened.The content of organic matter decreases first and then increases slightly.The content of total N decreases and the content of hydrolysable N，total P，available K and available P have been raised as a whole.The content of total K increases first and then decreases.Finally，the reasons of the soil nutrient changes are explained.
Effect of single eleLent and coLpound pollution of Cd，Zn，Pb on soil catalase activity
YANG Zhi-Xin, FENG Sheng-Dong, LIU Shu-Qing
2005, 13(4): 138-141.
Abstract(1307) PDF(79)
Abstract:
Pot experiment was conducted to study effect of single cadium，zinc and lead as well as compound pollution of the tree elements on soil catalase activity in medium loam meadow cinnamon soil.The results show that single element zinc exhibits an obvious inhibiting effect on catalase and there is a significant linear negative correlation between them，whereas lead has an activating function on it，there is a significant linear positive correlation between them.When the concentration of cadium is less than 10mg／kg，cadium exhibits an activating function on catalase.When the concentration of the element reaches 50mg／kg，the activity of the enzyme is inhibited.The toxicity order of the inhibiting effect of the three elements on catalase is Zn>Cd>Pb.Under the combination of the three elements，influence of Cd，Zn，Pb compound pollution on catalase activity differs from that of each single element treatment.The characteristics of Cd and Zn exhibit a synergistic inhibiting negative effect，whereas Pb for catalase exhibits a protective effect，especially the high concentration of Pb.The catalase activity of compound pollution is more than that of single element Cd under the same Cd concentration.Zn is the same as Cd，but Pb is different from the front elements.The catalase activity of compound pollution is less than that of single element Pb under the same Pb concentration.
Research on heavy metal's characteristics in the soil of vegetable farms in Chongqing City
LI Qi-Lin, LIU Guang-De, HUANG Yun, WEI Chao-Fu
2005, 13(4): 142-146.
Abstract(2063) PDF(74)
Abstract:
The contents of heavy metals of Cr，Ni，Cu，Zn，As and Pb in 0～20cm and 20～40cm layers in soils have no obvious differences in the vegetable farms，and the contents of Cd and Hg have obvious differences.The differences of average contents and the variable coefficient of the heavy metals in different types of soil are smaller.The contents of heavy metals of Ni，Cu，Zn，As and Pb and the cation exchange capacity in the outskirts of a town and the areas of the factories and mines and the general countryside have no remarkable differences.The heavy metals in different types of soil and different regions have more coherency，and the Cu，Ni and Cr of heavy metals have more associated relation.The pollution of Cd of vegetable farm is bigger in Chongqing.
CoLprehensive evaluation of Cu and Hg pollution of soil in vegetable farLs in suburb of Fuzhou
LIU Hong, XIONG De-Zhong, FANG Hui-Yun
2005, 13(4): 147-149.
Abstract(1192) PDF(68)
Abstract:
The comprehensive evaluation of Cu and Hg pollution of soil in vegetable farms in suburb of Fuzhou was conducted.The results show that the average content of Hg in soil is 0.79μg／g，exceeding the serious level.The proportion of serious pollution of Hg is 37.5% in all evaluated areas，those of middle and slight degrees of pollution are 37.5% and 25.0% respectively；the average content of Cuin soil is 48.32μg／g，the proportions of slight pollution and safety degree are 62.5% and 37.5% respectively.
Effects of agrochemicals and wastes on soil environment and food safety
LU Xiao-Nan, MEN GCi-Fu, MA Wan-Zhu, CHEN Xiao-Jia
2005, 13(4): 150-153.
Abstract(1202) PDF(1214)
Abstract:
The paper reviews the present application status of agrochemicals and wastes，such as chemical fertilizers，pesticides，acid deposition，sewage sludge，livestock and poultry solid wastes，and the three-wastes，as well as theire ffects of pollution on soil and environment and on the food safety.
The actual state of‘petroleum agriculture’and its environmental impact on irrigation farmland over arid region—A case study from Hexi Corridor Region
WEI Yuan-Ming, ZHU Li-Xia, KANG Feng-Qin
2005, 13(4): 154-156.
Abstract(1216) PDF(1008)
Abstract:
The actual state of petroleum agriculture and its environmental impact on irrigation farmland over Hexi corridor arid region are stated and its developmental countermeasures are put forward.
Population dynamics of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner in transgenic,SGK321,GK12 and 33B
ZHOU Hong-Xu, GUO Jian-Ying, WAN Fang-Hao, ZHANG Gui-Fen, LIU Wan-Xue
2005, 13(4): 157-160.
Abstract(1143) PDF(1026)
Abstract:
The population dynamics of cotton bollworm（Helicoverpa armigera Hübner）in transgenic cotton，SGK321，GK12 and 33B were studied.It showed that the damage rates of leaves，squares and bolls in transgenic cotton SGK321，GK12 and 33B fields were lower than those in non-transgenic cotton fields.There were much less larvae in the transgenic cotton fields during the second and third generations of H.armigera.Although the number of the fourth generation larvae in transgenic cotton fields was more than that of the third generation，it was still less than that in the non-transgenic cotton fields.There were no significant differences among transgenic Cry1Ac & CpTI cotton（SGK321），transgenic Cry1Ac & Abcotton（GK12）and transgenic Cry1Ac（33B）cotton，when the numbers of larvae and the damage rates of leaves，squares and bolls were compared during the second，third and fourth generations of H.armigera.It indicates that the resistance of SGK321，GK12 and 33B to cotton bollworm does not differ in the fields.
Toxicity of spinosad to Plutella xylostella（L.）and its natural enemies
XU Jian-Xiang, QIAO Jing, ZHONG Chong-Xiang
2005, 13(4): 161-163.
Abstract(1244) PDF(1016)
Abstract:
The toxicities of spinosad to Plutella xylostella and its natural enemies are evaluated in this paper.The results show that spinosad has a high toxicity to P.xylostellaand a high efficacy against the pest in fields.Spinosad has a lethal effect on Paederus fuscipes and C.plutellae，but no significant effect on Lycosa psedoannulata.For C.plutellae，the treatment with 1000 times dilution of 2.5% CAIXI causes its mortality of 62.2% after 24h and 88.7% after 36h.The side-effects of spinosad on parasitoid of P.xylostella are very high and should be considered when the pesticide is used.
Study on the grafted tomatoes controlling root-nematode in greenhouse
ZHENG Chang-Ying, CAO Zhi-Ping, CHEN Guo-Kang, CHEN Yun-Feng, YANG Hang
2005, 13(4): 164-166.
Abstract(1712) PDF(1223)
Abstract:
The grafted tomatoes with resistant rootstock SIS-1 can resist the root-nematode（Meloidogyne spp.）.Disease indices of grafted tomatoes in the 5 plots（methyl bromide，metham-sodium，methyl bromide+VIF，metham-sodium+VIF and solar energy+BCA）are zero.The disease index of grafted tomatoes（8.4）is far lower than that of ungrafted tomatoes（95.0）and its yield has increased by 102.01% in the CK plot.There is no significant difference in disease indices among the four chemical fumigation approaches.The yield of ungrafted tomatoes in chemical fumigation plots is higher than that of CK plot and has increased by 40%.
Research progress and prospect on classification and grading of agricultural land in China
PENG Jian, JIANG Yi-Jun, LIU Song, ZHANG Qing-Chun
2005, 13(4): 167-170.
Abstract(1044) PDF(1186)
Abstract:
The research progresses on classification and grading of agricultural land（CGAL）in China are stated，through theoretical foundation，model and methodology，evaluation indexes，concept and technology process，evaluation cell，application of RS and GIS，related research and application. At the last，the emphasis for further research on CGAL in China，i.e.the research on application of CGAL，evaluation indexes，regional integration，are put forward.
Research on cropland grading information system in Xiantao City
NIE Yan, ZHOU Yong, ZENG Ju-Xin
2005, 13(4): 171-174.
Abstract(1548) PDF(1029)
Abstract:
The classification of cropland in Xiantao City of Hubei Province is carried out by using ComGIS.The results indicate that the quality of cropland in this area is on a medium and higher side，and the cropland in levels 2 and 3 amounts to 71.96%.It is in accord with the local situation.
Research on Web-based land resources data sharing
GUO Teng-Yun, CHEN Xiao-Gang, WU Shao-Hong, WANG Lei
2005, 13(4): 178-177.
Abstract(1089) PDF(988)
Abstract:
This paper presents a web-based technical framework and methodology for land resources data sharing in China.To realize the goal of spatial data sharing on internet，database，statistical models and graphics，visualization and web GIS techniques are combined for the purpose.And its implementation is carried out under user level，data level and service level on the basis of web GIS techniques.
Stability evaluation of ecosystem on Honghu Lake wetlands
WANG Qian, WU Sheng-Jun, XIAO Fei, XUE Huai-Ping, REN Xian-You
2005, 13(4): 178-180.
Abstract(917) PDF(923)
Abstract:
Based on the theories of ecology and system，the evaluation index system of ecosystem on Honghu Lake wetlands was established，and the evaluation using analytic hierarchy process shows that on Honghu Lake wetlands，the system is in a state of middle stability.Many elements affect the system.Policy and decree are the most important factors，and the second are wetland water quality，disaster coefficient，wetland sight pattern and regulating sluice ability.The adjusting ability of climate，the density of population and the scale of economy development of the region affect the stability of the system weakly.
Comprehensive evaluation of natural factors fragile of eco-environment in Poyang Lake region
CHEN Mei-Qiu, CAI Hai-Sheng, HUANG Liang
2005, 13(4): 181-183.
Abstract(1484) PDF(1180)
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of the eco-environment character of Poyang Lake region，the natural fragile is analyzed from geology，topography，soil，climate，vegetation and hydrology.The order of the natural fragile of every county is Nanchang County
Study on the change of agriculture landscape pattern based on GIS—A case study from Maping Town，Zhangpu County，Fujian Province
CHENG Jiong, WU Zhi-Feng, LIU Ping
2005, 13(4): 184-186.
Abstract(1003) PDF(1016)
Abstract:
The change of agriculture landscape pattern was studied with GIS technology.The result shows that the index of diversity is declined in Maping Town，Zhangpu County，but the indexes of dominance and evenness are raised.The changes of landscape type show that the patches of landscape of living and production are more and more，and the degree of their fragmentation is increased；but the patches of landscape of eco-protection are fewer and fewer，and their dominance is decreased.The change of landscape pattern is consistent with the development of agriculture.
Evaluation of sustainable development of typical small watershed in mountainous area—A case study from Sanduhe small watershed in Beijing
DUAN Wen-Biao, REN Cui-Mei
2005, 13(4): 187-190.
Abstract(1017) PDF(962)
Abstract:
An applicable，operative，and simplified indicator system frame for sustainable development of comprehensive management of Sanduhe small watershed is brought forward.This indicator system is composed of goal layer，category indicator layer，item indicator layer，and indicator variable layer.According to the sequence from indicator variable layer，item indicator layer，category indicator layer to goal layer，every indicator value in every layer is calculated out，the indicator value of sustainable development degree of comprehensive management of small watershed is eventually computed. Sanduhe small watershed sustainable development in different years is scientifically evaluated and analyzed.
Effects of wild pueraria and bahia grass on soil and water conservation and soil amelioration in red soil of hilly land
FAN Shu-Ying, WU Cai-Jun, QU Xue-Yan
2005, 13(4): 191-193.
Abstract(1247) PDF(1052)
Abstract:
The effects of wild pueraria and bahia grass on soil and water conservation and soil amelioration were studied in red soil of hilly land.The results show that Hengfeng wild pueraria and bahia grass can improve the soil capacity of water，soil porosity，pH value，organic matter，the contents of N，P and K，and decrease the soil bulk density，soil erosion and runoff.It gets good effects in soil and water conservation and soil amelioration，and wild pueraria has better integrative effect than bahia grass.
The function of Forsythia on the prevention and control of erosion in Loess Plateau
XU Mao-Jie, WANG Yu-Qing, NIU Yan-Bing
2005, 13(4): 194-196.
Abstract(1753) PDF(1178)
Abstract:
The functions of ,i>Forsythia on the prevention and control of water soil erosion，resistance sands and hardening soil in arid and semi-arid area of Loess Plateau are stated.The measures of protection and utilization of wild Forsythia are put forward also.
Application of bahia grass（Paspalu notatu ）to eco-agriculture construction in Southern China
LI Guo-Huai, YI Hua-Lin, XIA Ren-Xue
2005, 13(4): 197-199.
Abstract(1268) PDF(1106)
Abstract:
The application of bahia grass to eco-agriculture construction in Southern China is briefly reviewed，including the uses of the grass as the cover crop in orchard，mulberry field or tea plantation，and those in water and soil conservation，the re-vegetation of wasteland and mining wasteland，lawn planting，forage development and edible fungi culture.
Study on pattern of ecological fishery in water body of low-hilly red soil region—A case study from Yujiang County，Jiangxi Province
WEI Jian-Zhi, ZENG Pin-Bao, HUANG You-Hua, WANG Ming-Zhu, CHEN Shao-Fu
2005, 13(4): 200-203.
Abstract(1445) PDF(1055)
Abstract:
The different development periods of ecological fishery pattern in water body of low-hilly red soil region and its effects on the water quality variation are stated and the regulation and control countermeasures，i.e.inputting proper quantity of pigmanure，regulating and controlling the structure of fish culture and returning the pond silt to the field are put forward.
Embankment agriculture at Dongting Lake plain and substitutive agricultural mode after changing farmland into lake
PENG Pei-Qin
2005, 13(4): 204-206.
Abstract(1185) PDF(957)
Abstract:
The forming of embankment agriculture and the status of the flood and waterlogged frequency at Dongting Lake areas are stated.The main countermeasures of returning field to lake such as establishing the new patterns that the disaster was avoided and decreased by adjusting the production structure of agriculture，developing substitutive and high benefit agriculture patterns in Dongting Lake areas are put forward also.
The eco-agricultural model of the development of rainwater-harvesting technology in semiarid area
WANG Jun, XU Jin-Zhang
2005, 13(4): 207-209.
Abstract(1284) PDF(1172)
Abstract:
The inhibiting factors，potential advantage and bright future of developing eco-agriculture of mixed planting with animal husbandry based on rainwater-harvesting technology in semiarid area are stated from the views of ecology and economy，and the artificial grassland planting using rainwater-harvesting technology and grass-grain crop rotation are advanced as two important technological supports for the development of eco-agriculture.
Eco-agricultural model of fruit-grass-livestock-edible fungi-biogas in southeast of Fujian
LAI De-Fang, SHEN Kui-Min, CAI Yuan-Cheng
2005, 13(4): 210-213.
Abstract(1813) PDF(1020)
Abstract:
The study reveals that the ecological，economic and social benefits of the model of fruit-grass-livestock-edible fungi-biogas used in southeast of Fujian are all strikingly. Every hectare land can get a profit of 37758.3 yuan and the model can increase the soil moisture by 8.80%～20.07%，increase the soil organic matter by 6.86%，decrease the temperature of soil surface by 11.3～19.6℃ in summer and autumn.
Exploration on the construction model of ecological agriculture in Weibei Loess Plateau
LI UYu-Feng, FAN Hong-Zhang, DU Sheng-Ming
2005, 13(4): 214-216.
Abstract(1411) PDF(1362)
Abstract:
An optimum ecological agriculture model of five complete sets of ‘trinity’，i.e.the development，management and construction of ecological environment，taking marsh gas as a link and a synthesized management model of drainage areas,taking the remove of furrow to forest or grass as the core in Weibei Loess Plateau are stated.Their economic，social and ecological benefits are analyzed.
A studyon the Lodels of eco-agricultural developLent in typical Karst Gorge Region—A case study from Dingtan District of Huajiang Gorge in Guizhou Province
SU Wei-Ci, YANG Hua
2005, 13(4): 217-220.
Abstract(1964) PDF(1581)
Abstract:
Taking Dingtan District of Huajiang Gorge as an example，the natural conditions，the development current of rocky desertification，and the models of eco-agricultural development for controlling the rocky desertification such as‘Chinese prickly ash+breed pigs+marsh gas’model，‘Alpinazerumbet（pers）Burtt+breed pigs+marshgas’model，‘grain crops and economic plants+Chinese prickly ash or Alpina zerumbet（pers）Burtt’model and its development countermeasures are put forward.
Production frame and eco-nutritional manipulation on non-public hazard，green and organic animal husbandry
TANG Shao-Xun, TAN Zhi-Liang, SHAN Ji-Guang
2005, 13(4): 221-225.
Abstract(1118) PDF(797)
Abstract:
The relationships and differences among non-public hazard，green and organic animal husbandries were analyzed.Meanwhile，the production frame and eco-nutritional manipulative were emphatically expounded.The developing trend and the selection of region were also explored.It is considered that non-public hazard production of animal husbandry should be mainly developed at the present stage，while green and organic production of animal husbandry should be also developed as an external subsidiary assistance.The proportion of green and organic animal husbandry should be gradually increased with the maturity of animal production technology.It is also considered that the green and organic animal production should be mainly developed at the pollution-free area in the west and southeast coastal region，while the non-public hazard animal production should be mainly developed at the vast agro-region in China.
Industrialization of the control and prevention of livestock feeding pollution in China
XU De-Hui, WANG Han-Min
2005, 13(4): 226-228.
Abstract(1180) PDF(1037)
Abstract:
The industrialization and economic basis on the control and prevention of livestock feeding pollution in China are stated，and the roads to realize the industrialization of the control and prevention of livestock feeding are pointed out，i.e.the establishment of systematic policy，financial institutions and effective support system，such as R & D.

  冀ICP备05003362号-2

Address：286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050022, China

Tel：86-311-85818007E-mail：editor@sjziam.ac.cn

Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.